Adams Family Correspondence, volume 14
th:Sept
r:1800
Since my last to you, I have none of your favors, although I have within a week past received three letters from my Brother with your mark upon them. The last of these came to hand this day & was written while my brother was upon his journey to Silesia.1 The details of his travels are very interesting.
The most remarkable domestic occurrence, since the date
of my last, is the discovery of a pretty extensive combination among the
Slaves in the Southern States, for the purpose of a practical illustration
of those seducing theories—the equal rights of all
men, which they have been accustomed to hear discussed, with great
zeal, for several years past, at the tables of their owners. The
perpetration of the plot was alone prevented by an intervention, almost
supernatural. A black cloud arose in the afternoon, preceeding the night
when the general Massacre of the white inhabitants of Richmond & its
vicinity, was to have taken place; & a flood of rain, which soon burst
from it, so deluged the Country, as to render the execution, for that night,
impracticable; the sudden overflow of a small stream, cut off the
communication of some of the principal conspirators, from the place of
rendezvous; in the mean time, the plot was revealed or detected, and many of
the principal actors were seized & sent to prison— They have been tried
in a summary manner & publicly executed; the particulars, which
transpired at their trials, were of a nature to shock insensibility itself—
The enterprize was boldly conceived—arms were provided & the whole
Country might have been, at this moment, a scene of carnage &
desolation, but for the providential discovery— An insurrection of a similar
nature has broken out in the neighborhood of Charleston S.C. and though less
formidable than at first represented, it forebodes much danger. Even in
North Carolina & Maryland apprehensions are entertained. It is said,
upon what authority I have been unable to discover, that frenchmen were the
secret instigators of the Virginia revolt, and in the examinations of some
of the detected blacks it appeared in evidence, that the white french inhabitants were to have been spared in
the general massacre. The leader of the whole band, has hitherto escaped 408 although a considerable reward has
been offered by proclamation for his head—2 It is hoped that this warning to
the Southern proprietors, will produce a favorable effect upon their conduct
& alter the style of their inflamatory language on subjects of
government— But if they should prefer paying their debts, by having their
throats cut, they will yet persevere in despite of all this.
The City of Philadelphia yet continues more healthy than any of the neighboring Cities, although New York has been in a great degree exempt from infectious disorders, this season— All our friends are in health.
I can offer nothing but conjecture upon the subject of our Elections— The Democrats are very strong, both in skill, intrigue & numbers— The failure, (as we hear) of the negociation with France, will I apprehend do some harm to the federal cause.
I am, with esteem, your friend
RC (OCHP:Joseph Pitcairn Letters); internal
address: “J Pitcairn Esqr:.”
The letters from JQA that TBA received most recently were those of 28 May, above; 10 June, for which see JQA to AA, 12 June, note 7, above; and probably 23 July, for which see A Tour of Silesia, 20 July 1800 – 17 March 1801, No. I, note 11, above (AA to Catherine Nuth Johnson, 10 Oct. 1800, Adams Papers).
Gabriel (1776–1800), a literate artisan enslaved by
Thomas Henry Prosser, planned a slave revolt in Richmond, Va., for 30
Aug. with support from at least two unidentified Frenchmen, but a severe
thunderstorm hampered the action. Gabriel was tried and convicted for
“conspiracy and insurrection” on 6 Oct. and executed four days later.
Twenty-six others were also hanged. The Philadelphia Gazette, 23 Sept., reported a second insurrection
outside of Charleston, S.C., stating that between 700 and 5,000 slaves
participated (Douglas R. Egerton, Gabriel’s
Rebellion: The Virginia Slave Conspiracies of 1800 and 1802,
Chapel Hill, N.C., 1993, p. 20, 21, 65, 69, 102, 108–111, 112, 114; Philadelphia Gazette, 24 Sept.).
TBA wrote to Pitcairn again on 16 and 17 Oct., reporting that Democratic-Republicans had dominated local congressional and state elections (both OCHP:Joseph Pitcairn Letters).