Adams, John (1735-1826, designated as JA in The Adams Papers)
150
Agricultural and Scientific Interests
30
farming, farm improvements, and scientific agriculture
7
notes on Winthrop's lectures
5
and Amer. Philosophical Soc.
5
and founding of Amer. Academy of Arts and Sciences
4
benefits and pleasures of agriculture
3
fresh air and common colds
3
makes weather observations and records
3
records college theses on scientific subjects
3
Winthrop's influence on JA's scientific interests and thought
2
lightning and lightning rods
2
on the “mechanical Arts” of the Moravians at Bethlehem
1
European universities examined for possible imitation in America
1
Indian antiquities at Fort St. David
1
Pennsylvania and New England farming contrasted
1
Viney's bent-timber wheels
1
and Société libre d'émulation, Paris
1
assistance for Mass. Medical Soc. sought
1
considers medicine as a profession
1
hygiene on ships in Continental Navy
1
impatience with scientific empiricism
1
inquires about land passage from Russia to America, &c.
1
lasting impression made by Arnold's natural history collection in Norwalk, Conn.
1
lightning rods in Philadelphia
1
lists “American Curiosities” in natural history to be sent as gifts to France
2
notes on Nieuwentijdt's Religious Philosopher
2
on Dutch naturalist Lyonnet
1
on Franklin's theory of “Thunder Gusts”
1
on ventilation and health
1
peat in the Netherlands
1
plan to establish a society to encourage arts, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce
1
proposes establishing a “philosophical society” in Boston
1
reads Buffon's compilations with attention
1
role in founding Amer. Academy of Arts and Sciences
1
steam engines in English mines
1
study of German as aid to scientific inquiry
1
uses telescope in college
1
visit to French Academy of Sciences
1
visit to the “Cabinet d'Histoire naturell”
2
“All nature is [worth studying].—But I have too much to do, to Study Men, and their mischievous Designs”
1
“I have never turned my Thoughts much to such Speculations”
1
“all the Amusement that I ever had in my life ... is my farm”
1
skeptical of research for its own sake
See also: Astronomy
See also: Earthquakes
See also: Museums
654
Books, Reading, and Education
32
Digges sends printed material to
29
reading habits and schedule
9
books and newspapers sent to
8
requests, purchases, or receives books
6
on his own motives, habits, and deficiencies in reading and studying
6
Jenings sends books and pamphlets to
6
early education and preparation for Harvard
5
views on schoolteaching
5
Thomson, Britannia, cited and quoted
5
newspaper subscriptions
6
Bracht, Verzameling van de Constitutien
5
Constitutions of the Several Independent States of America
5
studies Plato's Laws and other works
4
quotes Montesquieu's De l'esprit des lois
4
receives and presents old coin to Society of Antiquaries
4
Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia
4
Literary Commonplace Book
4
engaged as schoolmaster in Worcester
4
exchanges reminiscences of undergraduate days with David Sewall
4
keeping school in Worcester
4
subscribes to newspapers and periodicals
4
Wild sends printed material to
4
Blackburne, Memoires of Thomas Hollis
3
dealings with the Dilly firm in London
3
wants his books in Boston law office moved to Braintree
3
on history and government of the Netherlands
3
requests books on French language
4
comments on Temple's Observations upon the United Provinces
4
collects “grammers, Dictionarys, & treatises upon the French tongue”
3
Pestel's works on jurisprudence acquired in Latin and French
3
“I would have you purchase that Hymn [to Ceres]”
5
“Old Roman Lawyers and dutch Commentators”
3
Tyler uses JA's law books and papers
4
begins diary as Harvard junior sophister
3
Jenings' Considerations on ... a Treaty of Peace with America
3
Bible, cited and quoted
3
seeks “prior documents” volume of Remembrancer
3
Hartley's To the Committee of the County of York quoted
3
seeks works by Malesherbes
3
quotes from and alludes to Howe's Narrative
3
Blackburne, Memoirs of Thomas Hollis
3
Sarsfield gives manuscripts to
3
thinks better of Common Sense and its author in 1776 than later on
2
wants every new book on “Law and Government”
2
buys and reads books on military science
2
recommends books on wages, prices, money, and coinage
3
Spanish dictionaries and grammars purchased
3
Demarville's Les verbes françois
2
advises the reading of Rousseau as preferable to Voltaire and Chesterfield
2
“a little Collection of Books” bought
2
weekly Journals of Congress
2
works of the Abbé Raynal
2
“I have a Set of Popes Works but I am so glad to see an old Acquaintance that I cannot part with him yet”
2
“the English Poets ... elegant, entertaining and instructive Companions”
2
wants Warton's History of English Poetry
2
library in Holland and England
3
scientific reading in Nieuwentijdt
3
purchases Gridley's copy of Van Muyden
2
comments on reading required of lawyers
3
influence of Professor Winthrop
2
diary entries at Harvard
2
marginalia, in Montesquieu
2
marginalia, in Whately's Modern Gardening
2
library in Carpenters' Hall (Library Company of Philadelphia)
2
Pope, An Essay on Man, quoted
2
Pope, On the Detraction Which Followed, quoted
2
Jenings' “Spirit and Resources of Great Britain Considered”
2
Shakespeare, The Tempest, cited
2
requests political works be sent from London
2
Mably's Des principes des négociations quoted
2
seeks book on admiralty law
2
Bolingbroke's Study and Use of History cited and quoted
2
alludes to Pope's Dunciad and quotes from Essay on Man
2
Mouffle d'Angerville, Vie privée de Louis XV
2
Delauney, Histoire d'un pou françois
2
Goens, Consideratien op de Memorie
1
“reading news paper politicks”
1
“I want to see my Books”
1
“I have spent an Estate in Books”
2
on works of Charles Rollin
1
“Multitudes of Pamphlets, News Papers, and private Letters to read” in Congress
1
uses Mather family books and MSS
1
lends sermon to Mrs. Warren
1
Mass. General Court borrows his copy of Ruffhead's Statutes at Large
1
general comments on the value of books
1
disapproves of Chesterfield's Letters
1
gives books to his children
2
Lord Shaftesbury's Characteristicks
2
presented with Mottin de La Balme's books on “Horsemanship and Cavalry”
1
on the study of Amer. maps and geography
1
studies Tillotson as young schoolmaster
1
Hobbes' Political Works
1
Franklin's Experiments and Observations on Electricity
2
books “concerning french History, Laws, Customs and Manners, but above all a large Collection ... on the public Right of Europe and the Letters and Memoirs of ... Ambassadors and public Ministers” admitted as a proper public charge by Congress
1
asks for pamphlets on government
1
works on military tactics, horsemanship, revolution, Danish history, and of classical authors left at York, Penn., for dispatch to Braintree
1
Robertson's History of ... Charles V
1
Defoe, Tour through the Island of Great Britain
1
Buffon's Oeuvres complètes and Histoire naturelle des oiseaux
1
folio of engravings of Greek mythological figures
1
Bentivoglio's History of the Warrs in Flanders for parallels between the Dutch and American revolutions
1
Linguet's Annales politiques ... du dixhuitième siècle
1
Burgh's Political Disquisitions praised
1
Le guide ... d'Amsterdam
1
Court de Gébelin's Monde Primitif annotated
1
“Terence is remarkable, for good morals, good Taste and good Latin”
1
Cerisier's Tableau de l'histoire ... des Provinces-unies
1
Robert Watson's History of ... Philip the Second in French
1
Memoirs of Thomas Hollis
1
Cervantes' Don Quichotte de la Manche
1
Robertson's History of America
1
American revolutionary documents translated into Dutch in Van der Kemp's Verzameling der Stukken
1
“A Temple, a D'Avaux, a D'Estrates had ... masterly Pens to celebrate their own Negotiations”
1
quotes Shakespeare's King Lear
1
compares Voltaire's and Samuel Adams' writings
1
quotes Pope's “On His Grotto at Twickenham”
1
quotes Juvenal's 6th Satire
1
opinion of Dryden's and Trapp's translations of Virgil
1
quotes Book of Common Prayer
1
buys Pope Clement XIV's Interesting Letters
1
Sallust's Jugurthine War and other works in library of
1
buys La Rochefoucauld's Maxims
1
editions of Molière in library of
1
wants Johnson's Lives of the English Poets
1
Bolingbroke's works in library of
1
teaches JQA mathematics
1
gives books to William Cranch
1
buys Shakespeare for AA2
1
buys medical instrument for Amer. doctor
1
library of, in Braintree
1
commends Justinian's Institutes to JQA
1
commends Theophilus' Commentary to JQA
1
presented with treatise on education
1
searches for books for Cotton Tufts
1
sends treatise on education to John Shaw
1
publication of U.S. works in London
1
purchases Samuel Clarke's sermons
1
receives Latin translation of Young, Night Thoughts
1
recommends books for Charles Storer to send to Jefferson
1
requests books from WSS
1
requests Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1
taught navigation to Capt. Benjamin Beale
1
writes marginalia in books
2
legal reading as law clerk to Putnam
1
uses the college library
1
books and papers left with AA in 1778
1
Tyler Sr. recommends books to
1
uses Dr. Willard's library of medical books in Worcester
1
enthusiasm for Orrery's Letters on Swift
1
recommends Rollin's Belles Lettres
1
rules for determining the excellence of language
1
undergraduate papers lost
1
account of JA's life at Harvard
1
struggle to choose a career
1
boards in Worcester with Willards at cost of the town
1
marginalia, in Winthrop on earthquakes
1
marginalia, in Galloway's pamphlets
1
marginalia, in Priestley
1
marginalia, in Condorcet
1
collection of Commonwealth pamphlets
2
passport for books bought in France
1
Dickinson's library at Fairhill
1
on library of George III
1
and the Mathers' and Prince's libraries
1
Braintree grammar school
1
“We must recommend it to Mrs Warren and her Friend Mrs Adams to teach our Sons the divine Science of the Politicks”
1
inadequacy of New England education to prepare statesmen
1
Milton, Paradise Lost, quoted
1
James Harrington, Oceana, cited
1
Peter Bayle, Dictionary Historical, quoted
1
Abbé de Vertot, Revolutions in Roman Republic, quoted and paraphrased
1
purchases Raynal's Histoire
1
subscribes to La Blancherie's Nouvelles de la République
1
Pope, Essay on Man, quoted
1
borrows Memorials of the Courts of Great Britain and France from Mass. Council
1
receives Itinerario español from Lagoanere
1
sends Court de Gébelin's Monde primitif to Harvard
1
Bielfeld's Institutions politiques quoted
1
Pownall presents Memorial to
1
comments on Dalrymple's Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland
1
seeks map of Gulf of St. Lawrence
1
seeks copy of Price's Population of England
1
purchase of Recueil des loix constitutives d'Etats-Unis
1
reads Cerisier's Tableau de l'histoire
1
comments on Mercy Warren's History
1
comments on Raynal's Histoire
1
Richardson, Clarissa Harlowe
1
Goudar, Le procès des trois rois
1
sends collection of constitutions to Luzac
1
sends An Address to the People of the Netherlands to U.S.
1
seeks to have Politique hollandais bound
1
Mandrillon sends printed materials to
1
Van der Kemp, Verzameling van stukken
1
Raynal, Staatsomwenteling
1
Estienne, Thesaurus Linguae Latinae
1
Faber, Thesaurus Eruditionis Scholasticae
1
Ricard, Traité général du commerce
1
misquotes Shakespeare, Tempest
1
seeks London publishers
1
sends pamphlet to Sullivan
1
Robinson-Morris' Considerations
1
Constitutions of the . . . States of America
0
For legal works cited by JA
See also: names of particular authors and titles
0
For works mentioned or cited see under the following authors' names
See: Butler, Samuel
See: Horace
See: Plato
See: Pythagoras
See: Smith, John
See: Virgil
See also: Libraries
See also: individual authors' names
1164
Character, Appearance, Habits, Domestic Life
26
Character
4
frugality with public money
1
public v. private virtue
47
Domestic concerns
12
accounts and expenditures
11
sends merchandise to AA
7
foreign goods sent to AA
4
costs of public service
1
boards with Rev. Sproat while at congress
1
financial sacrifices of
1
opposition to AA's accompanying him to France
1
pays for goods sent to AA
14
Home and Family
1
possibility of moving family to Philadelphia
141
Relationships
6
party to Warren-Paine dispute
5
dispute with John Dickinson
3
hostility to John Hancock
2
associations with others as seen by himself
2
Dubbeldemuts seeks meeting with
2
Jenings as intermediary between Laurens and
2
invites Dumas to live with him
1
closeness to James Warren
1
friendship with Samuel Adams
1
rivalry with Robert Treat Paine
1
Barclay recommended to Jay
1
introduces Paulus to Rush
1
offers condolences to J. Searle
1
regret over new faces in congress
1
with Capellen tot den Pol
1
and Jenings-Laurens dispute
28
early introspective reflections
26
assistance sought by and given to Amer. prisoners and others
18
appeals from and assistance to Amer. prisoners
17
interest in and consumption of Bordeaux wines
11
accounts with the Grands
11
early experiments with his handwriting
10
recreation and exercise
9
eating and drinking habits
10
extent of own achievements in Netherlands over obstacles realized
7
problems with Lovell cipher
8
republican virtues preferred
6
companionship with girls and romantic interests
6
effect of intercepted letters
6
moves belongings from Paris to Amsterdam
6
public office at the cost of domestic happiness and welfare
6
sends AA a barrel of flour from Baltimore
5
sends Dana a Washington miniature
5
correspondence with friends
6
fears interception of letters
5
furniture at The Hague brought to London
5
loss and destruction of portions of his papers
5
made miserable by AA's complaints
5
proposes academy for English language
5
relationship with mother
5
self-evaluation as virtuous man opposed by corrupt factions
4
M. Laurens seeks assistance for father
5
Ridley's journal account of
4
anonymous letters critical of
4
assistance for Stephens
6
acquisition and use of letter-books
4
attends investiture of Ordre du St. Esprit
4
attribution of Common Sense to
4
enjoys and receives chocolate
4
fills up blank pages of diary with retrospective entries
4
household furniture and servants
5
plan to live with family at The Hague
3
difficulty reading Lovell cipher
3
refuses to send Mazzei letter to Congress
3
unable to read Dutch or German
3
Deacon John Adams' will
3
as Honorius in McFingal
3
characteristics of note-taking from books
5
desire for retirement from public life professed
3
elected to Amer. Phil. Soc.
3
has JQA buy coach for family trip to Paris
4
interest in Worcester girls
3
learns that Samuel is the “famous” Adams in Europe
3
makes weather observations and records
3
praise of his diplomatic achievements relished
4
relationship with Charles Storer
3
romance with Hannah Quincy
4
romantic interest in and comments on Hannah Quincy
4
thinks return home best for family
2
CA's expenses on return to U.S.
2
familiarity with Hampshire County, Mass.
2
invited to dine with Schiedam merchants
2
leaves wine with Grands
2
letters of lost or captured
2
refuses to reply to Digges' letters
2
wishes he were in Congress
2
Amer. sailors given aid
2
Chaumont's request that he purchase land
4
Mather Brown's portraits of
2
and liberty-loving Dutch
2
as characterized in English press
2
aspires to genius, learning, and eloquence
2
confusion of names with Samuel Adams
2
devotion to America increased by European experience
2
embittered and humiliated by Congress' rebuke
2
hospitable to relatives in Europe
2
laments father-in-law's death
3
on his work habits and living arrangements
2
preference for “rusticrat Potatoes with Portia” to world of luxuries
2
receives fish and meat from John Cranch
2
rejects moving to Vermont
3
responsiveness to worldly pleasures of France
3
reunites with AA and AA2 in London
2
rise of parties disapproved
1
Dutch schoolmaster seeks help in finding new job
1
Franklin sends fictional accounts of events in U.S. printed at Passy
1
Neufville presents print of Washington portrait by Trumbull
1
Neufville seeks portrait of
1
and controversy over J. Temple's return to U.S.
1
assists J. Wheelock's fundraising effort
1
attends English Church at The Hague
1
attends Prince's Review
1
breakfasts with Sarsfield
2
criticism of for partiality in assisting Amer. prisoners
1
danger of using name in Britain
1
described as “a most wretched politician”
1
described as “pettifogging Attorney”
1
dines with Laurens and Ridley
1
effect of compliments on
1
fails to send letter to Franklin
1
immigration information sought from
1
interest in improving education
1
lacks commercial knowledge
1
not a “King Killer, King Hater or King Despizer”
1
reasons for ending correspondence with Greene
1
receives honorary degree from Harvard
1
receives news of Yorktown
1
receives word of CA's arrival in Massachusetts
1
recommends Cerisier and Marien for membership in Amer. Academy of Arts and Sciences
1
reflects on his qualities
1
refuses to assist Allcock
1
sends New England shilling to Thomas Brand Hollis
1
sends merchandise to U.S.
1
threat of execution in England
1
toasts “A glorious Peace”
2
use of codes and ciphers
1
wants JQA to return to Netherlands
1
wants JQA to return to The Hague
1
“I must be within the Scent of the sea”
1
AA criticizes miniature of
1
AA: “My Good Man is so very fat”
1
Adams family physician in London
1
Dutch negotiations fully recorded and preserved by
1
I am “too old to make a Figure in Arms” (1775)
1
Joseph Hawley's appraisal of
1
Louisa Catherine Smith, JA's amanuensis in his old age
1
Mars appropriate for table of
1
Mary Cranch wishes him to be informed of Royall Tyler's true character
1
Vinkeles' engravings of
1
and dispute over care of house at The Hague
1
anecdote about giving fine dinners
1
arranges for milk and cream delivery in London
1
asks AA to acknowledge all of his letters by date
1
asks Franklin to care for books and clothes
1
behavior of Duke of Dorset toward
1
books and papers left with AA (1778)
1
estimate of his character by Col. Josiah Quincy
1
estimate of his character by Hamilton
1
estimate of his character by John Paul Jones
1
estimate of his character by Lord Howe
1
estimate of his character by Rush
2
portrait by Saint-Mémin
1
estimate of his character by Samuel Tucker
1
estimate of his character by Vauguyon
1
estimate of his character by Vergennes
1
estimate of his character by William Greene
1
called by Mercy Otis Warren “the Stat Holder”
1
called “a civil Cincinnatus”
2
compared to Sir William Temple
1
concern for saddle horse
1
content to farm, be a selectman and “get a little health and teach my Boys to be Lawyers”
1
converts earliest diary to letterbook
1
cuts relic from Shakespeare's chair
1
deplores his poor handwriting
1
described by Tripolitan secy. as “un veritable Turk”
1
described by William Langborn
1
described on leaving to present A Memorial at The Hague
1
desire to return to private life
1
determines to keep family together
1
discusses politics with John Brown Cutting
1
dislike of formalities and ceremonies
1
dislikes English breakfast
1
division of personal and public expenses
1
doubts proficiency in French language
1
early letterdrafts as literary exercises
1
early romantic interest of
1
egotism, &c., distrusted by Madison
1
encounter with Hannah Quincy in old age
1
entertains lawyers and judge at dinner
1
enumerates family cares
1
estimate of his character by Jonathan Sewall
2
facsimile of his handwriting in 1777
1
forwards letters from James Warren to Winslow Warren
1
friendship with Jonathan Sewall
1
gathers possessions to be ready to return to America
1
green velvet cap called a “Cap of Wisdom”
2
habits as letter-writer
1
hires and dismisses a drunken coachman
1
his letters “may exhibit to our Posterity a kind of Picture ... of these Times”
1
informs James Elworthy of safe arrival of Bond family in Boston
1
judged zealous but incautious by Gerry
1
keeps food gifts confidential
1
member of Bill of Rights society
1
of calm and considered judgment
1
on virtue and holding public office
3
proffered share in Vandalia Co.
1
purchases portrait of Jefferson
1
recommends brother-in-law to Dutch merchants
1
referred to as “Doctor Adams” in Massachusetts
1
reunited with family in London (1784)
1
role in Penhallow and Treadwell v. Lusanna
1
sees own firmness or obstinacy
1
sends early letters to Niles in 1819, now lost
1
sister-in-law characterizes
3
situation at the end of 1780
1
social finesse exhibited
1
social life in Braintree
1
tears apart Epiphany pie
1
values brother-in-law's opinion
1
views on epistolary style
1
visits the Cranches in Salem (1766)
1
wishes to write a history of the Revolution
2
“A Child was never more weary of a Whistle, than I am of Embassies”
1
“Ballast is what I want”
1
“I am told I am the first public Minister that ever lived without a Carriage”
1
“I can pass for a Fool, but I will not pass for a dishonest or a mercenary Man”
1
“I cannot eat Pensions and Sinecures, they would stick in my Throat”
1
“I expect to be totally forgotten within 70 years from the present Hour”
1
“I have not much of the Grand in my Composition”
1
“I have so many Irons in the Fire, that every one burns”
2
“I must be within the Scent of the sea”
1
“I think Women better than Men in General”
1
“I was never very fond of public Life, myself”
1
“If I had Power I would forever banish and exclude from America, all Gold, silver, precious stones, Alabaster, Marble, Silk, Velvet and Lace”
1
“It is not that my Pride or my Vanity is piqued by the Revocation of my envied Commission.... What affects me most is the Tryumph given to ... vile Intrigue against inflexible Honour and Integrity”
1
“Literary and Professional ... Ambition”
1
“My dear blue Hills, ye are the most sublime object in my Imagination”
1
“Oh that I was a Soldier!”
1
“Politicks are an ordeal Path, among red hot Ploughshares”
1
“The Letters I have written ... must be kept secret”
1
“The Times alone have destined me to Fame”
1
“The Zeal-Pot boils over”
1
“To tell you the Truth, I admire the Ladies here”
1
“What are the Motives, that ought to urge me to hard study?”
1
“a vile Habit of dozing in the Morning”
1
“fortified with a shield of Innocence and Honour ten thousandfold stronger than brass or Iron”
1
“my Life has been a Series of dissappointments, chequered with . . . a Ray of good Luck”
1
“naturally inclined to be fat”
1
“not formal and ceremonious enough” to be chief justice
1
“should be painted looking like a short, thick, fat Archbishop of Canterbury”
2
“stubborn independence” or “not servile enough”
1
“the Acquisition and Communication of Knowledge, are the sole Entertainment of my Life”
2
“the Puritan ethic in action”
1
“the most anxious and mortifying Year [1780] of my whole Life”
2
brings law clerks into his family
1
character as revealed in his Diary and Autobiography
1
estimate of his character by Franklin
1
letter-writing in old age
1
orders grandsons to preserve what they write
1
sons contemplate law study
1
writes Van der Kemp on “the Litterary Character” of AA
331
Finances and Property
20
Cotton Tufts as agent for
19
investments and family business
7
pays for sons' board and education
6
confusion over payment of wine bill
6
invests in public and private securities
5
Franklin as source of funds for
5
and AA disagree on land purchases
6
leaves family business decisions to AA
5
recovery of account books and money from Royall Tyler
4
resents Franklin's payment of his salary
3
account with David Sloan
3
account with Elisha Doane
3
buys woodland in Braintree from Mrs. Elihu Adams
2
examines accounts of Fizeaux, Grand & Co.
2
account with Mr. Lambert
2
attempts to collect old legal fees
2
cost of living in France
1
finances of during European missions
1
proposes return to U.S. if funds unavailable to support his mission
1
seeks letter of credit on Paris banker
1
uses own funds for purchase of legation
1
inheritance from father
1
loans money to François Soulés
1
problems with a Braintree rental house
1
sends AA money by Thaxter
293
Health and Illnesses
31
recovery from 1781 illness
11
seriously ill with fevers
6
rumor of his being poisoned in New York
5
family concerns over health
4
Thaxter informs correspondents of JA's illness
4
horseback riding sustains
4
severe nervous fever (1781)
4
thinks Paris fever cures earlier ill health
3
receives “freedom of Amsterdam”
2
as excuse to move to The Hague
2
brain allegedly effected by 1781 illness
2
goes to England to recover health
2
inoculated with smallpox
3
“I have been, to the very gate of the other Mansion. My Feet had well nigh Stumbled on the dark mountains”
2
“My Eyes are somewhat troublesome”
2
“loaded constantly with a Cold”
1
1781 illness cited as impairing intellect of
1
Holland will chill “every drop of Blood in My Veins”
1
James Jay as physician of
1
health conditions in Holland
1
horseback riding as cure
1
illness at Auteuil (1783)
1
prevents rapid journey to Paris
1
prevents travel to see Lafayette
1
“Anxiety is good for my Health I believe”
1
“I cannot pass a Spring, or fall, without an ill Turn”
1
“I shall never be a Strong Man”
1
“The [French] Climate and soil agree with me—so do the Cookery and even the Manners of the People ... Churlish Republican, as some ... call me”
473
Legal Studies and Career
14
Law Practice (inactive from 1778)
4
attempts to collect old legal fees
3
relationship with clerks
1
training of young lawyers
1
old business with Joshua Green
35
later cases and experiences at the bar (1762-1774)
32
drafts and notes of arguments
28
early cases and experiences at the bar (through 1761)
26
accounts and fees for services as lawyer
25
notes of legal authorities
See also: under names of particular authors and titles
10
Boston Massacre trials
7
court materials and summaries in his “Admiralty Book”
15
teaching and training law clerks in his office
6
Field v. Lambert, first legal case as counsel
7
admission to Suffolk bar
5
choice of and apprenticeship in the law
6
legal apprenticeship under Putnam
6
sets up law office in Braintree
4
JA's comments on his role in Massacre trials
4
R. T. Paine's minutes of JA's courtroom appearances
4
drafts information praying forfeiture of logs and masts seized by Wentworth
5
judicial service on Congressional prize appeal committee
9
office records (docket lists, dockets, memoranda, bills, accounts, &c.)
5
records “Abstract” of writs of assistance argument
4
writes Suffolk County bar on behalf of John Thaxter
3
Lusanna case (1777 et seq.)
6
JA's intellectual approach to the law
3
Josiah Quincy on JA's role in Massacre trials
3
Tyler uses JA's legal papers and books
3
admission to Suffolk bar, to Superior Court, and as barrister
3
cases and experiences at the bar (1766)
3
engaged by Preston and the soldiers in Massacre trials
3
files plea to the jurisdiction in No. 56
5
history and description of JA's legal papers and materials
7
keeps collection of noteworthy pleadings
5
keeps notes in commonplace book
3
on Spanish courts and justice
2
Wetmore's minutes of JA's courtroom appearances
2
argues in favor of power of inferior customs officer to seize a vessel
2
compiles notes on civil law
2
compiles notes on probate law
2
counsel for Boston to plead for reopening of courts
2
drafts list of questions presented in No. 27
2
files assignment of errors in No. 28
2
leaves legal and business papers with AA (1778)
3
legal education and apprenticeship of JA
2
revenue cases in Court of Vice Admiralty
2
study with fellow lawyers
2
text of a closing address to jury on mobs
2
the “Sodalitas” or lawyers' study club
2
writs of assistance case
1
Admiralty case concerning whaling
1
Auchmuty's report of a courtroom appearance by JA
1
Gordon's comments on JA's role in Massacre trials
1
Hutchinson's comments on JA's role in Massacre trials
1
Kennebec Company one of JA's most important clients
1
King v. Stewart (1774) and its sequels
1
Oliver Whipple's report of a courtroom appearance by JA
1
Tyler to collect legal debts owed to JA
1
White Pine Acts cases in Court of Vice Admiralty
1
William Cushing's report of a courtroom appearance by JA
3
admitted attorney in Inferior Court
3
admitted attorney in Superior Court
4
and Gridley's “sodality”
1
appointed guardian of a minor
1
attack on the Admiralty Court in Hancock case
3
begins practice in Braintree
1
cases and experiences at the bar (1764)
1
cases and experiences at the bar (1767)
1
cases and experiences at the bar (1769)
1
cases and experiences at the bar (1772)
1
cases and experiences at the bar (1774)
1
cases and experiences at the bar (1775)
1
chronology of JA's legal career
1
comments on extent of jury's power
1
compiles list of pleadings
1
considered Corbet's case more important than Massacre trials
1
counsel for assessors in case of a Presbyterian claiming tax exemption
1
court circuit to Worcester (1763)
1
criminal cases in Special Courts of Admiralty
1
drafts abstracts of titles
1
drafts poor-law petition in No. 26
1
files plea in confession and avoidance in No. 33
1
helps draft petition from Braintree troops on bounty
1
impeachment proceedings against Peter Oliver
1
keeps epitome of early reading of Coke on Littleton
1
last case as active trial lawyer in prize controversy for Doane
1
letters to three friends on studying law
1
misgivings about his writ in Field v. Lambert
1
office in Queen Street, Boston
1
on importance of oratory to lawyer
1
on lawyers in the Province who have made greater fortunes than he
1
on means to draw a “Swarm of Clients”
1
planned collection of anecdotes about lawyers
1
politically important defense of Hancock and sloop Liberty on smuggling charges
1
prize case in N.H. Court Maritime
1
ranks colleagues of Suffolk bar
4
rides circuit in “Eastern Counties” of York and Cumberland (now Maine)
1
rivalry with Robert Treat Paine at bar
1
sought as counsel by Col. David Henley
2
talks with leaders of Boston bar
1
term of Superior Court of Judicature in Falmouth (Portland), Maine
1
“1757 ... I longed more ardently to be a Soldier than I ever did to be a Lawyer”
0
For legal authorities mentioned or cited, see the following
See also: Mirror of Justices
See also: Burn
See also: Cunningham
1
JA's legal papers as materials for social history
1
considered resuming practice after being retired from Presidency
1
development and extent of JA's practice
2
habit of recording courtroom minutes
1
inadequate treatment of JA's legal career in biographies
2
mechanics of JA's practice
1
often paired with co-counsel
1
plays leading part in early bar association
1
relations with other members of the legal profession
2
relationship of JA's legal training and experience to his public life
3
travels court circuit outside Suffolk co.
See also: names of individual cases
See also: under the names of JA's law clerks
1522
Letters To
1
Adriaan Pieterszoon Loosjes (1782)
2
Adrianus Dubbeldemuts (1782)
3
Alexander Gillon (1780)
1
Alexander Gillon (1781)
2
Antoine Marie Cerisier (1780)
1
Antoine Marie Cerisier (1782)
1
Arnold Henri Dohrman (1780)
1
Arnold Henri Dohrman (1781)
1
Arthur Middleton (1779)
1
B. de Cabarrus Jeune (1780)
1
Balthasar Elias Abbema (1782)
2
Benjamin Franklin (1778)
8
Benjamin Franklin (1779)
13
Benjamin Franklin (1780)
28
Benjamin Franklin (1781)
11
Benjamin Franklin (1782)
1
Benjamin Franklin (1784)
1
Bidé de Chavagnes (1779)
2
Bidé de Chavagnes (1780)
1
Board of Treasury (1779)
1
Catharine (Sawbridge) Macaulay (1770)
1
Catharine (Sawbridge) Macaulay (1772)
1
Chevalier de Goësbriand (1780)
2
Chevalier de La Luzerne (1779)
1
Chevalier de La Luzerne (1780)
1
Col. Josiah Quincy (1759)
1
Commercial Committee of Continental Congress (1778)
3
Comte de Sarsfield (1780)
5
Comte de Vergennes (1779)
21
Comte de Vergennes (1780)
6
Comte de Vergennes (1781)
1
Comtesse de Quadt Wykeradt (1782)
11
Continental Congress (1781)
3
Continental Congress (1782)
1
Daniel Crommelin & Son (1782)
1
Daniel Hitchcock (1776)
1
Daniel Roberdeau (1779)
1
Daniël Jan Bouwens (1780)
1
Don Pedro Martin Cermeño (1779)
8
Duc de La Vauguyon (1781)
2
Duc de La Vauguyon (1782)
5
Edmé Jacques Genet (1778)
2
Edmé Jacques Genet (1779)
16
Edmé Jacques Genet (1780)
1
Elkanah Watson Jr. (1780)
2
Engelbert François van Berckel (1782)
1
F. & A. Dubbeldemuts (1781)
1
Fizeaux, Grand & Co. (1781)
1
Fizeaux, Grand & Co. (1782)
1
Foreign Affairs Committee (1779)
3
François Adriaan Van der Kemp (1781)
1
François Barbé-Marbois (1779)
1
François Barbé-Marbois (1780)
2
Gabriel de Sartine (1779)
4
Gabriel de Sartine (1780)
1
Gerbrand Ravekes & J. G. Thin van Keulen (1782)
1
Gertruy Roskam van Berckel (1782)
3
Herman van Bracht (1782)
1
Jan and Dirk van Vollenhoven (1780)
1
Jean Henri David Uhl (1782)
10
Jean de Neufville & Fils (1781)
5
Jean de Neufville & Fils (1782)
1
Jn. Pas. Lacoste & Courtiau (1782)
3
Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol (1780)
2
Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol (1781)
2
Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol (1782)
1
Johann Ulrich Pauli (1782)
1
John Hodshon & Zoon (1782)
1
John Thaxter Jr. (1786)
1
Jonathan Jackson (1780)
1
Jonathan Loring Austin (1780)
3
Jonathan Williams (1778)
5
Jonathan Williams (1780)
5
Joseph Gardoqui & Sons (1780)
1
Joseph Mathias Gérard de Rayneval (1781)
2
Laurent Bérenger (1781)
1
Leray de Chaumont (1778)
2
Leray de Chaumont (1779)
1
M. de Fleury of St. Hippolite (1778)
1
M. de Kemtenstrauss (1780)
1
Marquis de Lafayette (1779)
5
Marquis de Lafayette (1782)
1
Mary Smith Cranch (1761)
1
Massachusetts Board of War (1781)
1
Massachusetts Council (1779)
1
Mercy Otis Warren (1778)
1
Mercy Otis Warren (1779)
1
Mercy Otis Warren (1780)
2
Michel Lagoanere (1779)
2
Michel Lagoanere (1780)
1
Muscoe Livingston (1780)
1
Nathanael Greene (1780)
4
Nicolaas & Jacob van Staphorst (1782)
1
Pedro Casamayor & Co. (1780)
1
Peter Boylston Adams (1776)
1
Philippe André Joseph de Létombe (1781)
1
Pieter van Bleiswyck (1781)
1
Pieter van Bleiswyck (1782)
6
President of Congress (1778)
12
President of Congress (1779)
116
President of Congress (1780)
52
President of Congress (1781)
1
President of the States General (1781)
1
Prince Dmitri A. Gallitzin (1781)
1
Richard B. Lloyd (1780)
1
Richard Henry Lee (1778)
1
Richard Henry Lee (1779)
1
Richard Henry Lee (1780)
1
Robert Montgomery (1778)
1
Robert Montgomery (1780)
30
Robert R. Livingston (1782)
1
Robert Treat Paine (1778)
1
Samuel Cooper Johonnot (1780)
1
Samuel Holden Parsons (1776)
1
Samuel Huntington (1780)
3
Samuel Huntington, president of Congress (1779)
2
Samuel Huntington, president of Congress (1780)
3
Sigourney, Ingraham, & Bromfield (1781)
1
Thomas Greenleaf (1778)
1
Thomas Jefferson (1780)
3
Wilhem & Jan Willink (1782)
2
William Carmichael (1780)
1
William Churchill Houston (1780)
4
William Crawford (1758)
2
William MacCreery (1778)
1
William MacCreery (1780)
3
William McCreery (1778)
1
William Temple Franklin (1779)
1
William Temple Franklin (1780)
1
William Temple Franklin (1781)
3
William Vernon Jr. (1778)
1
William Vernon Sr. (1778)
1
William Vernon Sr. (1780)
1
de la Lande & Fynje (1782)
10
loan consortium (Wilhem & Jan Willink, Nicolaas & Jacob van Staphorst, and De la Lande & Fynje) (1782)
1330
Letters From
1
Adriaan van Zeebergh (1782)
2
Adrianus Dubbeldemuts (1782)
1
Alexander Gillon (1779)
3
Alexander Gillon (1780)
1
Alexander Gillon (1781)
1
Alvarez & Havart (1782)
2
Antoine Marie Cerisier (1780)
1
Antoine Marie Cerisier (1781)
4
Antoine Marie Cerisier (1782)
1
Arnauld de Laporte (1779)
1
B. Gannan & Zoon (1782)
1
B. de Cabarrus Jeune (1780)
1
Balthasar Elias Abbema (1782)
1
Baron de Heimenthal (1780)
1
Benjamin Franklin (1778)
6
Benjamin Franklin (1779)
7
Benjamin Franklin (1780)
23
Benjamin Franklin (1781)
11
Benjamin Franklin (1782)
1
Benjamin Lincoln (1782)
3
Benjamin Waterhouse (1780)
2
Benjamin Waterhouse (1781)
2
Bidé de Chavagnes (1779)
6
Bidé de Chavagnes (1780)
3
Bidé de Chavagnes (1781)
1
Charles Guillaume de Woedteke (1781)
3
Chevalier de La Luzerne (1779)
2
Committee for Foreign Affairs (1780)
1
Committee for Foreign Affairs (1781)
2
Comte de Sarsfield (1780)
1
Comte de Sarsfield (1781)
2
Comte de Vergennes (1779)
12
Comte de Vergennes (1780)
1
Comte de Vergennes (1781)
1
Comtesse de Quadt Wykeradt (1782)
1
Cornelis de Gyselaar (1782)
4
Duc de La Vauguyon (1781)
3
Duc de La Vauguyon (1782)
2
Edmé Jacques Genet (1778)
1
Edmé Jacques Genet (1779)
8
Edmé Jacques Genet (1780)
2
Elkanah Watson Jr. (1780)
3
Engelbert François van Berckel (1782)
1
F. & A. Dubbeldemuts (1781)
1
Fizeaux, Grand & Co. (1781)
1
Foreign Affairs Committee (1778)
2
François Adriaan Van der Kemp (1781)
1
François Adriaan Van der Kemp (1782)
2
François Barbé-Marbois (1779)
1
François Barbé-Marbois (1780)
1
François Teissèdre de Fleury (1780)
1
Gabriel Johonnot (1780)
1
Gabriel de Sartine (1779)
1
George Washington (1781)
2
Gerbrand Ravekes & J. G. Thin van Keulen (1782)
2
Hendrik Brouwer Chs. zoon (1782)
1
Hendrik van Blomberg (1780)
3
Herman van Bracht (1782)
1
Isaac Gouverneur (1781)
1
J. D. Schweighauser (1778)
5
J. D. Schweighauser (1779)
1
J. Rocqùette, Th. A. Elsevier, & P. Th. Rocqùette (1781)
1
Jacques Felix & Fils (1782)
1
Jacques Le Maire (1778)
1
Jan van Heukelom & Zoon (1782)
1
Jean George Holtzhey (1782)
1
Jean Henri David Uhl (1782)
19
Jean de Neufville & Fils (1781)
7
Jean de Neufville & Fils (1782)
3
Jean de Neufville (1781)
3
Jean de Neufville (1782)
3
Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol (1780)
2
Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol (1781)
5
Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol (1782)
1
Johann Christoph Baumberg (1782)
1
Johann Ulrich Pauli (1782)
1
Johannes Lousyssen & Zoon (1782)
1
John Foster Williams (1782)
2
John Thaxter Jr. (1782)
1
John van de Velde (1782)
2
Jonathan Loring Austin (1779)
1
Jonathan Loring Austin (1780)
2
Jonathan Williams (1778)
2
Jonathan Williams (1779)
2
Jonathan Williams (1780)
1
Jonathan Williams (1781)
2
Jonathan Williams III (1779)
4
Joseph Gardoqui & Sons (1780)
1
Joseph Mandrillon (1780)
1
Joseph Mandrillon (1781)
1
Joseph Mathias Gérard de Rayneval (1780)
1
Joseph Stephens (Stevens) (1782)
1
Laurent Bérenger (1781)
3
Leendert de Neufville (1782)
1
Leray de Chaumont (1778)
2
Leray de Chaumont (1779)
1
Louis François Rolandeau (1778)
1
M. de Chapeaurouge (1780)
1
M. de Kemtenstrauss (1780)
1
Marquis de Lafayette (1779)
1
Marquis de Lafayette (1780)
3
Marquis de Lafayette (1782)
1
Massachusetts Council (1780)
1
Massachusetts General Court (1780)
2
Mercy Otis Warren (1778)
1
Mercy Otis Warren (1779)
4
Mercy Otis Warren (1780)
1
Mercy Otis Warren (1782)
1
Michel Lagoanere (1779)
1
Mme. V. Chabanel (1782)
1
Monitor (pseudonym) (1782)
1
Muscoe Livingston (1779)
1
Muscoe Livingston (1780)
1
Nathanael Greene (1782)
1
Nicholas Toussaint Lemoyne des Essarts (1778)
8
Nicolaas & Jacob van Staphorst (1782)
3
Nicolas Maurice Gellée (1779)
1
Pahin Champlain de La Blancherie (1779)
1
Peter Boylston Adams (1776)
1
Peter Cunningham (1777)
1
Peter Frederick Dobrée (1779)
3
Philippe André Joseph de Létombe (1781)
2
Pieter van Bleiswyck (1782)
2
President of Congress (1779)
2
President of Congress (1780)
4
President of Congress (1781)
1
Richard B. Lloyd (1779)
1
Richard Henry Lee (1778)
2
Richard Henry Lee (1779)
1
Richard Henry Lee (1780)
1
Robert Montgomery (1778)
2
Robert Montgomery (1779)
2
Robert Montgomery (1780)
3
Robert R. Livingston (1781)
8
Robert R. Livingston (1782)
1
Rodolph Valltravers (1782)
1
Samuel Cooper Johonnot (1780)
1
Samuel Huntington, president of Congress (1779)
1
Trustees of Dartmouth College (1782)
6
Wilhem & Jan Willink (1782)
2
William Carmichael (1780)
1
William Churchill Houston (1780)
3
William MacCreery (1778)
3
William MacCreery (1779)
1
William MacCreery (1781)
3
William Temple Franklin (1781)
1
William Vernon Jr. (1778)
4
William Vernon Sr. (1778)
1
William Vernon Sr. (1779)
1
William Vernon Sr. (1780)
1
William Vernon Sr. (1782)
1
William Whitmarsh Jr. (1778)
10
loan consortium (Wilhem & Jan Willink, Nicolaas & Jacob van Staphorst, and De la Lande & Fynje) (1782)
34
Letters to, from, omitted
1
List of omitted documents
1
List of omitted documents
1
List of omitted documents
1
List of omitted documents
1
List of omitted documents
1
from Ann Torkington Jebb listed (1786)
1
from Charles Storer listed (1786)
1
from Jean Balthazar, Comte d'Adhémar, listed (1786)
1
from John Singleton and Susanna Clarke Copley listed (1786)
1
from John Thaxter listed (1786)
1
from John and Katherine Farnham Hay listed (1785)
1
from John and Lucy Ludwell Paradise listed (1785)
1
from Lucy Ludwell Paradise listed (1786)
1
from Marquis de Lafayette listed (1785)
2
from Richard Cranch listed (1786)
5
from William Vaughan listed (1786)
1
to Cotton Tufts listed (1787)
1
to Isaac Smith Sr. listed (1786)
1
to Mary Smith Cranch listed (1762)
1
to Richard Cranch listed (1784)
1
to Richard Cranch listed (1786)
1
to Richard Cranch listed (1787)
1
to William Smith listed (1786)
94
Massachusetts Issues
16
drafting and adoption of Constitution of 1780
16
instituting government
6
General Court dispute over appointment of officers
5
delay in sending accounts to the congress
5
gubernatorial election of 1780
3
importance of loyalists in Boston
3
election and powers of governor
2
paper currency (1749-1751)
2
size of congressional delegation
1
Hancock and governorship
1
authority in parole case
1
candidates for governor
1
delegation's lack of influence in congress
1
impeachment of Peter Oliver
1
ostensible support for existing government
1
removal of king's name from documents
1
Adams faction in politics
490
Military Interests
72
Administration and policy
6
education in military science
6
inducements to enlistees
5
weapons- and arms-making
4
need for exact intelligence
5
professionalism in army
2
advice from field officers necessary
2
rewards and punishments
1
consequences of lagging troop strength
1
operations and congress
1
treatment of war prisoners
73
Appointment and qualities of officers
10
information on officers requested
9
appointment of general officers
6
respect for and powers of Washington
4
assessment of Mass. officers
4
officers faulted and praised
4
sending “southern” generals to Boston
3
appointment of officers by General Court
2
Charles Lee as commander
2
complaints about Washington
2
importance of Du Coudray
1
Gates for Northern Department
1
foreigners as commanders
1
general quality of officers
1
impatience with emphasis on rank
1
preference for Gates over Schuyler
1
refusal to bypass a commander in making a recommendation
1
resignation of officers
22
Battles and campaigns
7
Canada expedition and causes of failure
5
impending British attack on N.Y.
1
account of Bunker Hill requested
23
Defense
20
blockade and defense of Boston Harbor
217
Naval matters
32
need to deploy French and Spanish fleets to Amer. waters
22
reinforcement of French fleet in America
13
strength and deployment of British fleet
12
strength, status, and operations of Continental Navy
8
naval balance in West Indies and Amer. waters
7
Franco-Spanish naval effort in America
7
vulnerability of British supply lines
5
U.S. as source of naval stores
5
promotion of row galleys
4
French and British fleets in America
4
Ternay's fleet at Brest
4
information sought on naval resources in Mass.
4
on Bonhomme Richard squadron
4
operations of British and French fleets in West Indies and Amer. waters
3
Amer. naval establishment in Europe
3
and repair and refitting of Alliance
3
attack on British whale fishery
3
on Landais and crew of the Alliance
3
revision of naval regulations
2
British desire for maritime supremacy
2
British naval successes
2
French determination to pursue naval war in America
2
on operations and provision of French fleet in Amer. waters
2
operations in Amer. waters
1
Boyle-Walsingham's fleet
1
Gillon's effort to obtain ships for S.C. navy
1
curbing British naval power
1
fleet suggested to James Warren
1
laments lack of captures by navy
1
naval and marine committees evaluated
1
on condition of French and Spanish navies
1
promise of McNeill and Manley
1
“A Navy is our natural and our only adequate defense”
1
“A Navy is our only Defence”
1
“one Sailor will do Us more good than two Soldiers”
30
Tactical and strategic concerns
5
demand for Amer. offensive moves
2
consultation with Washington and officers
1
American inexperience in war
1
British evacuation of Boston
1
confidence war in Europe will help
1
importance of upper St. Lawrence River
1
inactivity in Boston area
1
prospect of a European coalition against America
1
union of forces of Howe and Burgoyne
6
nature and strength of Continental Army
5
British army in America
5
British campaign in the South
5
Continental Army officer corps
4
Europe and conduct of Amer. war
2
British position in America
2
Franco-American military cooperation
2
impossibility of British victory
1
1774 expectations for progress of war
1
on Britain's conduct of war
1
possible British evacuation of N.Y.
1
war “is now generally considered as a Contest of Finances”
2013
Opinions and Beliefs
51
Armed Neutrality
20
significance of and prospects for
4
extending Franco-Amer. alliance to
2
and recognition of Amer. independence
2
consequences of Anglo-Dutch war for
1
British and French replies to declaration of
1
embargo by, against Britain
1
objectives of St. Petersburg congress on
71
Britain and America
11
possibility of reconciliation
8
legal status of Americans
6
Declaration of the Causes of Taking up Arms
1
Address to the People of Britain
1
Continental Association
1
effect of Lexington and Concord on Britain
241
Britain
12
ill-considered policies of
11
determination to prosecute the war
11
parliamentary proceedings
10
prospects for Anglo-Dutch war
9
determination to carry on war
6
expulsion from U.S. necessary for peace
6
on county association movement
6
on rumors circulated in Europe by
5
ability to sustain war effort
5
illusory nature of Anglo-American bonds
5
potential economic and political losses due to Amer. independence
4
George III's speech at prorogation of Parliament
4
tricks and chicanery of
4
will embroil all Europe in war
3
Anglo-Spanish negotiations
3
conciliatory bills and Carlisle Commission
3
consequences of Amer. reconciliation with
3
effect of continuing Anglo-American war
3
on vote to abolish Board of Trade
2
Pitt's doctrine on Amer. independence
3
acknowledgment of independence by
2
anecdote on Amer. ingratitude toward
2
as natural enemy of U.S.
2
domination of high seas by
2
impossibility of Amer. conquest
2
must resort to fear and tyranny
2
need to drive from U.S.
2
opposition's “hunger for the Loaves and Fishes” of office
2
use of word “rebel” for Americans
1
Anglo-French naval and commercial rivalry
1
British policy keeps Dutch “in that State of Division, Sloth and Inactivity, from which they [the British] derive So much Plunder,
with so much Safety”
1
a nation on “Brink of Civil War”
1
attitude toward war's outbreak
2
consequence of victory by
1
desire for peace by people in
1
effect of military successes on
1
future of Anglo-American relations
1
future status as a power
1
impossibility of conquering U.S.
1
inevitable loss of colonies in North America
1
like Attila: “The Scourge of God and the Plague of Mankind”
1
on bringing the British to reason
1
on informing of mission to negotiate treaties with
1
past enforcement of navigation acts
1
political situation in England
1
revenge as basis for policy of
1
spread of false rumors by ministry
1
unwillingness to acknowledge Amer. independence by
1
“Either Absolute Monarchy, or a Republic”
1
“Gangreene of Corruption” in
2
“Obstinate and desperate in a wicked and disgraceful Cause”
1
“The English . . . dont love their Ennemies like good Christians, but they love to have Ennemies”
1
“The Quarrell with Holland is the most Serious Affair, that England has ever undertaken”
30
Colleagues in Europe
3
Dana and Russian mission
1
Deane, “A flippant Tongue and a fluent Pen, are enough to obtain the Character of Shrewd, without any Judgment in the Head or
Solidity in the Heart”
1
Franklin wants to “sweep Europe clear of every Minister but himself, that he might have a clear unrivalled Stage”
1
Franklin, “That I have no Friendship for Franklin I avow. That I am incapable of having any with a Man of his moral Sentiments, I
avow”
21
Continental Congress
3
conduct of foreign affairs by
1
Deane's address as attack on
1
need to appoint peace negotiators
1
need to end disputes between its representatives in Europe
1
need to scrutinize those entrusted with public money
1
on appointment of members to office
1
on his conduct if called as witness in Deane-Lee affair by
1
on the congress' treatment of
21
Diplomacy
3
relations with diplomatic corps at The Hague
2
congressional instructions
2
nature and content of Livingston's letters
1
Congress by “subjecting them [U.S. ministers] to the French Ministry is, I say it freely, chaining them Hand and Foot. Those Chains I will never wear”
1
Russia's foreign policy objectives
1
hardships endured in course of
1
quality of U.S. ministers in Europe
1
taking independent course on
1
“Either Congress should recall all their Ministers from Europe, and leave all Negotiations to the French Ministry, or they must support their ministers against all Insinuations”
95
Europe
12
attitude toward Amer. Revolution
7
recognition of U.S. by nations of
5
compares European and Amer. civilization, economy
3
as market for U.S. agricultural products
3
future Amer. commercial interests in
3
future treaties between U.S. and
2
Amer. diplomatic representation in
2
consequences of British success for
2
dissemination of Amer. constitutions in
2
importance of ceremony and titles in
2
politics and diplomacy of
1
German commerce in mercenaries
1
access to U.S. markets for
1
consequences of Anglo-Dutch war on
1
effect of Amer. Revolution on
1
interest in Amer. constitutions
1
occupation of Canada and Nova Scotia a “Foundation for future Wars”
1
on propriety of individual states raising loans in
1
on ultimate settlement of Anglo-American conflict in Europe
1
political machinations of Americans in Europe
1
reaction to congress' actions regarding finances in
1
“the Corruption of the Heart, and the debasement of the Understanding is very nearly equal in all the nations of Europe, and
therefore that America can never be too much upon her Guard against them all”
32
Finance and economy
3
domestic loans and interest
2
expenditures for luxury goods
1
consequences of delayed nonexportation
1
shipbuilding to replace fishing
1
“I am against all shackles upon Trade”
84
France
22
Franco-American treaties
5
Franco-American relations
3
attachment to Amer. cause
2
Franco-American commerce
2
compensation for loss of Fair Play by
2
need for loans or subsidies from
2
reaction to Amer. revaluation of currency
1
Franco-Austrian relations
1
Saratoga as catalyst for treaties with U.S.
1
agreement with U.S. on repayment of loans
1
anti-American prejudice in
1
as natural ally of U.S.
1
attitude toward war's outbreak
1
commitment to successful prosecution of war
1
compares threat to U.S. from Britain and
1
confidence of Amer. people in
1
denies that supplies from, were a gift
1
does not wish to recover Canada
1
effect of Franco-Amer. Convention (1800)
1
effect of expenditures in U.S.
1
fails to communicate intelligence
1
need for appointment of consul to
2
not essential to success
1
opposition in to obtaining Dutch recognition
1
possessions in the West Indies
1
reaction to Deane's address in
1
relations with Netherlands
1
religious differences between U.S. and
1
splendor of, not necessary for America
1
sufficiency of aid from
1
support for Amer. Revolution by
1
“Alliance with France a Rock upon which We safely build”
1
“Are We to be beholden to France for our Liberties?”
1
need for cooperation with forces of, in America
84
Great Britain
10
prospects for Anglo-Amer. peace
6
significance of Cornwallis' surrender
3
Fox's proposals to settle Anglo-Dutch War
3
George III's speech at opening of Parliament
3
political and military situation of
3
relations between Netherlands and
2
prospect of alliance between Austria and
2
resolution of Anglo-Dutch war
1
George III's “mulish Stubbornness”
1
Portugal as “an English Colony”
1
attitudes in toward U.S. independence
1
dangers of Americans going to
1
debt of, versus that of U.S.
1
effect of U.S. victories on
1
evacuation of New York and Charleston
1
motives of, in printing captured letter
1
outcome of war with U.S.: “If the Lion is killed Young Hercules will have the Skin”
1
public opinion in, “It is no great matter whether what is Said is well Said or not, provided the Nation is made to talk and think
of what is right”
1
refusal to repeal tax on tea
1
relations with France and Spain
1
retention of N. Amer. territory means “she will be forever at War with the United States . . . and at last can no more hold it,
then her Navy can rule the Moon”
1
self-destructive policies of
1
unenthusiastic about resolution against war
1
“Never was an Empire ruined in so short a time”
1
“Thus it is that an Empire has, in a Frenzy, committed Suicide”
1
“vainest People upon Earth”
1
“will not cease to be the Tyrant of the Ocean until She ceases to be the Tyrant of America”
13
Human Nature and Relations
3
self-defense and revenge
1
“Friendship, I take it, is one of the distinguishing Glorys of man”
30
Independence
4
Declaration of Independence
3
steps that should precede
2
Prohibitory Act as virtual
2
debate on resolution for
1
advises Mass. against declaring separately
1
answers to opponents of a declaration
1
changes that will come with
1
independent governments as step to
1
urges Mass. to instruct on
1
urges indirect means toward
1
“We cannot march faster than our Constituents”
15
Independent governments
3
will reduce toryism and strengthen whigs
1
“Governments must be assumed or Anarchy reign, and God knows the Consequence”
1
“can be done only on popular Principles and Maxims”
1
“the most difficult and dangerous Part of the Business . . . in this mighty Contest”
79
Individuals
2
Montagnini di Mirabello
1
D. W. de Lynden van Blitterswyck
12
Ireland
3
volunteer and nonimportation movements in
2
committees of correspondence in
1
compares clashes with British troops with those at Boston
1
effect of Anglo-American peace on
1
efforts to repeal Poyning's Law and Irish Declaratory Act
1
significance of events in
6
Local Issues
2
defends whigs and General Court
1
General Court's meeting in Cambridge
1
boundary settlement with N.Y.
1
“The Dye is cast: The People have passed the River and cutt away the Bridge: last Night Three Cargoes of Tea, were emptied into the
Harbour”
30
Mediation
10
will necessitate recognition of U.S.
9
proposal for Anglo-Amer. negotiations under Austro-Russian
3
cannot accept truce under Austro-Russian
3
conditions under which U.S. could accept truce under Austro-Russian
2
Austro-Russian, of Anglo-French war
1
preconditions for, of Anglo-Dutch war
216
Miscellaneous
5
Spanish recognition of U.S.
5
seriousness of smallpox
4
Dana's mission to Russia
3
Austro-Russian mediation
3
JQA's return to The Hague
3
history and documentation of the war
3
lawsuits in Dutch courts
3
promotion of English language
3
shift in focus of French and Spanish military operations
3
speculation by Americans on London stock market
2
Amer. “Croakers” or complainers
2
Battle of the Dogger Bank
3
North-South differences
2
civil suits as deterrent to official misconduct
2
decline of wisdom and virtue in America
2
defense of reputation of Mass.
2
importance of fisheries
2
jealousy and envy of position and success
4
origins and nature of Amer. Revolution
2
political philosophy of
2
political situation in Massachusetts
2
private gain in public service
2
proposals to settle Anglo-Dutch war
1
1774 non-exportation resolutions
1
British Navy in wake of Dogger Bank
1
Franklin's theory of colds and the fate of statesmen
1
French obstruction of efforts of
1
JQA's residence in Russia
1
Mazzei's efforts to borrow money
1
Pennsylvania constitution
1
Providence and the Amer. Revolution
1
accusation that he purchased British goods
1
agriculture as “essential interest” of U.S. and Mass.
1
army career aid to development
1
as Ploughjogger, on ministers, physicians, and lawyers
1
as Ploughjogger, on poverty
1
being separated from AA
1
capture of Dutch sloop Chester
1
compares French and Indian War with Amer. Revolution
1
consequences of raising Dutch loan with Fizeaux, Grand & Co.
1
conservatives in Congress
1
criticism of as “the most groundless abuse possible”
1
decision making by sovereigns and nations
1
diplomats: “Their Etiquette, will Spill the Blood of Millions”
1
effect of British credit to Amer. merchants
1
evaluates loss of St. Eustatius
1
failings of “great Men”
1
fear of “Chain of Toryism”
1
financial distress of ministers around Braintree
1
frustration with Congress' issuing of bills of exchange
1
giving advice to close friends
1
human nature as universal
1
inability to restrain free press
1
inadequacies of past French military strategy
1
involvement in case of Curson and Gouverneur
1
lack of letters from friends in Massachusetts
1
leaks of information to London newspapers
1
leaving Thaxter in Netherlands
1
military success the basis for diplomatic
1
national and state powers under Arts. of Confederation
1
nature of Russian government
1
need for patience in diplomacy
1
need to resolve U.S. budget crisis
1
not resorting to personalities in political career
1
opposition party in Pennsylvania
1
origins, justification, and effect of “this immortal Declaration” of Independence
1
patriotism, public service, and historiography
1
political strength and military situation in U.S.
1
presentation of credentials
1
problems arising from expenditure of funds in Europe
1
proposed partition of U.S.
1
proposes equal treatment of U.S. and Britain
1
right of citizens to resist tyranny
1
rumored sale of Amer. masts to British
1
suggests U.S. embargo on naval stores
1
support for Articles of Confederation
1
the corruption of nations
1
triumph of Amer. spirit
1
triumph of “Honest Wisdom” over Machiavellian politics
1
uselessness of endless negotiations
1
vanity motive to action
1
warns against partisanship
1
wary of French influence
1
“A free Nation corrupted, becomes a Society of Devils”
1
“America will never consent to any Restriction whatsoever, but will finally insist on a right to trade with every Nation that will
trade with her”
1
“America, . . . has been too long Silent in Europe. Her Cause is that of all Nations and all Men: and it needs nothing but to be
explained to be approved”
1
“Human Nature seems to be employed like Sampson, taking hold of the Pillars of Tyranny”
1
“I Said I was not a British subject: that I had renounced that Character many years ago forever: and that I should rather be a
fugitive in China or Malebar, than ever reassume that Character”
1
“I am Sorry that our Countrymen imitate their Ennemies, in this dirty Trick of lying, which is ever considered as a Proof of
weakness, and never answers the End”
1
“It is among the Yeomanry of every Country that We are to expect to find, the Supporters of Liberty”
1
“It is worth while to go abroad, to see by what Men this World is governed—and by what Women!”
1
“Knowledge [also property] monopolized or in the Possession of a few is a Curse to mankind”
1
“Let every Colony, have its own Religion, without Molestation”
1
“Let us preserve our temper, our wisdom, our humanity and civility, though our enemies are every day renouncing theirs”
1
“Mankind will be servile to Tyrannical Masters and basely devoted to vile Idols”
1
“Many Millions, which have been wasted by the most worthless of Men”
1
“Nine tenths of the Toryism in America has arisen from Sheer Cowardice, and Avarice”
1
“Popularity is a Witch”
1
“Proud as Mankind is, their is more superiority in this World yielded than assumed”
1
“Rank, without Command, is, in my Eyes, rather ostentatious, vain and despicable”
1
“Thanks be to God, that he gave me Stubborness, when I know I am right”
1
“The Dignity of North America, does not consist in diplomatick Ceremonials, or any of the Subtilities of Etiquette: it consists
Solely in Reason, Justice, Truth, the Rights of Man kind, and the Interests of the nations of Europe”
1
“The United States have assumed their equal Station among the nations: they have assumed a Sovereignty, which they acknowledge to
hold only from God and their own Swords”
1
“There must be a free Communication of Sentiment upon public Affairs or they will Suffer”
1
“To Tyrants, Tyranny is always very dear”
1
“We have nothing to depend upon but ourselves, and Providence”
1
“[American independence] is the End and Aim of my Existence”
2
“a meaner, falser, heart, never circulated Blood” than Galloway's
1
“if the Spirit of Liberty is Subdued in America there is now an end of it in the World”
1
“inflammatory Harrangues” compared with George III's speech at opening of Parliament
1
“the whole Corps diplomatick, with all their Superb Pomp, are but a Company of Grannys”
1
“I must study Politicks and War”
See also: specific topics
19
Naval and military affairs
3
Franco-Spanish operations against Gibraltar
3
French naval operations
2
Spanish naval operations
1
Continental Navy's importance
141
Netherlands
9
prospects for Anglo-Dutch war
10
recognition of U.S. by
4
suspension of Anglo-Dutch treaties
3
and Lee-Neufville treaty
3
circumstances leading to his success in
3
crisis over call for Brunswick's dismissal
3
relations between Great Britain and
3
similarities with the U.S.
2
complexity and capriciousness of government
2
resolution of Anglo-Dutch war
2
speculations on future of U.S.
1
Amsterdam's preoccupation with removal of Duke of Brunswick
1
Amsterdam's support for U.S.
1
Battle of the Dogger Bank
1
Capellen van de Marsch's speech favoring U.S. recognition
1
Dutch language is “the Sublimest . . . of Europe, if we are to believe the People of the Netherlands, who alone understand it”
1
Dutch need to redeem themselves
1
English Church's influence at The Hague
1
Friesland's recognition of U.S.
2
Friesland's reputation for supporting liberty
1
La Vauguyon's visit to Amsterdam
1
Latin toast at meeting of Dutch Patriots
1
ability to maintain war effort
1
as model for Amer. quest for liberty
1
effect of Amsterdam's actions on the prosecution of the Anglo-Dutch war
1
effect of Austrian abrogation of Barrier Treaty on
1
exclusive trade privileges for
1
influence of Howe's Narrative in
1
instructions to Dutch privateers as recognition of U.S.
1
intrigues against him in
2
loan negotiations in, “a Man in the midst of the Ocean negotiating for his Life among a School of Sharks”
1
neutrality as true system of
1
newspaper printers and editors in
1
on Llano's comments on JA's achievement in
1
on Vergennes' view of JA's success in
1
opposition to recognition of U.S. in
1
policy of: “If it is Policy at all, it is so profound as to be perfectly incomprehensible”
3
recognition of U.S. as “the most Signal Epocha, in the History of a Century”
1
recommends U.S. end negotiations if delays continue
1
reliability of Patriots' advice
1
role in the “Revolution which has taken Place” in
1
unlikelihood of treaty in midst of Anglo-Dutch war
1
unpreparedness in “when War is unwillingly made, every thing is not done”
1
“I have been in the most curious Country, among the most incomprehensible People and under the most singular Constitution of Government in the World”
1
“I shall love the Dutch Nation, till I die”
1
“I thank God, he has enabled me to plant the Standard of the United States at the Hague, where it will wave forever”
1
“If I ever did any good since I was born, it was stirring up the pure Minds of the Dutchmen, and setting the old Batavian Spirit in
motion, after having slept so long”
1
“The Constitution of Government is so complicated and whimsical a thing, and the Temper and Character of the Nation so peculiar,
that this is considered every where as the most difficult Embassy in Europe”
1
“There is an Appetite here, for American Trade, as ravenous as that of a shark for his Prey”
1
achievement of Dutch recognition of U.S. a “Signal Tryumph”
7
North-South differences
3
importance of good relations between sections
2
southern colonies deemed aristocratic
1
southern governments dislike republics
1
“our Southern Brethren have not annexed the Same Ideas to the Words Liberty, Honour and Politeness that we have”
8
Paper money
3
concern over amount issued
1
importance of state control over money supply
1
“The Continental Currency, is the great Pillar, which Supports our Cause”
47
Peace
9
general conference proposed for Vienna
2
Olive Branch Petition (1775)
2
as Britain's only option
1
Britain will “Never ... make Peace, while they have an Army in North America”
1
joint peace commission: “My Talent, if I have one lies in making War”
1
pressures on Britain to make peace
1
unconditional submission only basis for Anglo-American peace
1
uselessness of peace commission
1
“If there is a Power upon Earth, that imagines that America, will ever appear, at a Congress, before a Minister of Great Britain,
or any other Power, in the Character of repenting Subjects, . . . that Power, is infinitely deceived”
1
“Peace will only be retarded by Relaxations and Concessions, whereas Firmness, Patience and Perseverance will insure Us a good, and
lasting one in the End”
39
Peace negotiations
10
Shelburne's policy toward
4
Laurens' refusal to participate in
2
Brit. enemies' objectives
2
possible peace conference
1
Fitzherbert's commission
1
Fox's view of recognizing U.S.
1
Jay's reported resignation from
2
Shelburne's reluctance to recognize U.S.
1
possible cession of Canada to U.S.
72
Political and diplomatic
9
forged letter from Clinton to Germain
10
Franklin as a diplomat
5
free ships make free goods
4
A. Lee's loyalty to Amer. cause
3
possible Anglo-Russian alliance
2
abolition or limitation of contraband
2
committees of correspondence
2
relations with Portugal
3
the Amer. Revolution as a great cause
2
the judiciary and fair trials
1
Penn. Constitution of 1776
1
dissention in a “foreign embassy” as disaster
1
effect of quarrels among Americans on achieving independence
1
inadvisability of U.S. ever sending representative to the Vatican
1
need to avoid factions in foreign affairs
1
political and social equality
1
political conditions in America on return
1
role of government in promoting education and the arts
1
sovereign states' need to protect flag
1
the fall of great powers
1
unacceptability of truce
1
“a government of laws and not of men”
64
Political ideas
6
basis of freedom and liberty
6
corruption and Amer. republicanism
5
formation of state governments
4
the art of the politician
4
monarchies and republics
3
“Citizens must be made to feel the force of civil laws”
3
civil power separate and supreme
1
equality of representation
1
inadequacy of governmental ideas in Common Sense
1
terms for governor and legislators
1
“Patience! Patience! Patience. The first the last and the middle Value of a Politician”
1
“The Majority must govern in Committees and Assemblies. There is — there can be no other Rule”
1
“Under a well regulated Commonwealth, the People must be wise virtuous and cannot be otherwise”
1
“We are in the very midst of a Revolution”
17
Political Theory
2
a republic is “a government of laws, and not of men”
1
superiority of civil over military officers
1
“No simple Form of Government, can possibly secure Men against the Violences of Power”
1
“no unpopular measure in a free government . . . ought ever to pass”
9
Religion
1
French Roman Catholicism no threat
1
Roman Catholic services
1
Society of Friends loyal only to selves
1
ending bigotry worth the war
34
Spain
4
Anglo-Spanish negotiations
3
Spanish-American relations
2
attitude toward the U.S.
2
concern over Jay, Carmichael, and Hussey-Cumberland negotiations
2
need for loans or subsidies from
1
Amer. Revolution as bad example for colonies of
1
and Franco-American alliance
1
effect of intervention on Amer. independence
1
insurrection in colonies
1
rumored proclamation of Amer. independence at New Orleans
1
“Gibraltar must be taken in America, if ever”
21
Trade and alliances
2
importance of foreign affairs
2
need to encourage trade
1
baleful effects of the “Spirit of Commerce”
1
has sought open ports for months
1
living without foreign luxuries
1
open ports and smuggling to the enemy
1
“Necessity will force open our ports”
1
views on trade summarized
212
United States
21
commitment to war and independence
14
revaluation of currency
12
effect and significance of victory at Yorktown
9
foreign policy and diplomatic establishment
8
finances and taxation in
6
Spain's recognition of and negotiations with
6
prospects for Anglo-Amer. peace
6
strength and self-sufficiency of
6
subordination of manufactures to agriculture in
4
free trade and expansion of Amer. trade
4
need to concentrate on winning war
3
communication with Congress
3
freedom of the press in
2
Dana's correspondence with Vérac on Russian policy toward
2
annexation of Canada and Nova Scotia by
2
appointment of consuls by
2
dangers of Anglo-American reconciliation
2
impetus given manufactures by war
2
importance of Armed Neutrality for
2
recognition of by European nations
3
“Your Veterans in Diplomaticks and in Affairs of State consider Us as a kind of Militia”
1
Amer. Revolution's effect on European governments
1
Anglo-French competition for
1
Austro-Russian mediation proposals as de facto recognition of
1
admission of foreign ships into ports of
1
attitude toward and consequences of reconciliation
1
causes of Amer. Revolution
1
debt of, versus that of Britain
1
defense of Fort Griswold
1
deplores change in manners
1
diplomatic relations with other nations
1
duties on importation of luxuries
1
effect of Austrian abrogation of Barrier Treaty on
1
effect of Battle of Eutaw Springs
1
effect of Russian recognition of
1
effect of recognition of, by Armed Neutrality
1
foreigners seek to serve in
1
freedom of conscience in
1
importance of military victories for
1
inability of one individual to subvert revolution
1
inability to recommend foreign officers for service in
1
increase in population, wealth, and power of
1
influence of his commission to Netherlands on French policy
1
interstate commerce and national unity
1
lack of established social or religious hierarchy in
1
need for learned societies in
1
need for military and political intelligence from
1
neutrality as true system of
1
neutrality of “in all future wars”
1
organization of prewar nonimportation associations
1
outcome of war with Britain: “If the Lion is killed Young Hercules will have the Skin”
1
receiving first reports of Eutaw Springs and Yorktown
1
recommends ending negotiations with Netherlands and Spain if delays continue
1
redemption of Loan Office certificates
1
rejection of Conciliatory Acts
1
revolution as “the Peoples War”
1
sanctity of Franco-Amer. treaties
1
struggle for independence
1
treaties between European nations and
1
truth, sincerity, and candor, real strength of
1
will become “one of the most flourishing and powerfull States in the World”
1
women's support for independence
1
“America has been the Sport of European Wars and Politicks long enough”
1
“America is the City, set upon a Hill”
1
“America must grow up in War”
1
“America, who will be Carriers, and I hope forever Neuters”
1
“Americans must be Soldiers and Seamen”
1
“Americans must be Soldiers, ... they have no other Security”
1
“There is no Position so advantageous for Negotiation, as when We have all an Ennemies Armies Prisoners”
1
“the greatest Revolution that ever took Place among Men”
1
“the true American System will be Peace, eternal Peace”
1
“would advise perpetual war” rather than abrogate treaties with France
7
Virtue
1
charge of vanity as “the last Resource of little Wits and mercenary Quacks”
1
need for individuals to stand for what they believe in
1
“An honest Man has never any thing to do for his Justification, but to wait for the Testimonies of his Enemies”
1
“Honesty always turns out right. Iniquity never makes Joints and Squares”
1
“a Man may give offence and yet succeed. The very Measures necessary for Success may be pretended to give offence”
22
War and peace
7
confident victory obtainable
3
desire and prospects for peace
3
Amer. need to press war effort
1
Franco-Spanish war effort
1
“Our Bayonets, under God must be our Defence”
6
compliance with Treaty of Paris
5
Article 4, Bill of Rights
4
possible treaty between U.S. and Barbary States
4
foundation for colonies' rights
2
changes opinion of Plato
2
disapproves of indiscriminate mob action
2
trial in Admiralty was interference with right of trial by jury
2
“The Law comes not by Inspiration”
3
“no being in Nature [is] so dissagreable as a Lady at Sea”
1
Amer. Revolution “is the most interesting chapter in the history of the world”
1
Amer. poetry and art versus European
1
Americans “must be content to be poor and vain and despised”
1
Anglo-French commercial treaty
1
Brit. shipping capacity
1
Britain's lack of appreciation for scholarly pursuits
1
England is “a fine Country, undone by Prosperity. It has the Vertigo in the Head”
1
Jefferson's response to critiques
1
Jonathan Sewall as replacement as minister to Britain
1
Lord Abingdon and Shelburne's sentiments toward U.S.
1
Matthew Robinson-Morris
1
U.S. economic situation
1
admires Brit. constitution
1
admires Catharine Macaulay
1
cares nothing for further success, now that country is out of danger
1
comments on extent of jury's power
1
competitiveness of Mass. shipping
1
continuing exclusion of loyalists
1
criticizes Society of the Cincinnati
2
cultural aspirations for family
1
death of Lucy Quincy Tufts
1
decline of ancient cultures through luxury and vice teaches valuable lessons
1
decline of real property in Boston
1
defines a happy life as “Health and Competence, with a clear Conscience among People who esteem and love you”
1
encourages envoy to confide in fiancée
1
feels British newspaper criticism testifies to his honesty
1
feels no obligation to justify religious beliefs
1
has been “unfortunate in private life, [but] uniformly successful as a public man”
1
ideal of a sober, industrious youth
2
imagines rapid travel by balloon
1
impossibility of U.S. reunification with Britain
1
navigation act passed by Mass. General Court
1
on George Ill's speech at accession to throne
1
on Otis' Rights of the British Colonies
1
on possible revolutions in Europe incited by Amer. Revolution
2
on reopening the courts and establishing state governments
1
opinion of Portland, Fox, and Burke
2
opposition to Acts of Trade
1
praises Cato and condemns Caesar
1
praises Massachusetts' Navigation Act
1
praises Sarah Siddons' acting
1
praises classical orators
1
prefers French to English cooking
1
promotion of manufacturing and agriculture in U.S.
1
quality of Amer. men and women
1
recommends U.S. impose navigation acts
1
requisites for virtuous citizens
1
suspicious of law students at London's Temples
1
taxation in Europe versus U.S.
1
thinks Court life lonely for the virtuous
1
thinks European universities a bad model for Harvard
1
thinks diplomats in London less respectable than in Paris or The Hague
1
weaknesses of Articles of Confederation
1
“A Church is a voluntary society of Christians ... a Body politick”
1
“Bread earned on a Farm is simple but sure. That which depends upon Politicks is as uncertain as they”
1
“I shall part with Mr. Jefferson, with great Regret”
1
“Our Country is grown, or at least has been dishonest. She has broke her Faith with Nations, and with her own Citizens”
1
“The more We pursue these Speculations the higher Sense We shall have ... that all which now Appears irregular will be found to be Design”
1
“The passions of man ... are contagious”
1
“a Slur may not hurt a Man in America so much as in [Europe]”
1
“deep and subtle systems of Corruption” will be used to undermine America
1
“feelings of every American Minister in Europe have been wantonly sacrificed to Dr. F[ranklin]'s vanity”
1
“it is by the female world, that the greatest and best characters among men are formed”
1
“the People of America, choose to [have] their Ambassadors abroad despized”
1
“the polite life in Europe is such an insipid round of headdressing and play”
1
“the want of Industry, and the Excess of luxury in our Merchants”
1
compares own trials to those of Job
1
concern over Confederation-state relations
1
defends diplomatic record
1
sees reward for public sacrifices in Heaven
1
“I have lost all my Correspondents in Congress”
1
“it is my unalterable Resolution, not to remain in Europe, consuming in vain but unavoidable Ostentation, the Labour of my fellow Citizens”
1
“my political Career is run. I will wind off as decently as I can”
1
“will never be a Slave . . . to keep a Place, or to get a Place”
1
arrested persons sent to England for trial
1
authority of Parliament
1
payment for destroyed tea
1
voluntary support for defense of Britain
1
fears the “putrid streets of Paris”
1
on nepotism and lack of law training among the Hutchinsons and Olivers
3566
Public Life
60
Continental Congress
10
drafts Treaty Plan of 1776
5
retires from Congress in 1777 with expectations of resuming law practice
3
and Declaration of Independence
3
appointed to First Continental Congress in 1774
2
failure of Howe peace commission
2
granted leave from, in 1777
3
on committee to decide appeals from state Admiralty courts in prize cases
3
on committee to draft rules for government of navy in 1775
3
signs Continental Association in 1774
2
supports efforts to show that independence is in French interest
2
“Bill of Rights; A List of Grievances” (1774)
1
Baptist leaders meet with Mass. delegation to discuss complaints
1
advocates establishment of new state governments
1
advocates independence in
1
and authorship of Treaty Plan of 1776
1
declines diplomatic appointments by (1776 and 1777)
1
differences of opinion in Congress
1
leading part in establishment of Continental Navy
1
on committee to draft resolve in 1775 on prizes and privateers
2
on committee to revise articles of war
1
on committees considering Wrixon's appointment
1
presides over Board of War and Ordnance
1
re-elected to Continental Congress
1
service on Board of War and Ordnance
1
service with Livingston in
1
signs Continental Association (1774)
1
on committee to draft Declaration of Independence
44
Continental Congress, 1774
4
speeches, motions, and reports in
3
service in and comments on proceedings of
2
service in and notes on proceedings of
2
service discussed and documented
1
“I dread the Thought of the Congress's falling short of the Expectations of the Continent”
1
JA's notes on debates of
75
Continental Congress, 1775
29
Continental Congress, 13 Sept.-9 Dec. 1775
2
supports committee visiting army in Cambridge
1
broadens scope of inquiry into British depredations
1
divisions among Mass. delegates
1
service discussed and documented
13
Continental Congress, 10 May-1 Aug. 1775
1
divisions among Mass. delegates
1
payment for expenses at
1
service discussed and documented
1
urges assumption of responsibility for troops in Mass.
10
speeches, motions, and reports in
8
JA's reelection and journeys to
3
JA's reelection to, journeys to, and service in
3
service in and comments on proceedings of
1
CFA on JA's committee work
61
Continental Congress, 1775-1776
26
desire for information from Mass.
15
work and deliberations of, characterized
13
desire to retire from public life
7
rotation of delegates desired
See also: Declaration of Independence
See also: Naval Committee
See also: Treaties
130
Continental Congress, 1776
41
Continental Congress, 9 Feb.-27 Aug. 1776
3
contribution to Declaration of Independence
3
drafts Plan of Treaties
4
institution of new governments
2
officeholding by members of the congress
1
service discussed and documented
1
wins resolution requiring reports from army
1
would count slaves in assessing Continental taxes
18
speeches, motions, and reports in
6
JA's reelection and journey to
7
chairman of Board of War and Ordnance
6
tries to resign but General Court does not relieve him
6
committee to confer with Lord Howe on Staten Island
5
proposal to General Court for alteration of “Plan of Delegation” to Congress
5
service in and notes on proceedings of
4
committee to draft Declaration of Independence
2
JA's reelection to and journey to
3
drafts plan for a military establishment
2
mission to Staten Island for
2
presents the Temples' claim for damages to Ten Hills Farm
2
sends AA his autograph copy of Jefferson's draft of Declaration
2
service in and comments on proceedings of
1
committee to design Boston evacuation medal
2
committee to design Great Seal of U.S.
1
committee to revise Articles of War
1
confusion over payment of his salary
1
defends Wooster and Hopkins in censure motion
1
drafts “Plan of Treaties”
46
Continental Congress, 1776-1777
4
maintenance of confidentiality
4
committee on conference with Lord Howe
2
committee on post office
1
committee on Ticonderoga's loss
1
committee on army's Northern Department
1
journey to congress (1777)
1
committee on loyalist Friends
2
returns from congress (1776)
1
returns from congress (1777)
1
role in securing Boston Naval Board
1
signs Charlestown petition
1
supports protection for Moravians
1
committee on suspected loyalist
1
to report to House of Representatives
1
writes resolve on Washington's pardoning power
1
Committee of Appeals (admiralty)
38
Continental Congress, 1777
4
and Charlestown petition for compensation
4
chairman of Board of War and Ordnance
4
committee to revise regulations of post office
3
committee of inquiry into evacuation of Ticonderoga
2
flight from Philadelphia to Lancaster and York
2
return from York to Braintree
2
views on wages, prices, embargoes, and law of supply and demand
1
JA's reelection to and journey to
1
and “a pair of spurs” for Wilkinson
1
circulates Frederick the Great's motto on discipline in newspapers
1
committee on captured papers incriminating N.J. Quakers
1
committee to report on “the state of the northern department”
1
committee to view fortifications on Delaware River
1
interest in international banking arrangements and loans
1
journeys from Baltimore to Philadelphia
1
on his own role on naval committee
1
proposes “new Election of general Officers annually”
1
service in and comments on proceedings of
13
Diplomacy
3
proposed Austro-Russian mediation
3
commission to negotiate a triple or quadruple alliance
2
Minister to London, 1785-88
3
appointment as Joint Commissioner to France ends career as practicing lawyer
1
concerned with Amer. whaling industry
1
declines nomination as joint commissioner to France
401
Diplomacy, 1777-1779, 1st Joint Commission at Paris
61
Official relations
14
correspondence with Vergennes over charges against A. Lee
8
Franklin-Jones-Bonhomme Richard
7
discussions with Izard over the negotiation of the Franco-American treaties
3
conduct of French government toward
56
Commissioners' conduct of business
10
lack of intelligence from America
6
need to appoint consuls
6
contribution to their work
5
as chief administrator of business
3
and W. T. Franklin's secret mission to Dieppe
2
favors meeting between Franklin and van Berckel on proposed Dutch-American treaty
1
final act as Commissioner
1
on difficulty of doing business
1
on probable dissolution of Joint Commission
1
on settling accounts with congress
1
personal appeal to, for aid and patronage
2
reduction to one recommended
1
rumored to have corresponded with British ministry
36
Congress and the Joint Commission
14
considers charges against JA
14
failure to recall or appoint to new position
2
appoints Franklin minister plenipotentiary
1
held in favor by congress
34
Relations with colleagues
9
efforts to remain neutral between A. Lee and Franklin
8
on Franklin's appointment as minister to France
3
on relations between the Commissioners
3
over appointment of agent for prisoner exchange
3
over payment of salaries to Izard and W. Lee
2
with A. Lee over Jonathan Williams' accounts
21
commission and preparation
5
acceptance urged and accepted
1
attitude toward commission
16
Personal appeals for aid and patronage
15
End of Commission and return to America
6
disappointment at not returning on the Alliance
4
acts as Franklin's agent in regard to Alliance and prisoner exchange
2
desire to return to America
1
Jenings on need for, to continue public service
1
on activities at Nantes, Brest, and Lorient
1
rumored appointment to Netherlands
14
uncertainty posed for, by lack of instructions from Congress
14
Commissioners' residence at Passy
8
accounts and expenditures at
4
asks A. Lee to move to Passy
12
election and preparation
4
controversy over commission
1
motives for accepting commission
11
Commissioners' quarrels
8
and Deane-Lee controversy
7
Propaganda efforts
7
letters from America for publication in Affaires de l'Angleterre
6
arrival in Paris and Passy
5
return journey from Paris to Braintree
5
power to negotiate with European powers under
4
correspondence with Congress
7
sea voyage and land journey via Bordeaux to Paris
3
election and commission
3
security of correspondence
2
joint mission dissolved
2
negotiations attended by “many Disagreable Circumstances ... many Difficulties”
2
problems created by “half anglified Americans” in Paris
4
proceedings, correspondence, and relations of the commissioners
2
return journey and voyage from Paris to Braintree
3
secret embarkation and voyage to France
2
learns of and accepts his appointment
2
analyzes European political situation
2
memorial on deployment of French ships in Amer. waters
2
Franklin's proposed mission to Netherlands (1778) and
2
recommends dissolution of commission
2
“The Scaffold is cutt away, and I am left kicking and sprawling in the Mire”
1
Jonathan Loring Austin serves as his secretary
1
replaces Silas Deane in Paris
1
charges by Committee of 13 against
1
condemns Deane's address “To the Free and Virtuous Citizens of America”
1
efforts to raise Dutch loan
1
relations among Commissioners
1
memorial to Vergennes on French military operations
1
appointed to succeed Deane in Paris
539
Diplomacy, 1779-1781, Mission to Negotiate Anglo-American Treaties
360
election and preparation
31
prospects for peace and negotiations
19
exchanges with Vergennes over revaluation
9
Congress revokes commissions
9
commended for representations on revaluation
9
conflict with Vergennes over execution of
11
efforts to promote peace negotiations
9
appointment and commission
8
conflict with Vergennes over Franco-American alliance
8
Congress' response to exchanges with Vergennes
7
congress sets salary for
7
discusses revaluation with Chaumont
7
nature and scope of instructions
7
presentation to Louis XVI
7
proposals for a separate peace
6
reactions to election to negotiate Anglo-American treaties
5
and an Anglo-American commercial treaty
5
commissions and instructions to negotiate Anglo-American treaties
5
summoned to Paris to confer on Austro-Russian mediation
4
discusses Austro-Russian mediation with Vergennes
4
election of secretary for
4
need for recognition of U.S. greatest obstacle to negotiations
4
pressure to accept election to negotiate Anglo-American treaties
3
Congress revokes power to negotiate commercial treaty
3
Franklin complains to Congress about
3
Newfoundland fisheries as sine qua non of commercial treaty
3
Vergennes circumscribes powers of
3
Vergennes' response to comments on proposal for Anglo-Amer. negotiations under Austro-Russian mediation
3
admonished for corr. with Vergennes
3
advises Franklin on the Alliance
3
and general peace conference at Vienna
3
appointment superseded by joint peace commission
3
confers with Vergennes about Austro-Russian mediation
4
corr. with Vergennes on mediation
3
exchange with Vergennes over revaluation
3
lacks diplomatic status in France
3
lacks intelligence from America
3
nominated as minister to Spain
3
nominated to go to Netherlands
3
refuses Franklin's advice to apologize to Vergennes
4
relationship with Franklin
3
rumors regarding mission and Anglo-American peace
3
seeks meeting with Vergennes
3
sends intelligence to Sartine and Vergennes
3
Austro-Russian mediation (1781)
2
acts as “Minister to the Court of St. James”
2
confers with Rayneval about Austro-Russian mediation
2
determination to present views to French government
2
fishing rights as factor in election
2
importance of fisheries and Mississippi navigation
2
negotiation of commercial treaty
2
on Franklin's excessive duties as minister
2
refers to “the free and virtuous Citizens of America”
1
Dana's commission as secretary
1
Vergennes ceases discussion of Franco-American relations with
1
account of meeting with Vergennes
1
additional instructions regarding peace (1780)
1
communication of commission and instructions to France
1
compares Jay's qualifications
1
decision to name Jay as minister to Spain and JA to negotiate Anglo-American treaties
1
dispute with Vergennes over French aid and mission
1
need for consultations between Amer. diplomats and French ministers
1
on Thaxter as private secretary
1
on proposal that individual states of U.S. participate in peace conference
1
positioned to replace Franklin
1
possible recall in absence of negotiations
1
proposal for Anglo-Amer. negotiations under Austro-Russian mediation
1
rejects Austro-Russian mediation
1
reluctance to leave Netherlands for Paris
1
remains uninvolved in disputes between Americans
1
revaluation of currency and
1
sends correspondence with Vergennes to Congress
1
source of powers in representations in Netherlands
1
suspends measures toward British ministry
1
translates proposal for Anglo-Amer. negotiations under Austro-Russian mediation
1
attitude toward mission
2
commission for peace treaty superseded
1
diplomatic activities evaluated
49
Conduct of business
10
finances and funding for mission
9
on unlikelihood of early peace negotiations
4
desires intelligence from America for use in Europe
4
effect of British successes on willingness to make peace
4
efforts to obtain European intelligence
3
lack of secrecy about appointment
3
correspondence with congress
2
on rejection by Russia of a proposed Anglo-Russian treaty
2
possibility of raising loan in Britain
1
and Gillon's efforts to obtain ships for S.C. navy
1
authorized to raise Mass. loan in Europe
1
lack of official standing in France
1
objects to be obtained in peace negotiations
1
on need to cool passions and pursue real Amer. interests in negotiations with Britain
1
receives personal appeals for assistance
1
wishes to go to Netherlands or Prussia in absence of negotiations with England
15
complains of loss of commission
15
Official relations
4
conflict with Vergennes over disclosure of mission
4
estrangement from Vergennes
2
informs Vergennes of mission to negotiate Anglo-American treaties
1
Vergennes on commissions and instructions of
1
assures Vergennes that reports of Amer. overtures to Britain are false
1
meetings with Vergennes, Sartine, and Maurepas
1
presentation to French court
1
sends correspondence with Vergennes on publication of mission to congress
17
sea voyage and land journey via northern Spain to Paris
10
powers as sole peace minister opposed successfully by Vergennes and Franklin
7
controversy over right to make known officially and to British his powers to negotiate
7
defends Congress' actions on currency devaluation against views of Vergennes
7
election, commissions, and instructions
5
correspondence with Congress
4
blames loss of commission on French
4
as intelligence gatherer and propagandist
4
negotiations and correspondence
4
negotiations and correspondence in Paris
3
Congress' treatment of, appraised
3
actions win approbation of Congress
4
efforts to spur French naval support, &c., resented by Vergennes
2
believes he could have quickly concluded a trade treaty if appointed earlier
2
presentation to French royal family
1
Congress alters his 1779 commission
1
Francis Dana as secy. to
1
accompanied by Dana as secretary of legation
1
sea voyage and land journey via northern Spain to Paris
4
elected sole minister, accepts, and receives instructions
1
use of official title held required
999
Diplomacy, 1780-1788, Mission to the Netherlands
69
Dutch Loans
10
contract with Neufville
5
Anglo-Dutch war and prospects of obtaining
4
commissions (brokerage) on
1
warned against dealing with Neufville
71
Recognition of U.S.
7
publication and effect of 19 April 1781 memorial
4
opposition to 19 April 1781 memorial
3
demands reply to 19 April 1781 memorial
1
Battle of the Saints' effect on
1
characterizes 19 April 1781 memorial as “Harpoon-Iron (thrown by a Cape-Cod Whaleman)”
1
publicly received by States General
1
quotes Spanish minister on importance of
1
vessel named Heer Adams to honor
See also: Dutch-American Convention on Recaptures
62
payment of bills of exchange
26
conclusion of tripartite alliance
23
controversy over goods left by Gillon
22
efforts to raise Dutch loan
17
authorized to accede to armed neutrality
16
confers with La Vauguyon
16
proposes extending French alliance to others at war with England
16
prospects for a Dutch loan
15
commission as minister
12
need for Amer. minister in Netherlands
12
negotiation of proposed tripartite alliance and
12
negotiates 2d Dutch loan for U.S. (1784)
12
addresses A Memorial to Their High Mightinesses
11
8 March memorial on armed neutrality
11
acceptance of bills of exchange by
11
and collapse of Amer. credit
13
commissions to raise loan and negotiate treaty
11
letters of credence to the States General and William V
11
payment of bills of exchange and
10
without public funds, provides aid for Amer. prisoners of war
11
negotiation of Dutch-Amer. treaty
9
acts in place of H. Laurens
9
dines at court and socializes with members of diplomatic corps
8
recognition foreshadowed
9
unofficial mission—“militia diplomacy”
7
efforts to find broker for Dutch loan
8
receives commission and instructions as minister
6
attempts to resign post
7
secures recognition of U.S. and concludes treaty with
7
credentials as minister taken under “advisement”
6
negotiation of commercial treaty initiated and prosecuted
6
Laurens' 1779 commissions and
6
Livingston sends nomenclator code to
6
confers with La Vauguyon about 19 April memorials
6
efforts to forward Anglo-Dutch peace settlement
6
factional divisions in Netherlands
6
possible separate peace
7
activities as propagandist
5
ceremonial and social events following recognition
5
and funds for prisoners
5
assumption of public role
5
commercial dealings of Dutch with U.S.
5
diplomatic corps sees U.S. independence as decided
6
obtains further loans to U.S.
5
status of in Netherlands
4
correspondence with Congress
7
recognition of Amer. independence achieved
5
Bicker advises on raising loan
4
and Dumas' status and finances
6
appointed minister plenipotentiary and conducts campaign for recognition of and financial aid to U.S.
4
defends U.S. credit and resolve
4
desire to return to U.S.
4
instructions from Livingston
4
need for commission as minister to Netherlands
4
seeks appointment of minister to U.S.
4
seeks appropriate residence in Amsterdam
4
separate Anglo-Dutch peace
4
text of 19 April memorials
3
achievements of, praised
3
calls success “a signal Tryumph”
3
delayed in visiting Netherlands (1783) by peace negotiations
3
abortive efforts to negotiate Amer. loan with house of Neufville (1781)
3
commissioned to negotiate commercial treaty vice Laurens
3
British influence in Netherlands
3
Joseph II reportedly seeks meeting with
3
announces Arts. of Confederation
3
attends party for Russian nobility
3
commission as minister to Netherlands
5
dating and presentation of 19 April memorials
3
gives Franklin legal advice
3
his diplomacy preserves dignity of U.S.
3
nature of Dutch government
4
negotiates treaty of amity and commerce
3
use of codes and ciphers by
5
van der Capellen advises on Dutch politics and raising loan
2
considers trip to The Hague (1785)
2
plans to resign commission
4
Dutch mission obstructed by Vergennes
3
as Minister Plenipotentiary designs and issues passports
2
stay in Netherlands extended
2
France and La Vauguyon indebted to for furthering interests in Netherlands
2
Russian mediation of Anglo-Dutch war
2
Thaxter proposed as secretary for Dutch mission
2
action taken on 19 April memorial to States General
2
advises Dana on mission to Russia
3
and Dutch recognition of U.S.
2
and Luzac's complaint of JA's failure to send news
2
appeals to Congress on behalf of colleagues
2
asked for information on European armies
3
commission for Dutch-American treaty
2
contrasts Dutch and Spanish governments and diplomacy suitable for dealing with
2
corr. with Curson and Gouverneur
2
denies funds to outfit South Carolina
2
erroneous report on Amer. privateers and
2
goods left by Gillon in Netherlands and
2
has news from U.S. published
2
items in Politique hollandais about
2
letter of credence to States General
2
on H. Laurens' taking his place
2
plan for Dutch-American treaty
2
proposed treaty of amity and commerce with Hanseatic League
2
proposes agreement to take prizes into U.S. and Dutch ports
2
public reception of 19 April memorial to States General
2
publication and effect of Capellen tot den Pol pamphlet
2
requests information on Crimean insurrection
2
Congress appreciates achievements in
1
Dutch Court a miniature Versailles
1
Massachusetts approves securing Dutch recognition
1
conversations with E. F. van Berckel (1783)
1
honored by French and Spanish ambassadors
1
meets with Dutch ambassador to Great Britain
1
negotiates 1st Dutch loan for U.S. (1782)
1
negotiates 3d and 4th Dutch loans (1787, 1788)
1
negotiates loan from Dutch
1
receives medals from Netherlands for diplomacy
1
triumph in Netherlands not appreciated in U.S.
1
visits Netherlands (1786) on business
2
audience with Stadholder
1
efforts to salvage supplies consigned to Continental army
1
journey from Paris to Amsterdam
2
treaty of amity and commerce with Dutch Republic concluded (1782)
2
Politique hollandais as vehicle to promote his diplomacy
1
Brit. newspaper reports on
1
Congress' authorization of further European borrowing and
1
Dutch reluctance to conclude treaties with France, Spain, or U.S.
1
Franklin as source of funds for
1
French compliments on his Dutch negotiations
1
Heefke seeks assistance in establishing glassworks
1
La Vauguyon opposes presenting letter of credence
1
La Vauguyon seeks meeting with
1
Lafayette on JA's efforts
1
Livingston letter published
1
U.S. only power able to save Netherlands
1
account of conversation with S. Hartley regarding peace negotiations
1
and Gillon's request for loan
1
and appointment of secretary for foreign affairs
1
and “militia diplomacy”
1
as target of mob in wake of Dutch defeats
1
asked to redeem Continental Lottery ticket
1
certifies Dumas' oath of allegiance
1
certifies status as minister to exempt from payment of duties
1
commends La Vauguyon for his assistance
1
commission to conclude tripartite alliance
1
compares current Dutch situation with that in 17th century
1
compares position before recognition with that of Jay in Spain
1
compares situation with that of De Witts
1
contrasts future of U.S. relations with Netherlands and England
1
conversation with Markov
1
correspondence captured and published in England
1
criticizes Dutch intelligence gathering
2
decision to go to Netherlands in 1780
3
diplomatic corps at The Hague
1
discusses Franco-Spanish operations against Gibraltar with Llano
1
effect of Yorktown on his diplomatic efforts
1
efforts in Netherlands influence his relations with France
1
efforts to inform Europeans about Amer. Revolution
1
failure of Armed Neutrality to recognize U.S.
1
gathers intelligence in Netherlands
1
informal and temporary missions
1
informs La Vauguyon of commission, instructions, and letters of credence as minister to the Netherlands
1
instructions for Dutch-American treaty
1
letters of credence to States General
1
meets with Schiedam merchants
1
minister from Liège and
1
need to coordinate policy in Netherlands with France
2
negotiation of Dutch-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce by
1
plan for treaty with the Netherlands
1
possibility of Anglo-Dutch alliance
1
praised in Loosjes' Gedenkzuil
1
proposal for issuance of pass for Danish ship to sail under U.S. flag
1
proposes admitting Spain to Franco-Amer. alliance
1
reason for going to Amsterdam in 1780
1
receives congratulatory visits on U.S. victories
1
reception in Netherlands
1
replies to Calkoen effect diplomacy
1
reportedly meets with Markov
1
requests for help from as minister from U.S.
1
returns letters to Neufville
1
revival of Dutch manufactures
1
rumored Dutch-American treaty
1
seeks Dutch recognition against advice of friends
1
seeks intelligence from Mazzei
1
seeks names of Amsterdam mercantile houses
1
seeks return of U.S. sailor
1
sends Congress 19 April memorials
1
sends Franco-Dutch Convention on Recaptures to Congress
1
significance of tripartite alliance
1
wants M. Warren to give account of in proposed history
1
wartime disruption of Dutch trade
1
will spend more time at The Hague
1
loan by Amsterdam banking syndicate negotiated (1782)
1
19 April memorial to William V, described
1
diplomatic activities evaluated
1
recognition as minister to Netherlands
1
“Requisition Verbale” to States General (1782)
467
Diplomacy, 1781-1783, Joint Commission to Negotiate Anglo-American Peace (2d Joint Commission)
22
Digges' mission to meet with
18
progress of and prospects for
14
Fitzherbert's commission
15
U.S. admission to and recognition by Armed Neutrality and
14
Britain needs to recognize U.S.
12
anticipation of definitive peace
14
attempts to resign post
11
is impatient to hear from America and Congress
10
Oswald's 2d commission
10
commission and instructions for
8
Brit. military operations effect on
8
determined to communicate British peace proposals to Franklin and Vergennes
7
Brit. political situation's effect on
7
appointment, commission, and instructions
8
regrets treaty clause on loyalists
7
membership on commission substituted by Congress for sole power to negotiate treaty of peace
7
eagerly anticipates retirement from
5
Brit. negotiators need full powers
5
appointment of secy. to
6
instructions to defer to France in
5
possible Vienna peace conference and
6
negotiation and signing of the Preliminary Treaty
6
negotiates preliminary peace with Great Britain
4
French favor Franklin over
4
U.S. referred to as colonies and
4
joint commission to accept Austro-Russian mediation
4
on separate Anglo-Amer. peace
4
sends Livingston copies of Brit. commissions
4
criticizes Franklin and Vergennes
4
negotiations resume with Hartley
4
uncertain state of British ministry
3
Brit. peace proposals and
3
European nations need to recognize U.S.
3
Franklin sends copy of instructions
3
Franklin sends correspondence on peace negotiations
3
Franklin sends correspondence with Brit. regarding
3
Rayneval mission to England
3
attitude toward participation in
3
criticizes Franklin's policy toward
3
disputes charge that recognition of U.S. is violation of neutrality
4
doubts Shelburne's sincerity regarding
5
prospects for negotiations under
3
text of joint commission
3
controversial “Peace Journal” of the negotiations
3
considers future of Amer. foreign affairs
3
labors of ill-rewarded by Congress
2
D. Hartley queries about joint commission
2
criticizes visit by W. Alexander to London
2
effect of Dutch recognition of U.S. on peace negotiations
3
fails to decipher all of the instructions
2
on inability to deal officially with H. Laurens while on bail
2
on unacceptability of a truce
2
possible separate peace
2
receives documents on U.S. boundaries
2
sends Livingston Dutch instructions
2
expresses wish to write the history of his diplomatic service and offers his resignation
3
Franklin's hostility toward
2
criticized in the press
2
diplomatic achievement praised
2
forgoes European luxuries
3
signs armistice with Great Britain
1
Anglo-Amer. trade's effect on
1
Congress expects to participate in
1
Franklin desires at Paris for
1
Franklin wishes was at Paris for peace negotiations
1
French inability to control negotiations of
1
H. Laurens on JA's power to negotiate
1
Lafayette cautions against Digges
1
Laurens on as peace commissioner
1
Livingston requests information from
1
approaches to, regarding peace terms
1
commissioners rather than Congress should negotiate peace
1
criticizes Vergennes' policy toward
1
discusses with Bleiswyck
1
imperial courts' attitude toward U.S. recognition
1
inability to read instructions
1
meets with D. Hartley at Paris
1
misdates conversation with S. Hartley on peace negotiations
1
newspaper reports on peace negotiations
1
obstacles to going to Paris for
1
on British knowledge of joint commission and its purpose
1
on H. Laurens as joint commissioner
1
on appointment of secretary for
1
on implications of accepting Austro-Russian mediation
1
on powers as joint commissioner
1
on recognition of Amer. independence as sine qua non for peace negotiations
1
on significance of Austro-Russian recognition of U.S. as a power at war
1
peace as only British option
1
pride deters Brit. from
1
proposals in A Memorial to the Sovereigns of Europe
1
secrecy of negotiations
1
seeks territorial concessions in peace negotiations
1
urges Digges to meet with Franklin and Vergennes
1
will meet only with British plenipotentiaries
1
wishes to return to Massachusetts after
2
Preliminary Treaty with Great Britain signed
1
consultation and concurrence with wishes of French court prescribed
1
his availability to negotiate treaty rumored in England
1
names his home “Peace field, in commemoration of the Peace which I assisted in making”
1
negotiation and signing of the Definitive Treaty
1
and commemorative treaty seal
1
definitive treaty signed unchanged, “so We have negotiated here, these Six Months for nothing”
1
expects negotiations to be “another Furnace of Affliction”
1
from duty and necessity has “landed the Public safe and glorious in the Harbour of Peace”
1
possible travel to Vienna
1
role in keeping fisheries and western lands
1
sends “Peace Journal” to Congress
1
takes pride in U.S.-British peace
111
Diplomacy, 1784-1788, Joint Commission to Negotiate Commercial Treaties (3d Joint Commission)
11
Congress nominates and appoints to commission to negotiate commercial treaties
9
negotiations with Barbary states
6
meets with minister from Tripoli to discuss trety
7
negotiation of treaty with Portugal
5
and Lamb's mission to negotiate treaty with Barbary States
6
negotiation of treaty with Barbary States
5
signs treaty with Morocco
5
stay in Europe prolonged
4
approves sending Barclay to Morocco
6
concludes Prussian-Amer. treaty
3
proceedings and negotiations
4
anticipates being sent to negotiate commercial treaty in Great Britain
3
expiration of commissions
3
prospects for negotiating commercial treaty with Great Britain
4
works on commercial treaties with Franklin and Jefferson
2
appointment, commissions, and instructions
2
discusses commercial treaty with Portugal
2
gives étrennes to servants at French Court
2
may go to Algiers to negotiate treaty
2
negotiates treaty of amity and commerce with Prussia
2
plans to resign commissions
2
receives report of Amer. ships captured by Barbary states
2
says Congress restores honor it took away in 1781
1
negotiates Prussian-Amer. Treaty of Amity and Commerce
1
AA conveys false news that Congress has appointed him to negotiate with Great Britain
1
Congress' concern about W. T. Franklin
1
appoints Randall to accompany Lamb to Barbary states
1
efforts of, hindered by Congress
1
initiates negotiations with Spain
1
nominates Jay to negotiate trade treaty
1
sends WSS to Paris to bring Jefferson to London
205
Diplomacy, 1785-1788, Minister to Great Britain
13
efforts to negotiate Anglo-Amer. commercial treaty
10
JA and U.S. attacked in London press
11
received by George III and Queen Charlotte
12
appointed minister to Great Britain
7
and charges that France paid salary
6
burden of official correspondence
6
fears hostile reception in Great Britain
6
routinely attends Court
5
collects documents on Mass. land claims
5
presents Americans at court
4
and Brit. evacuation of U.S. territory
4
reception, negotiations, and life in England
3
London press issues false reports of meetings with George III and the Prince of Wales
3
anticipates appointment to Great Britain
3
correspondence on behalf of John Anstey
3
receives Boston newspapers
4
relations with Congress
2
Elizabeth Shaw on work of
2
Storer assists as secretary
2
encourages David Humphreys to remain in Britain
2
friends and diplomatic officials welcome to London
2
is pessimistic about trade treaty with Great Britain
2
meets with William Pitt
2
plans to resign commission
2
praises W. S. Smith to Pres. of Congress
2
receives visits from foreign ministers
2
secures release of Amer. sailors seized in East Indies
2
snubbed by Royal Academy
2
supplies British with account of Stanhope affair
2
talks of leaving post in 1786 if no progress is made
2
undermined by weakness of Congress
2
will return home unless appointed to Great Britain
1
relationship with Lynden van Blitterswyck during
1
appointment and instructions
1
return voyage from England and public reception in Boston
1
Amer. accounts of audience with George III
1
Amer. enemies reprint British criticism of
1
Charles Storer as secy. to
1
Congress does not communicate with
1
Congress' meager support for causes criticism in London
1
Dutch minister to Britain visits
2
London newspapers imply involvement of with attempted assassination of George III
1
Richard Cranch to gather data for
1
appointed consul to Britain
1
discusses frontier posts with British envoy
1
false petitioners want money from
1
finds etiquette at St. James's tedious
1
first meeting with George III commemorated
1
grants W. S. Smith leave to visit Prussia
1
low salary clouds move to England
1
omits political news in letters to Jefferson
1
other foreign ministers fear being mobbed if seen with
1
position complicated by loyalists
1
presents David Humphreys at Court
1
presents coin to Society of Antiquaries (London)
1
receives copies of Lamb's correspondence with Congress
1
recommends Jay or Dana for minister to Great Britain
1
requests secy. from Congress
1
suggests liberalization of British and Amer. trade
1
takes formal leave of George III before departure for Netherlands
1
thinks Congress bound by honor to post him to Great Britain
1
thinks housing costs should be paid by Congress
1
First Federal Congress, 1788
1
elected member of Congress from Mass.
4
Vice-President, 1789-1797
2
supporters and assailants
1
notes of debates in Senate
18
President, 1797-1801
12
election and administration
6
defeat for second term and retirement
277
Local, Provincial, and State Politics
17
Boston
4
on miscellaneous committees
3
on Ways and Means committee
2
on committee for Boston Massacre orator
2
on committee to instruct representatives
2
service in 1774, discussed and calendared
15
General Court, Council
1
and creation of Mass. Navy
1
drafts proclamation to inculcate obedience to government
14
Braintree
3
on committee to instruct representative on Stamp Act
2
on Continental Association committees
2
on North Common committees
1
attendance at town meetings
1
on South Common committees
1
on committee for minutemen
14
talked of as candidate for governor
11
Massachusetts
7
drafts Constitution of 1780
2
commissioned to raise European loan for
1
commission as justice of the peace, listed
1
resigns as member of Council and as chief justice of Superior Court
10
resigns chief justiceship of Superior Court
9
member of General Court from Boston
9
member of Mass. Council
8
Provincial Congress
1
and election to second congress
1
“I am determined, if Things are Settled, to avoid public Life. I have neither Fortune, Leisure Health nor Genius for it”
8
General Court, House of Representatives
2
activities in, discussed and calendared
2
as consultant to, on responses to Gov. Hutchinson's messages
1
as consultant to, on impeachment proceedings against Peter Oliver
2
attitude toward his service in
7
appointed chief justice of Superior Court of Judicature
5
elected member of Mass. Council but negatived
5
surveyor of town highways
4
General Court
2
appointed by, to Continental Congress
2
named by, to report on Mass. boundary disputes
5
“Abstract” of writs of assistance argument in 1761
4
on town committee to lay out North Commons in lots
4
political correspondence from Massachusetts
4
drafts Boston Instructions to its Representatives in 1769
3
drafts Braintree Instructions on Stamp Act
3
on Boston committee to plead for reopening the courts
2
commissioned as a justice of the peace
4
argues before Governor and Council on behalf of Boston for reopening courts in 1765
3
elected to Council in 1773 and 1774 by House but negatived by Governor
3
elected to House of Representatives from Boston in 1770
3
resigns office of Chief Justice in 1777
2
Braintree delegate to Provincial Congress
2
Cooper reveals letters from, to French
2
falsely rumored to have charged that Hancock, Cooper, and Sullivan were in pay of France
2
letters used to get legislature to pass federal impost
2
on committee to receive donations for sufferers under the Port Act
2
prepares instructions to Boston representatives
2
resolves not to meddle in politics
2
appointed Chief Justice by Council in 1775
1
asked by Sewall to take over position as advocate general in Admiralty
3
campaign to limit number of alehouses in Braintree in 1760
2
chosen town surveyor of highways in 1765
1
declines to stand again for Braintree selectman in 1768
2
drafts Braintree's Instructions to its Representatives in General Court in 1765
1
draftsman of political manifestoes for Boston
2
elected Braintree selectman in 1766
1
elected Braintree selectman in 1775
1
elected member of Council by House in 1775
1
involved in Braintree highway problems
3
launches reform movement against “pettyfoggers” in 1760
2
made justice of peace for Suffolk County in 1775
1
nonimportation campaign
1
on town committee to write British radicals about Boston Massacre
2
on town committees in 1761-1762
2
produces brief supporting Massachusetts' claim to “western lands” in 1774
1
resigns from Mass. Council in 1776
2
sits in Provincial Congress and on Council
1
Braintree delegate to 1st Provincial Congress
1
aids committee to draft answer to Hutchinson's speech
1
assigned a chair in the Mass. House
1
attends Sons of Liberty meeting
1
commissioned justice of peace and quorum in Suffolk County
1
contest with Thayer for election to General Court from Braintree
1
declines office of advocate general in admiralty court
1
declines to deliver Massacre oration
2
drafts Mass. constitution (1779)
1
drafts constitution of Mass.
1
impeachment proceedings against Peter Oliver
1
obtains appointment of brother as deputy sheriff
1
on Braintree committee on Continental Association
1
patriotic oration at Braintree
1
prepares report on Massachusetts' territorial claims
1
resigns chief justiceship of Massachusetts without serving
1
resigns seat in Council after complaints about plural officeholding
1
rivalry with Robert Treat Paine
1
role in impeachment proceedings against Chief Justice Peter Oliver
1
speech on amendment procedure delivered in Constitutional Convention (1779)
1
vouches for Thomas Brattle
1
work on Mass. boundary disputes
1
defeated for election to General Court in 1766
1
drafts House's reply to Hutchinson on Parliament's power to bind colonies by legislation
1
involved in clubs and caucuses in Boston politics
1
involved in controversy over judges' salaries
8
promotes sale of U.S. whale oil to France
5
promotes U.S. sugar manufacturing
3
role in treaties with Great Britain
3
arranges correspondence between Mass. and French medical societies
2
and possible constitutional convention
2
assists Elizabeth Otis Brown in recovering inheritance
2
receives news about unrest in Mass.
2
receives report of Annapolis Convention
2
receives requests to return to Mass.
2
Frenchman solicits recommendation of wine from
2
Harvard honors public service of
2
Mably dedicates Observations sur le gouvernement . . . des Etats-Unis to
2
arranges for Houdon's life insurance
2
gets Benjamin Newcombe released from Mill Prison
2
recommends Winslow Warren as consul to Portugal
1
Continental Congress, First, reason for his appointment to
1
appointed first U.S. minister to Court of St. James's
1
departure for Europe (1778)
1
diplomatic mission in Netherlands
1
elected to Supporters of the Bill of Rights
1
in Continental Congress
1
president of Amer. Academy of Arts and Sciences
1
AA on effect of political situations on
1
advises Livingston on trade in sugar and whale oil
1
tries to arrange for Winslow Warren to become consul at Lisbon
1
W. S. Shaw as secretary (1790s)
1
blames Franklin and the French for Dana's failure in Russia
1
contacts French medical societies for Cotton Tufts
1
loans own money to Braintree prisoners of war
1
meets Lord George Gordon
2
privately meets British leaders (1783)
1
promotes plan for Amer. whale oil to illuminate French cities
1
relationship with Lafayette
1
remarks on “Anglomanes” in Europe
1
reports signing of U.S.-Sweden treaty
1
satirizes Congress' easy treatment of Silas Deane
1
writes letters of introduction for young Chaumont
1
Storer seeks federal offices from (1790s)
1
recommends Thaxter to Congress
2
writes fewer non-family letters
109
Relationship with AA
12
thinks AA should not go to Europe
11
AA's impending arrival in London
8
asks AA to come to Europe
5
AA as political liaison for
6
conflict over courtship of AA2
6
accepts separation from AA for public good
4
complains of lack of correspondence from AA
4
sends special gift to AA
4
laments separation from AA
3
lets AA decide whether to go to Europe
3
alarms AA with news of illness
2
consoles AA on father's death
2
delay in receiving AA's letters
2
expresses deep affection for AA
2
tells AA “dont meddle any more with Vermont”
2
“No Swiss ever longed for home more . . . I Shall forever be a dull Man in Europe”
2
“your Letter has made me the happiest Man upon Earth. I am twenty Years younger than I was Yesterday”
1
AA writes letters on behalf of
1
JA's company fills void in AA's social life
1
a “love and business united” letter to
1
anxious that living in Holland would harm AA's health
2
approves AA's Braintree land purchases
1
concern for AA's health
1
delays telling AA of JQA's return from Russia
2
does not write to AA in spring of 1784
1
is determined to live with family, especially AA
1
is moved by her offer to come to Europe
1
plans to receive AA at The Hague and proceed to France
1
promises to be “a good domestic husband for remainder of my Life”
1
reunion with AA in London
1
sends “Peace Journal” to AA for eyes of “discrete Friends”
1
suggests AA keep travel journal
1
would rather pay court to AA than all other princesses
1
would travel to AA by balloon if possible
1
“I always learn more of Politicks from your Letters, than any others”
1
“You would be in an hideous Solitude, among Millions” in Europe
290
Relationship with Children
65
AA2
16
conflict over Tyler's courtship of
5
AA2 seeks and receives advice from about Royall Tyler
5
approves WSS's courtship and marriage of
4
JA's ideas of a suitable partner for
4
enlists AA2 as secretary
3
is touched by AA2's offer to care for him in Europe
4
praises AA2's reserve and prudence
2
gives advice to AA2 on a woman's role
1
advises AA2 to study Amer. history
1
and courtship by W. S. Smith
1
appreciates AA2's letters
1
as witness to wedding of
2
characterizes AA2 as both droll and modest
1
gives AA2 Bell's Poets of Great Britain
1
reunion with AA2 in London
1
suggests AA2 keep travel journal
1
urges AA2 to keep journal
1
would rather pay court to AA2 than all other princesses
1
“Get you an honest Man for a Husband, and keep him honest. No matter whether he is rich”
1
“I should scarcely in any Case have opposed the Final Judgment of my Daughter” [in marrying]
1
“My dear Daughters happiness employs my Thoughts night and Day”
109
JQA
9
encourages and guides JQA's studies of Latin, Greek, mathematics
7
encourages JQA to hear speakers in Parliament
4
JA's reliance on and need for company of JQA
6
concerned for JQA's safety on journey from Russia
4
decision to send JQA to Harvard
3
advice on JQA's behavior
3
praises his character and attention to his studies
3
urges JQA to keep a journal
3
“never let a Slovenly Word or Letter go from you”
2
admission to Harvard by
2
advises JQA on reading material
2
asks if he “learn'd the German? forgot the Dutch?”
2
comments on JQA's education
2
recommends JQA exercise
2
wants JQA's account of travel expenses
1
JQA misses walking with
1
JQA requests books from library of
2
advises: “a young Gentleman of 17, must not talk of low Spirits for Small disappointments . . . He will meet with many”
1
approves plans for Harvard commencement celebration
1
asks about JQA's social life at The Hague
1
comments on JQA's knowledge of French
1
compliments JQA's writing style
1
proposes they learn Dutch together
1
receives copy of debate by
1
recommends Timothy Dwight and Joel Barlow to
1
reunites with “the dear Companion of my Voages . . . grown a Man in Understanding as well as Stature”
1
share same role in Harvard commencement
1
strives to correct faults of
1
“I Send you a son who is the greatest Traveller, of his Age, and without Partiality, I think as promising and manly a youth as is in the World”
1
“instead of proposing my son for publick Employments, I am Sending him to qualify for private ones”
1
“the principal Satisfaction I can expect in Life will be your good Behaviour”
5
TBA
3
wishes TBA to enter Harvard
8
general advice and reflections on the children's rearing and education
8
prefers Amer. education for
5
clothing sent to Boston for use of sons
4
French, Latin, and Greek as the “useful” languages for
4
old clothes worn by sons
5
writing a legible hand emphasized
2
enjoys correspondence between JQA and AA2
2
actions for the public good beyond individual satisfactions recommended to
2
advises study of Cicero, Erasmus, Phaedrus, the Greek Testament, Virgil, Ovid, Horace, Sallust, Tacitus, Livy
3
effects of polite learning on virtue feared
2
instruction in drawing and writing proper for amusement and relaxation from studies
2
urges them to study Amer. geography
2
urges they be taught French
2
“you will never be alone, with a Poet in your Poket”
1
recommends CA and JQA obtain Hebrew dictionary and grammar
1
JA: “I think it of more Consequence to have Children than to make them gay and genteel”
1
advice on education of AA2
1
advises AA2 to learn needlework
1
advises CA to increase his mechanical ability
1
advises JQA to acquire “A Taste for Literature and a Turn for Business”
1
advises JQA to read newspapers and history
1
advises JQA to study ancient history
1
advises TBA to become a physician
1
cautions JQA on reading Bampfylde Moore Carew
1
commended by AA for precepts and instructions to
1
cultivation of knowledge, virtue, and simplicity brings usefulness, and consequently happiness
2
describes methods for developing their literary style
1
does “not know how to do, without one of my sons at least with me”
1
education in own country preferred
1
independence as the proper end of education
1
keeping of a diary and of a letterbook enjoined upon
1
legacy to, will be America's freedom and opportunity
1
on benefits of fairs to
1
on relationship of brother and sister
1
plan to put CA in school and bring AA2 and TBA to Europe
1
reading the best writers and the formation of style
1
response to AA2-Tyler romance
2
says Europe would “Ruin my Children forever”
1
sends “perpetual almanack” to JQA
2
skating, dancing, and riding approved for
1
takes JQA and CA to Europe
1
urges JQA to study histories of revolutions
1
wants them to transcribe AA's letters
1
“A Variety of Languages will do no harm unless you should get an habit of attending more to Words than Things”
1
“Boys! Work you Rogues and be free. You will never have so hard Work to do as Papa has had”
1
“Every Thing in Life should be done with Reflection, and Judgment, even the most insignificant Amusements .... arranged in subordination to the great Plan of Happiness, and Utility”
1
“Geography, Geometry and Fractions ... are Useful sciences, and ... Branches of the Mathematicks ..., the most profitable and the most satisfactory of all human Knowledge”
1
“I desire I may never again have the Weakness to bring a Child to Europe”
2
“I must study Politicks and War that my sons may have liberty to study Mathematicks and Philosophy ... in order to give their Children a right to study Painting, Poetry, Musick”
1
“My Children will have nothing but their Liberty and the Right to catch Fish”
1
“My Children will not be so well left by their father as he was by his”
2
“[T]here are few who make the Choice of Hercules. That my Children may follow his Example, is my earnest prayer”
1
“above all Things, preserve your Innocence, and a pure Conscience”
1
“all the End of study is to make you a good Man and a useful Citizen”
1
“it is nature not the Ancients that you are to imitate and Copy”
1
“the greatest pleasure I had in life, the society of my children”
1
didactic character of letters to
1
poetry earnestly recommended
See also: under the names of the children
365
Residences
25
U.S. Legation at The Hague
2
inventories of contents of
33
birthplaces of JA and JQA (JA's patrimonial property in Braintree, now Quincy, Mass.)
13
lodgings and residences in Paris
13
lodgings and residences in Philadelphia
21
Old House, Braintree (now the Adams National Historic Site, Quincy, Mass.)
13
early family home in Braintree
10
lodgings and residence in London
8
move from Amsterdam to The Hague
7
Hôtel des Etats Unis, The Hague
6
Grosvenor Square, London
6
furnishings of legation at The Hague
5
commissions Sigourney, Ingraham, & Bromfield to procure residence in Amsterdam
5
house on Keizersgracht, Amsterdam
6
lodgings and residences in Amsterdam
5
lodgings in Philadelphia
5
residences at The Hague
4
Hôtel de Valentinois, Passy
3
Hôtel des Etats-Unis, The Hague
3
house on the Keizersgracht, Amsterdam
2
Dumas family to live at legation at The Hague
2
lodgings in York, Penn.
2
lodgings with the widow Schorn, Amsterdam
2
office in Braintree house
2
servants for legation at The Hague
1
Old House, Braintree (now the Adams National Historic Site)
1
criticism of, in Amsterdam
1
refuses Quadt Wykeradt's request to delay vacating house at The Hague
1
seeks house for Amer. legation at Amsterdam
See also: Braintree, Mass.
102
Social Life
12
makes and receives visits
10
entertains at dinner in London
8
social engagements in Netherlands
3
receives visitors in London
2
invited to dine with Smiths of Clapham
1
Jefferson introduces Chevalier Dolomieu to
1
attends ball at French minister's
2
attends theater in London
1
entertains at dinner in Auteuil
1
introduced to Dr. Henry Moyes
1
invites Richard Peters to theater
1
returns visits in London
1
rumored to have dined with Prince of Wales
1
stays at Bath Hotel, London
1
visits Ranelagh Gardens
1
visits wax museum in London
1
walks with Richard Penn
313
Travels
25
possible return to U.S.
15
return to America (1779)
16
journey through Spain to Paris
13
journey through Spain and France
10
to English countryside
9
tours English gardens with Jefferson
8
voyage on Boston to France
7
arrival and reception at Bordeaux
7
visits Thomas Brand Hollis
6
from Paris to Holland (1783)
6
published account of journey through Spain
5
baggage sent on La Sensible
5
from Holland to Paris (1782)
5
journey from Amsterdam to Paris
5
news of arrival at Paris reaches America
4
Dumas requests presence at The Hague
4
decides not to go to Madrid
3
arrival at Paris from Bordeaux
3
assistance for journey to Paris
3
between Amsterdam and The Hague
3
returns to London from Netherlands
3
to Europe on La Sensible (1779)
2
arrives in England (1785)
2
between England and Netherlands (1784)
2
expenses for trip through Spain to Paris
2
from Amsterdam to Paris and return (1781)
2
from Paris (Auteuil) to London
2
summary of trips made in Europe (1780-1784)
2
through England on way to Netherlands
2
through Spain to Paris (1779-1780)
2
tours Amsterdam and Zaandam
2
visits Bath with JQA (1783)
2
voyage to Europe (1779)
2
winter crossing from England to Holland (1784)
1
assistance at La Coruña
1
compares climates of France and Netherlands
1
delays trip to The Hague
1
happiness at reaching France
1
journey through Spain (1779-1780)
1
may go to Madrid for negotiation of Spanish-Amer. commercial treaty
1
passport for journey through Spain to Paris
1
reception in Netherlands
1
return to Amsterdam from Paris
1
to London to meet AA (1784)
1
to Schiedam with Ridley
1
visits Braintree, England
1
visits Netherlands (1780)
1
between Amsterdam and Paris (1781)
1262
Writings
Note: Pseudonyms used by JA: Chrispus Attucks, Clarendon, Misanthrop, Novanglus, Humphrey Ploughjogger, Sui Juris, “U,” Governor Winthrop
38
Published writings
8
correspondence with William Cunningham, Jay, Jefferson, Arthur Lee, William Tudor
5
contributions to Gazette de Leyde
3
contributions to Dutch newspapers
4
contributions to Gazette d'Amsterdam
4
contributions to Politique hollandais
2
Politique hollandais as conduit for
1
Gordon urges JA to undertake propaganda effort in Europe
1
Jenings on sending material to London papers
1
contributions to London press
1
sends Linguet material for publication
1
Correspondence between ... John Adams and ... William Cunningham
1
Digges requests material for publication in Remembrancer
1
account of meeting George III and Charlotte in letter to Jay
1
letter to Dr. Gordon on Franklin
1
first publication of family letters
1
Published writings: 1760
1
essay on appointment of new chief justice
10
Published writings: 1763
6
“U” letters in Boston Gazette
4
Humphrey Ploughjogger letters in Boston Evening Post
4
Published writings: 1763-1767
4
Humphrey Ploughjogger letters in Boston Evening Post and Boston Gazette
50
Published writings: 1765
43
“Dissertation on the Canon and the Feudal Law”
5
efforts to have republished
2
comments on and publication of
1
bibliographical history of
5
Instructions to Braintree's representative regarding Stamp Act in Massachusetts Gazette
2
Humphrey Ploughjogger to the Boston Gazette
4
Published writings: 1765-1766
4
“Clarendon” letters in Boston Gazette
9
Published writings: 1766
9
“Clarendon to William Pym” in Boston Gazette
1
Published writings: 1766-1767
1
replies to Jonathan Sewall's “Philanthrop” articles
5
Published writings: 1767
5
Replies to Philanthrop in the Boston Gazette, with drafts
2
Gov. Winthrop to Gov. Bradford
3
Published writings: 1768
3
Sui Juris to the Boston Gazette
8
Published writings: 1768-1769
8
Instructions to Boston's representatives
5
Published writings: 1769
5
contributions to “A Journal of the Times,” column in colonial newspapers
22
Published writings: 1773
13
“The Independence of Judges” in Boston Gazette
1
points at issue summarized
5
notes of writs of assistance argument published in Mass. Spy
4
Replies of the House of Representatives to Gov. Hutchinson
3
Published writings: 1774
2
Articles of Impeachment against Peter Oliver
1
report on Mass. boundary claims
44
Published writings: 1775
34
Novanglus letters in Boston Gazette
1
Novanglus, letters in Almon's Remembrancer
4
“From a Gentleman in the Province of Massachusetts, to his Friend in London,” in Almon's Remembrancer
3
Rules for the Regulation of the Navy of the United Colonies of North-America
2
intercepted letters in Boston Weekly News Letter
1
“History of the Dispute with America” (“Novanglus” papers) in Almon's Remembrancer
75
Published writings: 1776
64
Thoughts on Government
4
influence on state constitutions
1
JA on popular quality of
1
JA's intention in writing
1
mention of impeachment in
5
Proclamation of the Mass. General Court
3
resolutions of the Continental Congress for instituting new governments
2
resolutions of the Continental Congress for encouraging agriculture and manufactures
1
“Plan of Treaties” for the Continental Congress
14
Published writings: 1778
11
contributions to Affaires de l'Angleterre et de l'Amérique
1
extract of letter to J. Warren in Boston Gazette
1
letter to S. Cooper in Independent Chronicle
1
letter to president of congress in Independent Chronicle
2
Published writings: 1778-1779
2
articles in Affaires de l'Angleterre et de l'Amérique
99
Published writings: 1779
95
Report of a Constitution
22
publication in England and Europe
7
convention makes few changes in
6
elected delegate to constitutional convention
5
changes made in draft by committee and convention
2
and establishment of American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2
as culmination of constitutional thinking
1
Jenings sends to London
1
and public support for religion
1
commencement of government under
1
inquires about progress of
1
on adoption of declaration of rights by convention
1
use of “commonwealth” to describe Mass.
2
letter to Rush printed in Amer. newspapers
2
“Reflections on the general State of Affairs in Europe”
5
Published writings: 1779-1780
5
Massachusetts Constitution
128
Published writings: 1780
68
Pensées sur la révolution de l'Amérique-Unie
9
Addenet's translation of
3
and JA's views of foreign policy, economics, and peace
2
compared with Translation
2
van der Capellen comments on
1
advertised in Gazette de Leyde
23
rebuttals to speeches by Conway and Germain on peace and reconciliation
5
published in Mercure de France
5
published in General Advertiser
2
effect of Pownall's Memorial on
2
Jenings assigns Probus as pseudonym for
1
sends copy of to Congress
1
and paper on barriers to Anglo-American peace
1
and “Distinguished American”
9
contributions to Mercure de France
8
contributions to London newspapers
7
dispatch to Pres. Huntington (2 June) printed in Phila. and Boston papers
7
contributions to Gazette de Leyde
2
articles in Mercure de France
1
announcement of JA's mission
8
Published writings: 1780-1781
8
contributions to American newspapers
112
Published writings: 1781
58
Memorial to Their High Mightinesses
3
motives for publication of
2
Livingston criticizes publication of
1
influence in Netherlands of
1
should be compared with critique of Raynal
1
drafting and publication of
1
newspaper publication of
54
Translation of the Memorial
11
Jenings and publication of
3
and JA's views of foreign policy, economics, and peace
3
and “Distinguished American”
1
JA fails to disclose authorship of
1
text of manuscript sent to Jenings
1
text of preliminary version sent to Congress
1
should be compared with critique of Raynal
2
Published writings: 1781-1782
2
contributions to Le politique hollandais
116
Published writings: 1782
55
“Letters from a Distinguished American”
15
Jenings and delayed publication of
3
and rebuttals of Conway and Germain
3
editorial alterations in
1
introduction in General Advertiser
1
letter to Congress quoted in
2
order and dating of published letters
3
responds to Cool Thoughts
1
should be compared with critique of Raynal
3
text of preliminary version sent to Congress in 1780
3
view of Franco-American relations and foreign policy in
35
Collection of State-Papers
15
Memorial to the Sovereigns of Europe
4
Geschiedenis van het geschil tusschen Groot-Britannie en Amerika (Novanglus letters)
2
“Speculation” on League of Armed Neutrality
1
address of 9 Jan. 1782 in Gazette de Leyde
1
answers (written in 1780) to Galloway's Cool Thoughts in London and Amsterdam papers
1
captured letter from JA to Searle
1
“Extract of a letter from an American gentleman in Holland” (1782), in Independent Chronicle
1
letter containing Dutch resolutions recognizing U.S. in Amer. newspapers
2
Published writings: 1784
2
History of the Dispute with America (Novanglus letters)
18
Published writings: 1786
14
Twenty-six Letters
2
1st and 2d London editions
1
Dutch-American commercial rivalry minimized in
2
emphasizes bond between Dutch and Amer. republics
4
London newspapers print rebuttal of regarding salary
33
Published writings: 1787-1788
33
Defence of the Constitutions
14
writing and publication of
1
Published writings: 1788
1
reply to address of welcome by Mass. General Court
3
Published writings: 1789
2
“26 letters to Hendrik Calkoen” published in the Gazette of the United States
1
Twenty-six Letters, 1st Amer. edition
4
Published writings: 1790-1791
5
Published writings: 1803
5
notes of arguments in writs of assistance case (written 1761) published in Minot's History
1
Published writings: 1809
1
Inadmissible Principles of the King of England's Proclamation
38
Published writings: 1809-1810
38
Correspondence . . . in the Boston Patriot
4
comments on Dutch government and British policy
3
comments on efforts to raise Dutch loan
1
comments on establishing academy for English language
1
as commentary on JA's diplomacy
8
Published writings: 1809-1812
8
autobiographical communications to Boston Patriot
35
Published writings: 1810-1811
35
Boston Patriot
33
letters and commentary in
1
deleted material restored in
10
Published writings: 1819
9
Novanglus and Massachusettensis
1
“Letters ... to William Tudor”
2
Published writings: 1841
16
Published writings: 1850-1856
1
Published writings: 1876
24
Papers of John Adams
1
letters of Isaac Smith Sr. (AA's uncle) in
1
arrangement of documents in
1
criteria of selection for
1
cross-references and arrangement of documents in
1
endorsements and docketings in
1
quotations and foreign language documents in
1
translations of French documents
1
treatment of enclosures in
1
treatment of letters in other modern editions
6
Adams Family Correspondence
1
supplements Papers of John Adams
64
Diary and Autobiography
2
accuracy of Autobiography
3
Autobiography described and discussed
1
supplements Papers of John Adams
1
treatment of letters in
6
Diary described and discussed
18
Earliest Diary (sometimes called “Diary Fragment”)
2
discovery and history of MS
1
selected pages illustrated, following
37
Unpublished writings
7
replies to Calkoen's 29 questions
2
character sketch of Francis Dana
2
rebuttal of Tucker's peace proposals
2
“broken hints” on Dutch policies
1
Memorandum Concerning an Invitation from the Neutral Maritime Confederacy to the United States of America
2
criticism of Raynal's Révolution
1
limits correspondence while writing Defence of the Const.
1
replies to Calkoen's 29 questions should be compared to critique of Raynal
1
unfinished commentary on Pownall's motion for peace
1
unsent memorial to States General
1
writes joint letter with AA
1
“Barriers between Great Britain and the United States of America to Peace”
1
“Sketch of the [Dutch] Constitution”
1
correspondence with Lafayette
1
exchanges with AA dominate early family correspondence
1
Unpublished writings: 1759?
4
Unpublished writings: 1760
2
essay decrying the number of alehouses in Braintree
1
essay on appointment of new chief justice
1
letter on the succession to the chief justiceship, caption only
11
Unpublished writings: 1760-1761
4
letters on the evils of licensed houses
4
letters on the evils of licensed houses, captions only
3
sketch map of taverns in Braintree and Weymouth
3
Unpublished writings: 1761
1
New Year's letter to “Dear Nieces,” caption only
1
fragment on demagogical orators
1
letter to “Dear Nieces” on the conduct and habits of young ladies
3
Unpublished writings: 1763
1
essay on man's lust for power
1
fragment on political partisanship
1
letter to young gentlemen on the evils of factionalism, caption only
4
Unpublished writings: 1765
1
essay on the Boston mob in Stamp Act crisis
1
letter on office-seekers, caption only
1
letter on the pillaging of Andrew Oliver's house, caption only
1
“A Dissertation Upon Seekers—of Elections”
1
Unpublished writings: 1766
1
notes for an article on Thomas Hutchinson's public emoluments
2
Unpublished writings: 1766-1770
2
replies to Jonathan Sewall's “Philanthrop” articles
1
Unpublished writings: 1767
1
letters replying to Jonathan Sewall by Misanthrop
1
Unpublished writings: 1769
1
proposed account of the Corbet case
3
Unpublished writings: 1770
1
Gov. Winthrop to New England inhabitants, caption only
1
draft of a newspaper piece, caption only
1
“Governor Winthrop to the Inhabitants of New England”
1
Unpublished writings: 1771
1
essay on rights of juries
7
Unpublished writings: 1772
1
draft of a newspaper piece on courtiers, caption only
1
essay on morality in government
1
notes for a patriotic address at Braintree, caption only
1
notes for patriotic address at Braintree
1
“The Brace of Adams's,” caption only
2
Unpublished writings: 1773
1
letter to Thomas Hutchinson by Chrispus Attucks, caption only
1
letter to Thomas Hutchinson signed “Chrispus Attucks”
9
Unpublished writings: 1774
3
report on Massachusetts' territorial claims
2
fragments of a report to the General Court on Massachusetts boundaries
1
ideas for a “History of the Contest between Britain and America”
1
letter to Alexander Wedderburn
1
motion on nonexportation and defense
1
reply to A Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans
1
Unpublished writings: 1775
1
Braintree report on minutemen
1
Attributed writings: 1776
1
Paine's Common Sense attributed to JA
80
Letterbooks
10
letters in, suppressed
3
correspondence with Vergennes in
3
absence of Letterbook copies, March-May 1779
2
dating of documents and
2
moved from Paris to Amsterdam
1
JA keeps household accounts in
1
and dating of conversation with S. Hartley
1
composition of letter in
3
copies and emendations by others in
1
note in on Thaxter's copying
1
numbering of letters to Livingston in
1
private letters from Netherlands in
1
sends copy of Commissioners' Letterbook to congress
2
“Vergennes's snarling, growling letters” in
2
copies of letters from Vergennes and Sartine in
2
keeps for Commissioners
42
papers of, studies and methodized
13
projected biography of
11
Sparks' use of letterbooks of
7
CFA studies and arranges papers
6
correspondence with CFA
6
CFA on journals and writings
4
diary of, read, copied, collated
3
and Cunningham correspondence
3
as minister to Great Britain
3
travels to England to recover health
2
Defence of the Constitutions
2
JQA's biographical writings of
2
and John Taylor of Caroline
2
arrival in Boston and reunion with JQA (1788)
2
comments on July 4th celebration
4
creates Adams Temple and School Fund
3
final illness and death
2
ignored in Grahame's History
2
injunction to grandsons
3
notes on Terence transcribed by CFA
2
recollections and anecdotes
2
travels between Paris and Holland
1
CFA affected by notice of
1
CFA reads Everett oration to
1
Chronology of JA's Legal Career
1
Chronology of JA's Life and Public Service
1
Golden Verses of Pythagoras
1
John Pierce visits and attends funeral
1
Pickering's pamphlet attack on
1
Sparks', interpretation of
1
abused by Maj. Henry Lee
1
and Benjamin Waterhouse
1
and Hamilton's pamphlet (1800)
1
and Thomas Brand Hollis
1
and failure of Bird, Savage, & Bird
1
and treaty with Barbary States
1
anniversary of birth noted
1
as American commissioner (1783)
1
asks Mably to write moral catechism
1
astronomy course at Harvard
1
attends Harvard commencement
1
benefactions for Stone Temple, Quincy
1
calls Old House “Montezillo”
1
comments on JQA as secretary
1
correspondence with Dumas
1
defeated for second term
1
first law case (Field v. Lambert)
1
fondness for conversation
1
funeral services at Washington
1
gives Mt. Ararat tract to Quincy
1
gives power of attorney to Dr. Tufts
1
hears GWA's Fourth of July oration
1
lack of interests in old age
1
leaves Quincy house and land to JQA
2
library given to Quincy
1
on GWA and Mary C. Hellen
1
resistance to popular feeling
1
views on historical events corroborated by Hutchinson
1
CFA's diary and political thinking of
1
comments on AA's letters
1
first resident of White House
1
on JQA's treatment of his children
1
to CFA on mathematics and law
See also: Adams Temple and School Fund
