Papers of John Adams, volume 19
In my Answer to the Letter I had the honor of receiveg from you last Fall by Dr Wales,1 I expressed my Apprehension that the Abbe Mably and some other of our European Friends entertained too gloomy despairing & desconsolate Ideas and Fears, least our Amer̃ Republic should tumble to pieces and come to nothing. Even our worthy & ever to be venerated Friend Dr Price has his Fears for us; and so had Mrs. Macaulay at her first Landing here, but she altered her Judgment and returned with Consolation. The greater part [of the] learned Abbe’s Difficulties & Dangers are nothing [. . . .]ind. We may be capricious, we may do 1000 foolish Things [. . .]ties,
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without ruining the Fœderation or the growing Glory of the United States. There is a com̃on a public Interest, which it is & will be the Interest of too many Millions of Individuals to take Care of; and there is Wisdom transfused through this Body of Individuals; and the Confederation embosoms enough of internal Power to enforce & carry into Execution what Wisdom shall feel to be the public Interest:—there is & will be too much of all these Things to permit a Possibility of the public Interest being essentially neglected. Antient & modern History affords us little Light. They have no Parallels to our State. Of the few Republics that are or ever have been on Earth, there is not one that has any radical Resemblance to ours: there is not one which has Landed Property so equably diffused among the People, as to generate a constant Depende upon and give a decided & permanent Dominion in the People;—I mean in Election of their Governors & chief Rulers—not in Insurrections against the Senate or grand State Representative which stands on their annual Election & Revocation. Even the most libertine Spirits must be sooner or later convinced that, if they should manufacture the Politics never so often, they would terminate in an annual or elected Assembly, as the ultimatum of Liberty. Should civil Wars arise, and thro’ Confiscations Property be Shifted,—yet the most accumulated Property without Entails & Perpetuities will not be dangerous; for such is family fatality that thro’ Luxury & Permission to aliene hereditary Estates, vix Tertius gaudeat Hæres,2 & then it reverts in Effect to the public & mixes with the com̃on Mass of public Prop[erty.]
This has lain by me unfinished for a Leisure Hour of Calmness. But I must beg Leave to dispatch it hastily, to gratify a worthy Friend & Patriot Saml Bishop Esqr who has a son in London, for whom he is very sollicitous. His son Abm. Bishop Esqr is a young Lawyer, graduated here 1778, and last winter went to Lond to finish or perfect the jural Studies, and is now at one of the Inns.3 Should he wait upon yourself, it would be highly pleasg to his worthy Father, that you shd impart to him your kind Counsel as to his Conduct and the Pursuit of his Studies, during the year he proposes to spend in London. I have the Honor to be, Sir, / Yr most obliged hble servt
RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “His Excelly Dr Jno Adams.” Some loss of text where the seal was removed.
Stiles’ previous letter to JA, of 28 Aug. 1786, was carried to Europe by Rev. Samuel Wales of Raynham, Mass., then the Livingston Professor of Divinity at Yale College (vol. 18:286, 432).
Stiles paraphrased the adage “De male quæsitis vix gaudet tertius hæres,” or, a third heir seldom enjoys what is dishonestly acquired.
The budding politician and writer Abraham Bishop (1763–1844), of New Haven, Yale 1778, spent 1787 on a grand tour of Europe, much like his friend and classmate, the poet Joel Barlow. There is no indication that Bishop contacted JA in London, and, once returned to America, Bishop became a staunch critic of the proposed U.S. Constitution. After serving a series of county judicial appointments, Bishop succeeded his father, Samuel Bishop Jr. (1723–1803), in 1803 as port collector at New Haven, a post he held until 1829 (Dexter, Yale Graduates
, 4:17–24; Franklin Bowditch Dexter, comp., Historical Catalogue of the Members of the First Church of Christ in New Haven, Connecticut (Center Church): A.D. 1639–1914, New Haven, 1914, p. 85).
thMarch 1787
I receiv’d yesterday the favor of your letter together with the Defence of the American Constitutions; for which I beg, that you will return to the Author my very respectful compliments: Be pleas’d to assure his Excellency; that I highly value his gift and flatter myself, that it has proceeded from his opinion of my regard for the happiness and liberties of mankind; of which I heartily hope, that the United States of our Countrymen in America may one day become a splendid seat and afford among other circumstances a comfortable reception to Englishmen; if their own domestic condition shall ever oblige them to look abroad for that purpose.
I am / Sir, / Your Most Obedient Servt.
RC (Adams Papers).
This is JA’s last known letter from Robinson-Morris, a former M.P. for Canterbury, who briefly corresponded with JA regarding Anglo-American politics and free trade, beginning in the spring of 1786 (vol. 18:xi–xii, 178).
ante 2 April 1787
I am very much mortified to loose the Pleasure and Advantage of an Excursion to Windsor, to see Mr Herschell2 in Such Company: but the State of my Family is such that I cannot justify leaving it.— Mrs Smith is in Travel and the Anxiety occasioned by this Event has made Mrs Adams so much worse, that I should be very bad Company at Windsor, and what is more decisive, it becomes my Duty to stay at home.3 You will therefore be so good as to make my best Respects
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to Dr Priestly and Compliments to Mr Wilkinsen,4 and to excuse the Trouble given you, by Dear sir your Friend & humble / servant
RC (PPAmP:Benjamin Vaughan Papers); addressed: “Benjamin Vaughan Esq. / Jeffries’s Court.”; internal address: “Benjamin Vaughan Esqr”; endorsed: “Adams.”
London merchant Benjamin Vaughan, who arranged an array of cultural visits and tours for the Adamses during their time in London, last wrote to JA on 21 March (Adams Papers). Vaughan asked JA to edit an unidentified friend’s pamphlet describing the Corporation Act (1661) and Test Act (1673), which barred all but practicing Anglicans from holding civil, military, and political offices. While there is no record of JA’s assessment of it, Vaughan took up the theme, writing A Collection of Testimonies in Favor of Religious Liberty, in the Case of the Dissenters, Catholics, and Jews. By a Christian Politician, London, 1790.
Hanoverian William Herschel (1738–1822), who discovered the planet Uranus six years earlier, had served unofficially as royal astronomer since 1782. Herschel set up his telescopes at Windsor Castle, the summer home of King George III (
DNB
).
In his 6 April 1787 reply to JA (Adams Papers), Vaughan advised visiting the Windsor observatory during the first quarter of the moon’s phase. JA had toured the grounds in July 1786, yet he made no mention of a return trip. Later, JA wrote of his “amazement” when “contemplating the heavens through the telescopes of Herschell” (
AFC
, 7:268–270; JA, Defence of the Const.
, 3:504).
JA was reluctant to leave AA, who was ailing from rheumatism, and AA2, who was in labor (travail). JA’s first grandchild, William Steuben Smith, was born on 2 April 1787 (
AFC
, 8:6, 12).
John Wilkinson (1728–1808), of Clifton, England, was an ironmaster and industrialist who manufactured blast furnaces, cylinders, and cannon. Wilkinson supplied the steam-engine cylinders for Matthew Boulton and James Watt’s Albion Mill, which JA and Thomas Jefferson toured in April 1786 (vol. 18:250;
DNB
).