Papers of John Adams, volume 3

I. Resolutions of the Congress on Intercepting British Vessels, 5 October 1775 JA Continental Congress

1775-10-05

I. Resolutions of the Congress on Intercepting British Vessels, 5 October 1775 Adams, John Continental Congress

I. Resolutions of the Congress on Intercepting British Vessels

Thursday, October 5, 1775

Resolved,1 That a letter be sent by Express to Genl Washington, to inform him, that they Congress having received certain intelligence of the sailing of two north country built Brigs, of no force, from England, on the 11 of August last, loaded with arms, powder, and other stores, for Quebec, without a convoy, which it being of importance to intercept, that he apply to the council of Massachusetts bay, for the two armed vessels in their service, and despatch the same,2 with a sufficient number of people, stores, &c. particularly a number of oars, in order, if possible, to intercept said two Brigs and their cargoes, and secure the same for the use of the continent; Also, any other transports laden with ammunition, cloathing, or other stores, for the use of the ministerial army or navy in America, and secure them in the most convenient places for the purpose abovementioned; that he give the commander or commanders such instructions as are necessary, as also proper encouragement to the marines and seamen, that shall be sent on this enterprize, which instructions, &c., are to be delivered to the commander or commanders sealed up, with orders not to open the same until out of sight of land, on account of secresy.

That a letter be wrote to said honble council, to put said vessels under the General's command and direction, and to furnish him instantly with every necessary in their power, at the expence of the Continent.

Also that the General be directed to employ said vessels and others, if he judge necessary, to effect the purposes aforesd; informing the General that the Rhode Island and Connecticut vessels of force will be sent directly after them to their assistance.

That a letter be wrote to Govr Cooke, informing him of the above, and desiring him to despatch one or both the armed vessels of the 139 image colony of Rhode Island on the same service, and that he take the precautions abovementioned.3

Also that a letter be wrote to Govr Trumbull, requesting of him the largest vessel in the service of the colony of Connecticut, to be sent on the enterprize aforesaid, acquainting him with the above particulars, and recommending the same precautions.4

That the encouragement recommended by this Congress to be given shall be, on this occasion, that the master, officers and seamen, shall be intitled to one half of the value of the prizes by them taken, the wages they receive from the respective colonies notwithstanding.5

That the said ships and vessels of war to be on the continental risque and pay, during their being so employed.

Reprinted from ( JCC , 3:278–279); Dft not found.

These resolutions grew out of the report (not found) of a committee appointed on 5 Oct., which, according to JA, was composed of himself, Silas Deane, and John Langdon. The Journals do not give the names of the members (same, 3:277). As JA recalled the episode, the question of whether to try intercepting the ships caused sharp debate, for the attempt was thought by some to be imprudent and potentially destructive of the morals of American seamen because it might put their minds upon plunder. JA and others argued that success would bring needed supplies and would be an encouraging stroke at the enemy. JA added that it would be the beginning of “a System of maritime and naval Opperations.” Because he wrote these recollections long after the event (in 1805) and because he showed some confusion about his own role at this early stage in bringing naval operations into being, one must be cautious about accepting JA's account. He says nothing about his contribution to the report which led to these resolutions ( Diary and Autobiography , 3:342–343).

Actually Washington had decided on recruiting two armed vessels before he received these orders from the congress (Instructions to Col. John Glover and Stephen Moylan, 4 Oct., Writings, ed. Fitzpatrick, 4:6–7). For the outcome, see Benjamin Hichborn to JA, 25 Nov., note 9 (below).

The published records of Rhode Island do not give the colony's action on the request of the congress.

For the action taken by Connecticut, see Conn. Colonial Records , 15:131.

“On the margin of the ‘corrected Journal’ the words ‘2. this particularly’ were written against this paragraph” (ed. Worthington C. Ford's note).

II. Committee Report on Gunpowder Sent to the Northern Army, 16 October 1775 JA Langdon, John Dyer, Eliphalet Continental Congress

1775-10-16

II. Committee Report on Gunpowder Sent to the Northern Army, 16 October 1775 Adams, John Langdon, John Dyer, Eliphalet Continental Congress

II. Committee Report on Gunpowder Sent to the Northern Army

post 16 Oct. 1775 1

The Committee appointed to enquire, what Powder has been Sent to the Army in the Northern Department, have attended that service and beg Leave to report

That five Thousand Weight of Powder, sent from South Carolina, has been forwarded to the said Army.	5000 wt.
140
That Two Thousand one hundred and thirty six Pounds Weight have been forwarded to the Same Army from the City of Philadelphia.	2136
That Seventeen hundred Weight have been forwarded from New York.	1700
That Eight hundred Weight has been forwarded from Connecticutt.	800
That Thirteen hundred Weight has been forwarded at another Time from the City of Philadelphia.	1300
	10936
In Addition to which Two thousand Weight has been lately ordered to New York and from there to the same Army.2	2000
	12,936

MS in JA's hand (Adams Papers, Microfilms, Reel No. 346, filmed under date [1776–1778]).

On 16 Oct. a committee composed of John Langdon, Eliphalet Dyer, and JA was ordered to make a survey of the amounts of gunpowder sent to the northern army and by whom. The Journals do not record any report made or accepted ( JCC , 3:296).

Pres. Hancock informed Gen. Schuyler of the shipment of powder in his letter of 11 Oct. (Burnett, ed., Letters of Members , 1:228).