Index: Papers of John Adams, Volume 14
Adams, John (1735–1826, designated as JA in The Adams Papers)
582
Public Life
294
Diplomacy, 1781–1783, Joint Commission to Negotiate Anglo-American Peace
27
delay in definitive treaty
16
congratulated on negotiations
16
Congress’ instructions to commissioners
15
signs armistice with Britain
11
drafts articles for treaty
12
decision to negotiate without informing France
10
negotiations on loyalists
9
sends James Warren and Jackson letters originally intended for Livingston
9
progress of and prospects for negotiations
8
relations with France and
7
negotiation of definitive treaty
5
Barbé-Marbois’ intercepted letter and
6
meetings regarding negotiations
5
negotiation of and prospects for draft treaties
6
negotiation of preliminary treaty
4
communication of intelligence to loan consortium
5
signs preliminary treaty
4
supplies documentation on Mass. boundaries
3
proposed joint Anglo-Amer. citizenship
3
Anglo-Amer. commercial treaty and
3
appointment of W. T. Franklin as secy. to peace commission
3
attends signing of preliminary peace treaties between Britain, France, and Spain
3
general peace conference’s effect on definitive treaty
3
publication of preliminary treaty
3
recognition of U.S. and
3
signs letter from commissioners
4
writes to J. Warren about U.S. foreign policy
5
accounts of negotiations
2
proposed articles for definitive treaty
5
Congress considers JA’s resignation
3
unable to decipher Congress’ instructions
2
drafts letters for commissioners
2
informs Dana of preliminary treaty
2
sends documents to Congress
2
signs definitive treaty
2
as “le Washington de la Negotiation”
1
Barclay seeks information on negotiations
1
commissions seal to commemorate negotiations
1
Congress reportedly commissions Mably to prepare code of laws
2
conversation with Whitefoord
1
correspondence with Dumas
1
directs loan consortium to remit funds
1
drafts version of definitive treaty
1
informs Dana of armistice
1
invited to London to be presented at court
1
Laurens’ attendance at negotiations and
1
W. Lee advises on negotiations
1
Marblehead rewards for support of fisheries
1
Montgomery seeks recommendations from
1
parliamentary debates on preliminary treaty and
1
Juliana Penn seeks assistance from
1
proposal to supply Congress with copper blanks
1
publication of commission
1
ratification of preliminary treaty
1
recommends Dana as commissioner
2
refuses to meet with Franklin
1
2d Congregational Church of Newport seeks help from
1
analysis of U.S. foreign policy
1
assumption of duties as
195
Diplomacy, 1780–1788, Mission to the Netherlands
13
funds for Dana’s Russian mission and
10
disposal of proceeds from Dutch-Amer. loan and
8
ratification of Dutch-Amer. Treaty and
7
to supply information about European armies
6
French opposition to efforts of
6
negotiation of Dutch-Amer. Treaty
5
allied recognition of principles of Armed Neutrality and
6
Anglo-Amer. peace negotiations and
5
appointment of minister to replace
5
medal commemorating Dutch recognition of U.S. and
4
Anglo-Dutch peace negotiations and
4
Dutch-Amer. Treaty sent to Congress by
4
efforts to assist Dutch peace negotiators
5
origin, progress, and results of mission
3
appointment of Dutch minister to U.S.
3
Dutch peace instructions sent to Livingston by
3
memorial to States General seeking Dutch recognition of U.S. and
3
obligations from Neufville loan
3
toast celebrating Dutch recognition of U.S. and
5
Congress considers resignation of
2
Congress’ instruction to consult with Lafayette
2
conversation with Markov
2
Dutch recognition of U.S. and
2
Hancock’s proclamation on Dutch recognition of U.S. and
2
additional loan proposals and
2
medal commemorating signing of Dutch-Amer. Treaty and
3
medal honoring Friesland’s recognition of U.S. and
2
payment of protested bill
2
treatment of in M. O. Warren’s proposed history of Amer. Revolution
2
Yorke’s rumored reappointment as ambassador to Netherlands and
1
accounts sent to Congress by
1
appointed to replace Laurens
1
appointment of Dutch minister to Britain
1
conversation with Vergennes
1
conveys information to loan consortium
1
correspondence with Dumas
1
Dana’s mission to Russia and
1
Dutch contributions to war effort
1
Grinnel assists in obtaining loan
1
leaves papers at The Hague
1
letter of credence to William V
1
negotiation of Dutch-Amer. loan
1
passports for Dutch ships
1
publication of Dutch-Amer. Treaty and
1
ratified loan contracts sent to loan consortium by
1
receives code from Livingston
1
relations between U.S. and Hamburg and
1
possible return to Netherlands
1
Swedish-Amer. Treaty and
1
Franklin’s effort to frustrate mission
53
Diplomacy, 1779–1781, Mission to Negotiate Anglo-American Treaties
16
commission to negotiate commercial treaty revoked
7
commission to negotiate commercial treaty
5
as de facto minister to Britain
3
instructions for proposed commercial treaty
2
commission to negotiate peace treaty
2
communication of commissions to Brit. ministry
1
commission to negotiate peace treaty revoked
1
correspondence with Dumas
2
instructions for proposed peace treaty
1
mission to Netherlands and
18
Continental Congress
2
Du Coudray’s commission and
2
meets with Howe peace commission
1
separation from AA for service in
14
Diplomacy, 1785–1788, Minister to Great Britain
7
deserving of appointment as
3
describes ideal candidate for
2
Dumas on possible appointment as
1
W. Gordon calls for JA’s appointment
1
Jay sends claims for compensation to
4
Diplomacy, 1777–1779, 1st Joint Commission at Paris
2
relationship with French during
1
correspondence with Dumas
1
Franklin’s opinion of A. Lee and Izard and
3
Diplomacy, 1783–1785, Joint Commission to Negotiate Commercial Treaties
1
commission and instructions for (1784)
1
Congress never implements resolution appointing
475
Opinions
71
Peace Negotiations
7
Shelburne’s influence on
3
Anglo-Amer. commerce and definitive treaty
4
problems of U.S. deference to France in
2
assertions that Britain could have obtained better peace
1
Anglo-Amer. peace as “the Providence of God, not the good Will of England of France, nor yet the Wisdom and Firmness of Congress”
1
Congress’ debates over preliminary treaty
1
Congress’ ratification of
2
as to the fisheries, “for the rest of my Days I shall consider my self as a Marblehead or Cape-Ann Man”
1
Hartley’s new commission
1
indecisiveness of parties to
1
loyalist responsibility for Anglo-Amer. conflict
1
importance of missions to Netherlands and Russia in
1
order of names in commission
1
“Our Countrymen love Buck Skins Beaver Skins, Tom Cod & Pine Trees too well, to hang their Ministers for accepting them”
1
“Our Tom Cod are Safe, in Spight of the Malice of Ennemies the Finesse of Allies and the Mistakes of Congress”
1
proposals for evacuation of New York
1
ratification of preliminary treaty
1
reaction of Americans to preliminary treaty
1
should have been congress to settle
1
Vergennes as obstacle in
65
Great Britain
10
political situation in
5
appointment of U.S. minister to
6
failure to conclude Anglo-Amer. commercial treaty
6
Shelburne’s attitude toward Anglo-Amer. trade
2
future Anglo-Amer. relations
2
compensation for Amer. losses by
2
effect of peace on U.S. and
2
parliamentary debates on preliminary treaty
2
rumored new campaign against France and Spain by
1
attitude toward colonies of
1
debt to and compensation of loyalists
1
Dutch neutral rights and
1
“G. Britains Misfortunes have arisen, from the Ignorance in her Rulers of the American Character”
1
Order in Council of 14 May 1783 was “the first link in that great chain of Orders in Council, which has been since stretched and extended, till it has shackled the commerce of the whole globe”
1
“The more Priviledges they allow America, the better for themselves.— Every Restraint will hurt only themselves”
1
public opinion in favors Anglo-Amer. settlement
1
publication of preliminary treaty by
1
U.S. agreement to preliminary treaty
1
Writs of Assistance case and
57
Diplomacy
14
Dana’s execution of his mission
6
appointment of minister to Britain
4
Swedish commission to negotiate treaty
3
Congress’ failure to support its ministers
2
Austro-Russian mediation
2
European opposition to Amer. independence
2
negotiation of Swedish-Amer. Treaty
2
U.S. representation in Europe
1
appointment of minister to negotiate Anglo-Amer. commercial treaty
1
P. J. van Berckel’s posting to U.S.
1
Congress’ plan for commercial treaty
1
Congress’ revocation of commission and instructions to negotiate Anglo-Amer. commercial treaty
1
difficulty of transmitting intelligence from Europe
1
efforts to divide Amer. ministers in Europe
1
effect of mission on his own character
1
fisheries in Anglo-Amer. commercial treaty
1
France and Spain’s willingness to conclude agreement on neutral rights
1
“Gratitude, Friendship unsuspecting Confidence, and all the most amiable passions in human-nature, are the most dangerous Guides in Policies”
1
Livingston’s criticism of
1
Livingston’s view of Franco-Amer. relations
1
“Nations have generally had as much difficulty to arrange their affairs with their Allies, as with their Enemies”
1
rank and titles in Europe
1
use of English by U.S. diplomats
1
sent as a diplomat to “wander about the World for Eight Years in quest of Deerskins, Pine Trees & Cod Fish”
1
“We hear so much said about a genteel address … that one would think a Dancing Master and French Master, the only Tutors necessary to educate a Statesman”
1
“We ought to trust Nobody in Europe”
59
United States
7
future foreign policy of
5
Congress’ incompetence in foreign affairs
3
foreign ministries’ communication with diplomats
3
need to protect from European manners
1
admission of ships of to Spanish colonial ports
1
ambition of to be “a Temple of Liberty, set open to all the World”
1
“America has been long enough involved in the Wars of Europe. She has been a football between contending Nations from the Beginning”
1
“The business of America with Europe was Commerce, not Politicks nor War”
1
commercial connections with Europe
1
“I cannot think our Country will hang her Ministers merely for their Simplicity in being cheated into Independence, the Fisheries and half the great Lakes”
1
“It is our Business to render our Country an Asylum, worthy to recieve all who may wish to fly to it”
1
Spanish opposition to boundaries of
1
“The United States are a great Power, & will & ought to be courted by all the World”
52
Individuals
1
Breteuil’s rivalry with Vergennes
49
Benjamin Franklin
5
relations with other U.S. ministers
3
negotiation of Franco-Amer. treaties by
2
compares with S. Adams and Washington
1
JA’s 1780 dispute with Vergennes and
1
appointment to negotiate Swedish-Amer. Treaty
1
“The Curse and Scourge of our foreign Affairs”
1
decision to violate commissioners’ instructions
1
“Disgusted with nothing but Integrity & cares for nothing but his place”
1
as “dishonest Dotard” in his “Second Childhood”
1
effect of on U.S. diplomacy
1
“the feelings, if not the rights of every American Minister in Europe have been wantonly sacrificed to Dr: F’s vanity”
1
“His whole Life has been one continued Insult to good Manners and to Decency”
1
“If I was in Congress, and this Gentleman & the Marble Mercury in the Garden of Versailles were in Nomination for an Embassy, I would not hesitate to give my Vote for the Statue, upon the principle that it would do no harm”
1
“I will not be horse Jockeyed” by
1
control of Dutch-Amer. loan
1
payment of JA’s salary by
1
views of Vergennes and contrasted
40
France
6
influence of on U.S. foreign affairs
6
seeks to keep U.S. dependent
4
influence of on revocation of commission to negotiate Anglo-Amer. commercial treaty
3
military and naval operations
3
efforts to obstruct U.S. diplomatic efforts in Europe by
2
Barbé-Marbois’ intercepted letter
1
Amer. character not understood in
1
“French Policy has obstructed the progress of our Cause in Europe, more than British”
1
“French Policy is So subtle, so penetrating and encroaching a Thing, that the only Way to oppose it, is to be steady, patient and determined”
1
La Luzerne and Barbé-Marbois as creatures of Vergennes
1
opposition to Dana’s efforts in Russia by
1
opposition to U.S. access to fisheries and western lands by
23
Comte de Vergennes
6
character, abilities, and policies of
3
opposition to U.S. interests
1
Dutch interests subordinated to French by
1
efforts to undermine U.S. diplomats
1
greater enemy than British ministry
1
“He has meant Us too much Evil; is too conscious of it and too sensible that We know it”
1
“He loved Franklin more than me, but because he knew Franklin would be more obsequious”
1
“It is not easy to explain the Motives of a little Mind, which has no fixed Principle of Action”
1
“I will not be horse Jockeyed” by
1
“means to keep us down if he can.— to keep his Hand under our Chin, to prevent Us, from drowning, but not to lift our Heads out of Water”
1
motives for 1780 dispute with
1
position as foreign minister
1
reputation of and role in Gustavus III’s coup d’état
1
as “a Vulcan at Versailles”
1
control of Dutch-Amer. loan
22
Miscellaneous
3
Laurens-Jenings dispute
1
Boston Massacre and trial
1
duty more important than reputation
1
General Washington’s delayed sailing
1
Herman Heyman’s Sons’ trading venture
1
“I do not affect Singularity, nor love to be in a minority, tho’ Truth and Justice have sometimes obliged me to be so”
1
“I have hitherto lived an independant Man, and it is my intention to die so”
1
Jenings’ precept “Make & keep Independence independent”
1
Lagau’s request for reimbursement
1
manufacture of coaches in Europe and America
1
Mass. representation in Congress
1
others will be credited with successes and he for failures
2
Adam Smith’s views on trade
1
truth as “the first and most essential Virtues of a public Man”
27
History of American Revolution
8
sources needed to write
4
advice to Cerisier on writing
4
advice to Mably on writing
3
interest in and concern over writing of
1
nature and effect of Revolution in U.S. and Europe
1
organization of era into four periods
1
published in London and Paris
1
M. O. Warren’s proposed history of Amer. Revolution and
10
Netherlands
2
Amer. Revolution as model for
1
publication of preliminary treaty in
1
raising Dutch-Amer. loan
1
territorial concessions to Spain at expense of
1
ineffective war effort against England
161
Letters From
1
2d Congregational Church of Newport, R.I. (1783)
1
Abbé Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (1783)
1
Addenet de Maison Rouge (1783)
1
Alleyne Fitzherbert (1783)
2
Antoine Marie Cerisier (1783)
1
Arnold Henri Dohrman (1783)
2
Benjamin Vaughan (1783)
1
Brandenburg & Co. (1783)
1
Duc de La Vauguyon (1783)
1
Duncan Ingraham Jr. (1783)
1
Elkanah Watson & François Cossoul (1783)
1
Etienne Louis Geoffroy (1782)
1
Félix Vicq d’Azyr (1783)
1
Herman Heyman’s Sons (1783)
1
Jacobus & Jan Anthony Murray (1783)
1
Jean François Marmontel (1783)
1
Jean George Holtzhey (1782)
1
Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol (1783)
1
Lady Juliana Fermor Penn (1782)
1
Mercy Otis Warren (1783)
1
Michel Guillaume St. Jean de Crèvecoeur (1783)
2
Parish & Thomson (1783)
1
Philippe André Joseph de Létombe (1783)
4
Philippe Jean Joseph Lagau (1783)
1
Pieter Johan van Berckel (1783)
2
Robert Montgomery (1783)
3
Robert R. Livingston (1782)
2
Robert R. Livingston (1783)
1
Samuel Vaughan Jr. (1783)
1
Société Bourgeoise of Leeuwarden (1783)
4
Wilhem & Jan Willink (1782)
3
Wilhem & Jan Willink (1783)
6
loan consortium (Wilhem & Jan Willink, Nicolaas & Jacob van Staphorst, and De la Lande & Fynje) (1782)
5
loan consortium (Wilhem & Jan Willink, Nicolaas & Jacob van Staphorst, and De la Lande & Fynje) (1783)
150
Personal
65
Miscellaneous
6
AA and AA2’s proposed trip to Europe
4
Laurens-Jenings dispute and
3
desire to return to U.S.
3
recommends J. Grigby Jr.
2
Nancy Dumas’ songs sent to
3
Harvard awards honorary degree
2
introduces Wheelock to Dutch friends
1
assists Amer. prisoners
1
attends ceremony of Ordre du St. Esprit
1
as “the Cold phlegmatic Dutchman”
1
desire to return to Netherlands
1
forwards diploma to Mass. Medical Society
1
“I have Such an Appetite for a Boston Fish Dinner”
2
informs H. Laurens of J. Laurens’ death
1
“It can never be the Duty of one Man to be concerned in more than one Revolution”
2
Libertas Americana medal and
1
“not the most careful Man in the World”
1
relationship with Van der Kemp
1
seeks information on R. Tyler
1
sends Dana miniature of Washington
45
JQA
12
concern over whereabouts of
8
receives information on
3
thanks those who provided information on
2
concern over education of
1
concern over expenditures of
40
Finances
3
repair or sale of coach
1
assists Chavannes de la Giraudiére
1
Mazzei seeks assistance from
124
Letters To
2
Abbé Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (1783)
1
Alleyne Fitzherbert (1783)
4
Antoine Marie Cerisier (1783)
2
Benjamin Franklin (1782)
1
Benjamin Franklin (1782)(1783)
1
Benjamin Lincoln (1782)
2
Benjamin Vaughan (1783)
1
Duc de La Vauguyon (1783)
1
Duncan Ingraham Jr. (1783)
1
Etienne Louis Geoffroy (1782)
1
François Adriaan Van der Kemp (1783)
1
Félix Vicq d’Azyr (1783)
1
Jacobus & Jan Anthony Murray (1783)
1
Jean George Holtzhey (1782)
1
Jean George Holtzhey (1783)
1
Jean de Neufville & Fils (1783)
1
Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol (1783)
2
Jonathan Jackson (1782)
1
Lady Juliana Fermor Penn (1783)
1
Mercy Otis Warren (1783)
1
Philippe Jean Joseph Lagau (1783)
1
Pieter Johan van Berckel (1783)
7
Robert R. Livingston (1782)
6
Robert R. Livingston (1783)
1
Société Bourgeoise of Leeuwarden (1783)
1
Trustees of Dartmouth College (1783)
1
Wilhem & Jan Willink (1782)
2
Wilhem & Jan Willink (1783)
5
loan consortium (Wilhem & Jan Willink, Nicolaas & Jacob van Staphorst, and De la Lande & Fynje) (1782)
1
loan consortium (Wilhem & Jan Willink, Nicolaas & Jacob van Staphorst, and De la Lande & Fynje) (1783)
144
Writings
91
Published
16
1782
7
“Letters from a Distinguished American”
1
comments on Franco-Amer. alliance in
5
publication and effect of
5
Collection of State-Papers (The Hague and London editions)
2
A Memorial to the Sovereigns of Europe
2
Novanglus, abridged Dutch translation in Geschiedenis ... en Amerika
11
1765
8
“A Dissertation on the Canon and the Feudal Law”
1
as source for history of Amer. Revolution
2
Instructions to Braintree’s representative regarding Stamp Act in Massachusetts Gazette
1
Humphrey Ploughjogger letter in Boston Gazette
8
contributions to Politique hollandais
12
1810–1811
12
Boston Patriot
8
letters and commentary in
1
Letterbooks as source for
5
1781
4
Translation of the Memorial
1
A Memorial To Their High Mightinesses
4
1763
2
Humphrey Ploughjogger letters in Boston Evening Post
2
U letters in Boston Gazette
4
1783
4
Letter to Mably on writing history of Amer. Revolution in Politique hollandais
3
1767
2
“Governor Winthrop to Governor Bradford” in Boston Gazette
1
Humphrey Ploughjogger letters in Boston Gazette
3
1775
2
Novanglus letters in Boston Gazette
1
Novanglus letters in Almon’s Remembrancer
3
1776
1
“From a Gentleman in the Province of Massachusetts, to his Friend in London,” in Almon’s Remembrancer
3
1780
2
Rebuttals to speeches by Conway and Germain in Mercure de France and General Advertiser and Morning Intelligencer (London)
1
Pensées sur la révolution de l’Amérique-Unie
2
1766
2
“Clarendon to William Pym” in Boston Gazette
2
1768
2
Instructions to Boston’s representatives regarding seizure of Liberty
2
1769
2
Instructions to Boston’s representatives regarding efforts to quarter troops
2
1773
2
“The Independence of Judges” in Boston Gazette
2
1816
2
Letter to North American Review
1
contributions to Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique
1
as member of Mass. legislature or of Congress
1
as source for history of Amer. Revolution
1
1784
1
History of the Dispute with America
41
Unpublished
18
1782
16
“Peace Journal”
4
intended initially for J. Jackson
1
AA shares with W. Gordon
2
motive for sending to Livingston
1
AA and Livingston copies compared
2
criticism of Abbé Raynal’s Révolution de l’Amérique
9
Letterbooks
4
letters marked “not Sent”
1
numbering of letters in
1
passage canceled from recipient’s copy restored from
4
1767
1
Misanthrop letters in response to Sewall writing as Philanthrop
1
Humphrey Ploughjogger letter
1
“Governor Winthrop to Governor Bradford,” draft and fragments of letters
5
Diary
3
portions of sent to Livingston
1
account of peace negotiations in
1
1761
1
notes on Writs of Assistance case
1
1774
1
Report on Massachusetts Boundaries
1
1780
1
26 letters in reply to H. Calkoen
2
Adams Family Correspondence
4
Diary and Autobiography
1
as source for “Peace Journal”
1
Legal Papers of John Adams
52
Books and Reading
8
newspaper subscriptions
4
requests pamphlets from B. Vaughan
2
Constitutions of the … States of America
1
Jenings recommends book to
1
visits Boston libraries
52
Travels
21
plans to return to U.S.
9
to and from Europe on La Sensible (1779)
9
to Paris for peace negotiations (1782)
7
proposed return to U.S. with Dutch minister
2
plans to return to Netherlands
1
difficulty of due to poor weather
1
Paris police note arrival of
1
from Paris to the Netherlands (1780)
17
Residences
10
U.S. Legation at The Hague
1
Congress approves purchase of
10
Health and Illnesses
3
1781 fever at Amsterdam
2
comments on his ill health
1
failure of due to stress
1
requires him to go home
1
unable to dine with B. Vaughan
1
List of omitted documents