Papers of John Adams, volume 19

To John Adams from the Marquis de Lafayette, 30 May 1787 Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Adams, John
From the Marquis de Lafayette
My dear friend Paris May the 30th [1787]

our Assembly is Ended; and altho’ the late depredations, and Confusion in the finances Make it Necessary to Encrease the Burthen of the People, Yet Have we Reasons to Rejoice at the More Equal Repartition of taxes, and the Barriers that Have Been placed Against future dilapidations— the Provincial Assemblies above all are a great thing—and you will see we Have obtained Many other points.1

inclosed are the Speeches that were Made at the last General Assembly—2 the interesting one is that of the ArchBishop of toulouse3 86 as it Contains the king’s Answer to the demands of the Bureaux.— I am much pleased with the choice that Has Been made of the ArchBishop—to an UpRight Mind, and an Amiable temper He joins the Greatest Abilities

at the last Meeting of the Bureau of which I was a Member I Made two Motions, the one in favour of the protestants, the other for an Examination of the Criminal laws— Both were Carried Almost Unanimously, Which pleased me the most as, Betwen us, they Had not so well Succeeded in an other Bureau— inclosed I Send You the Petition of the Bureau which was presented to the king By His borther and Graciously Received— I Beg You will keep Not the Measure that is public and ought to be so, But the Resolve itself to Yourself, as I don’t wish to Spread Copies of it Untill it is printed

My Best Respects to Mr̃s Adams Mr̃s Smith, and While you Remember me to the family and all friends Be pleased to Receive the Affectionate Respects of / Your Sincere friend

lafayette

A Circumstance worth Being Remarked is that My Motion in favour of the protestants was Most liberally Supported By the Bishop of langros

RC and enclosures (Adams Papers); internal address: “His Excellency john Adams”; endorsed by AA: “Marquiss Le Fayett / May 30th 1787.”

1.

Lafayette referred to the Assembly of Notables’ replacement of the feudal practice of unpaid labor, or corvée, with cash payments and the liberalization of trade, including free trade in grain and the creation of a customs union (Bosher, French Rev. , p. 101; Schama, Citizens , p. 255).

2.

Lafayette enclosed copies of two petitions. The first demanded greater toleration for Protestants, and the second outlined revisions to France’s criminal law (both Adams Papers); both were presented to Louis XVI by Charles Philippe, Comte d’Artois. At the Assembly of Notables, Lafayette was especially vocal on both topics. In addition to championing religious tolerance, Lafayette called for major reforms to the country’s criminal code of law, including the abolition of torture, more intensive review of death sentences, and humane improvements to prisons (Gottschalk, Lafayette , p. 315; Schama, Citizens , p. 257).

3.

Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne became president of the Assembly of Notables in May. Unlike Charles Alexandre de Calonne, he supported a land tax that was clearly designed to fund the yearly expenses of the government (Schama, Citizens , p. 254–255).

Contract for the Third Dutch Loan to the United States, 1 June 1787 Adams, John
Contract for the Third Dutch Loan
[ 1 June 1787 ]1

On the first day of June in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty seven, appeared before me Pietre Galenus van Hole Notary of Amsterdam, admitted by the honb[. . .] Court of Holland—

His Excellency, The honble: John Adams Esqe. Minister 87 plenipotentiary on the part of the United States of America &c: &c: in quality as especially empowered and authorised by the abovementioned States of America in Congress Assembled, for and in behalf of said States of America to raise a Loan with any person or persons, States or Companies with subjoined Assurance in good faith to ratify and fulfil all that shall be done in this respect by him honble: Appearer according to authentic Copy and Translation of the original Commission or power exhibited to me Notary and deposited in my Custody in behalf of the joint Money Lenders

The honble: Appearer residing in London but being now in this City.—

And the honble: Appearer acknowledged hims[elf] in his aforesaid quality and thus in the name and in behalf of the abovementioned States of America to be duly and lawfully indebted to and in behalf of sundry persons or Money Lenders, in all a sum of one Million of Guilders dutch current Money arising from and on Account of so much ready Money received by him the honble: Appearer in his aforesaid quality to his perfect satisfaction from the said Money Lenders pursuant to the Receipt hereafter mentioned to be signed by the honble: Appearer under the Authentic Copies hereof expressly and formally disavowing the excuse of untold Monies.—

And the honble: Appearer promised in his aforesaid quality to repay and reimburse in this City the said sum of one Million of Guilders free from all Costs, Charges and damages to the abovementioned Money Lenders or their Assigns, at the expiration of Fifteen years after the first day of June 1787 and that in the following manner, to wit,

That the abovementioned principal shall remain fixed during the space of Ten years and that with the Eleventh year and thus on the first day of June 1798, a fifth part or two hundred thousand Guilders of the said principal of one million shall be redeemed and in the same manner from year to year until the first day of June 1802 inclusive, so that the whole principal shall be redeemed and discharged within the abovementioned space of Fifteen years.—

And that meanwhile for said principal at first for the whole and afterwards for the residue, at the expiration of every year, Interest shall be paid; at the rate of five per Cent in the year, Commencing the first day of June 1787, and to continue until the final accomplishment and that on Coupons to be signed by, or on the part of said honble Appearer in his aforesaid quality—

That the abovementioned redeeming shall be performed by drawing in the presence of a Notary and Witnesses in this City after the 88 expiration of the first mentioned Ten years in such a manner that the Nos: of the Bonds or Obligations drawn shall be betimes made known in the public papers—

That the payment of the Interests as also the Redeeming of the respective periods shall be made at the Compting houses of the hereafter mentioned Gentlemen Directors or at such other places within this City as shall likewise be advertised in the public papers.

That the directors of this Negociation shall be Messieurs Wilhem and Jan Willink, and Nicolaas and Jacob van Staphorst of this City Merchants, who are by these presents thereto named and appointed by the honble: Appearer in his aforesaid quality.—

The honble: Appearer promising and engaging in the Names of his Constituents that the Amount of [. . .] Interests, and of the Redeemings to be made from time to time of the said principal, shall be in due time remitted to the aforesaid Gentlemen Directors their Heirs or Successors in good Bills of Exchange, American products or in ready Money, without any abatement or deduction whatsoever.—

That this Bond or Obligation shall never be subject to any Imposts or Taxes already laid or in time to come to be laid in the said United States of America, or any of them, even in case (which God forbid) any War, hostilities or divisions should arise between aforesaid United States or any of them on the one side and the States of these Lands on the other, and that the payment of the principal or Interests of this Bond or Obligation accordingly can in no wise nor under any pretext whatsoever be hindered or delayed.—

The honble. Appearer in his aforesaid quality promising and engaging moreover for and in the Names of the said United States, that there shall never be made or entered into by them or on their parts or any of them, in particular, any Convention or Treaty public or private, at the making of peace or otherwise by which the Validity and accomplishment of these presents might be prejudiced or whereby any thing contrary thereto might be stipulated, but that without any Exception, the Contents hereof shall be kept and maintained in full force.—

The honble: Appearer in his aforesaid quality likewise promises, engages and binds himself by these presents that this Engagement, shall be ratified, and approved as soon as possible by said United States in Congress Assembled and that authentic Copy Translation of said Ratification with the Original shall be deposited in Custody of me the said Notary to be there kept with said authentic Copy Translation of the Commission or power of him honble. Appearer 89 and the engrossed hereof for the Security of the Money Lenders until the abovementioned principal and Interests as aforesaid shall be redeemed and paid off.—

And there shall be made of this Act (as the honble: Appearer in his aforesaid quality consents) above and besides the abovementioned engrossed, one thousand authentic Copies which shall be of the same force and value and have the same effect as the engrossed one, under every one of which, Copies shall be placed a Receipt of One thousand Guilders dutch Current Money either on name or in blank at the choice of the Money Lenders to be signed by him honble: Appearer and which Receipts shall be respectively numbered from No. 1 to 1,000 inclusive and countersigned by the abovementioned Gentlemen Directors and duly recorded by me the said Notary as a testimony that no more than one thousand Bonds or Obligations are numbered by virtue of this Act.

All which authentic Copies with the Receipts there underplaced, shall at the Redeeming of the principal, be restored by the Bearers.—

On failure of prompt payment as well of the principal as of the Interests at the appointed periods the principal or residue thereof may be demanded by the Gentlemen Directors in behalf of the Money Lenders who shall be then interested therein and the aforesaid Constituents and Committents of him honble: Appearer shall in that Case be held and bound to redeem and discharge immediately in one sum the remaining principal with the interests and charges for the Accomplishment and performance of all the above written the honble: Appearer binds in his aforesaid quality and thus in the names and on the part of the abovementioned United States of America, the said United States of America jointly and each of them in particular together with all their Lands, Chattles, Revenues and products and also the Imposts and Taxes already laid and raised in the same or in Time to come to be laid and raised and thus of all the United States of America jointly and each of them in particular and for the whole—

He the honble: Appearer renouncing in the names as above for that purpose expressly, beneficium divisionis as likewise de duobus vel pluribus Reis debendi,2 signifying a Retribution of debts and that when two or more are indebted each of them can satisify with the payment of his portion; the honble: Appearer promising in his aforesaid quality never to have recourse to the said or to any other evasions whatsoever—

This being pass’d (after Translation into English was made hereof 90 and which likewise is signed by the honble: Appearer and deposited in the Custody of me the said Notary,) within Amsterdam aforesaid in the presence of Martinus Gerardus Brondgeest and Jacob de Wolff Witnesses—

(signed) John Adams M: G: Brondgeest J. de Wolff. Pr: Gs. van Hole notary—

Faithfully translated from the dutch Amsterdam the first day June Ao. 1787.

Joannes Vergeel Luc. Son Sworn translator

Dupl (Adams Papers); endorsed: “Ratification, of Loan.” Some loss of text due to a torn manuscript. The [11 Oct.] ratification was attached to the loan and is printed at that date, below.

1.

This contract represents one of five nearly identical loan contracts that JA prepared with the Dutch bankers while acting under his 1780 commission to raise funds in the Netherlands between 1782 and 1788 (vols. 9:452–453; 11:167–171; 13:110–116; 16:80–85). The first contract, of [1 March 1781] with Jean de Neufville & Fils, was unsuccessful, and the remainder were made with the loan consortium of Wilhem & Jan Willink and Nicolaas & Jacob van Staphorst, of which the firm of De la Lande & Fynje was initially also a member. The second, third, and fourth loans were all raised with the loan consortium in order to pay the ongoing interest on the previous loan along with the small amount of principal that had come due. See also the Contract for the Fourth Dutch Loan of [13 March 1788], below.

The Dutch version of the third loan contract was notarized and an English translation was made on 1 June 1787; both Joannes Vergeel and Pieter Galenus van Hole had performed the same duties on earlier loans (vol. 13:116). JA enclosed a Tripl to John Jay with his 16 June letter, but Congress did not ratify it until 11 Oct. (both below).

2.

That is, each state of the United States was responsible for the entire debt rather than for a separate apportionment of it. The two previous contracts contained the same renunciation (vols. 13:116; 16:85).