Papers of the Winthrop Family, Volume 2
1630
The Agreement for the Arbella
...... 750 li.
Whereof to be paid in hand
the rest vpon Certificate
of our safe Arivall.1
Agreed with
I owe my Cosli. which is to be allowed his brother in N:E: or payd him at home.
Mr. Stretton of Eastcheape butcher
| Agreed with for Beife | 19 s. the C: |
| For Porke | 20 d. the stone. |
| Neates tounges | 14 d. a peece.2
|
The sides of Beife beinge 29: sides, with 50: peeces of mr. Beechers beife weighed 7900
The Beife is in 15: hhgdes the shankes in 1: hhgd: and the neckes with 16: peeces of Porke in a teirce. and one marked as followeth.
| Beife | peeces | ||
| Nomber | 1: | cont |
130: |
| 2: | 130. | ||
| 3 | 130. | ||
| 4 | 131. | ||
| 5 | 133. | ||
| 6 | 136. | ||
| 7 | 136. | ||
| 8 | 134. | ||
| 9 | 135. | ||
| 10 | 134. | ||
| 11 | 135. | ||
| 12 | 134. | ||
| 13 | 133. | ||
| 14 | 134. | ||
| Shankes | 15 | 56. | |
| Pork 6: hhgdes. | ||
| weighinge in all 28: C | 2 qr. | 23 li. |
Salt for all this viz:
| White salt | 16: | bushels ½ | 2 li.
|
6 s.
|
8 d.
|
| Span |
13: | bushels | 2 | 12 | 0 |
| Bay salt | 3: | bushels | 0 | 13 | 6 |
| Summe | .5 | 12 | 2 | ||
| The charge of salting3 | 2 | 11 | 2 | ||
Sir Rich: Saltonstall.
Mr. Johnson.
Mr. Winthrop.
Mr. Dudleye.
Mr. Coddington
Mr. Ludlowe.
Mr. Bradstreet
Mr. Rossiter.
Mr. Pincheon
Mr. Vassall
Mr. Sharpe.
Mr. Burrowe.
Mr. Brand.
Hen. Kingsbury.
Thos. Kingsburye.
Mr. Revell
Mr. Dutton.
Mr.
Mr. Wilson
Mr. Fines.
Mr. Humfrye.
Mr. Pelham.
Mr. Hen. Winthrop
Mr. Sam. Dudleye.
Mr. Palgrave.
Mr. Gager
Mr. Ball.
Mr. Burrows.
Mr. Hosier.
Mr. Parke.
Mr. Wade
Sir Wm: Brereton
Mr. Cradocke.
Mr. Downinge.
Mr. Rowe.
Mr. Webb.
Mr.
2: ministers.
Mr. Hoffe.
Ro: Cole
Jo: Cole
Simpson.
Sale.
Bolston
Penne.
Jo: Ruggle
Milles
Waterburye.
Jef: Ruggles.
Hawkins
Gosnold
Hamond
Reeder.
Redby.
276318: perch makes an Italli. 1: adventure 800: acli.
|
32000 ac |
| 1200 persons after 50: ac |
60000. |
| 92000 |
| 20: mile in length | } | 100000 ac |
| 8: in bredthe |
The Cookes store.
42. Tonnes of Beere8
10 M: of Bread
16 hogsheads of Beefe—neate.
600 of Haberdyne9
40 bushells of pease.
30 Bushells of Oatemeale.
11. Ferkins of Butter.
03. Way of Cheese.
14. Tonnes of Water Caske10
01. hogshead of Vineger
02 hogsheads of Syder.
1.½ bushells of Musterd Seede.
01. barrell of Flower
100 waight of Suete.
1. barrell of Salte.
8. M. of burneing woode.
6. duzen of Candelles.
100. platters.
4. Trayes.
2. Wooden bowlles.
4. Lanthornes.
4. pompes per water and beere.
3.½ duzen of quarter Cans.
3. duzen of smale Cans.
13. duzen of wooden spoones.
3.½ duzen. Bread basketts.
3.½. duzen Musterd dishes.
2.½. duzen. butter dishes
3. or 4. duzen Trenchers.
1. duzen Codd-lynes.
3. duzen of Codd-hookes.
½. duzen. Mackerill lynes.
1.½. duzen. Mackerill hookes
12. leades.
6. smale Leades.
279The inmost Circle (where the 31: figures are placed must be Cutt out, and placed vpon a moueable Center, then on euery 1: daye of the monthe turne the figure 1* right against that daye of the weeke which the monthe dothe beginne vpon, and everye daye of the weeke will start right against the true daye of the monthe. you must allowe 1: more to Feb
when you have collected a sufficient quantyty of S: liquor (vnlesse you have mother liquor) you must of some of it, make the mother thus, Boyle the saltp
5: li. S: P. 1: li. of Coales: of willowe or Alder or Hazell well burned: 1 li. of Brimstone: or Sulphur prepared with quicksilver: if there be 6 li. or 7: of Peter it is the better.
for a small quantyty it may be made thus.
the materialls being well prepared and finely powdered, putt them togither into a brasse morter, or wood with a brasse bottome, and with a brasse pestle beate it so well for 6: 7: or 8: howres that in cuttinge the same with a knife, you may discover none of the materialls a parte, all wayes moysteninge the same, as you beate it, with a litle cleere water, stronge vineger or aqua vit
then take a Siue, with a velome or parchment or leather bottome made full of holes, of the biggnesse you desire your Cornes, and putt the mater therein, with 2: or 3: short rowlers (moysteninge it a litle, that the dust flye not about) and siftinge them vpon a longe roller over a halfe tubbe, so will the short rollers, (drivinge the matter throughe the holes) make the Cornes come out rounde, yet of severall syzes, like hayleshott which to bringe to one syze, you must passe through severall siues after: and the dust which remaynes, must be wrought againe: then drye the powder in the sune or in a warme place safe from fire: then keepe it in a drye warme place.
your Sulphur must be that which is Called viny, havinge ¼: of quicksilver putt to it in the meltinge.
the Coles, must be quenched with cleere water wherein quicklime hath been slacked, then cleered or filtered, and this water is best to moyste the matter in the working, which will make the powder hard.
281About the E: point of Cape Anne
lye 3: or 4: ilandes which appeare aboue
water & a ledge of rockes vnder water
lyeth to the Eastward of the bigger E:
Ilande,15 which ridge stretcheth about ½ mil
to the E: but a mile or 2: to the
S: of
water aboue 30: fath:
the most northeast of all the said Ilandes is
a small Rocke,16 bare without wood or ought
vpon it, the rest have shrubbes.
within 5: or 6: le: of Cape Anne are store
of mackerell.
The Iles of Sholes are woodye.
Details as to the negotiations for the purchase and the eventual ownership of the Eagle, renamed the Arbella, the one ship bought for the expedition, the others being chartered, will be found in Records of Massachusetts, I. 48, 53, 57, and 58. See also supra, note
note
note 3
The Winthrop Fleet, 33–34.
These notes refer to “Agreements for Bread and Meat,” also in Winthrop's handwriting, to be found supra, pages 171–172. See infra, pages 275 and 309.
“. . . this meat was prepared for the voyage according to the art or 'mystery' of preserving meat practised by the Salters Company.” Banks, The Winthrop Fleet, 30. For evidence that Winthrop was thoroughly satisfied with the “salting,” see infra, page 309.
This list of names was printed by Savage, History of New England, II. 416–417.
The policy of the Company of the Massachusetts Bay with regard to land, can be briefly summarized as follows. The first discussion as to the best method of dividing the land granted the Company occurred on March 3, 1628/29—the day before the Charter passed the seals. On March 5, a committee was appointed to formulate a plan of division; on the tenth, the duties of this committee seem to have been delegated to Governor Cradock. In the General Letter of April 17, 1629, Endecott was directed to buy from the Indians any pretention to ownership of the land named in the Patent. On May 18–19, it was definitely voted that:
1. The names of the adventurers be sent over to Endecott, together with the sums they had underwritten.
2. Every investment of £50 entitled an adventurer to two hundred acres of land and “after that rate for more or less.”
3. Adventurers in the common stock who paid their own way were to receive fifty acres of land for themselves and every member of their families.
4. Persons not adventurers in the common stock who paid their own way were to have fifty acres of land for the “Master of the familie” and more in proportion to “their charge and qualitie,” as the Governor and Council at Salem should decide.
5. Persons transporting servants were to receive fifty acres of land on account of every one.
On May 28, 1629, Endecott was instructed to assign contiguous grants to such men as desired their land to lie together. Finally, in the re-organization of the Company ratified December 1, 1629, the old adventurers, having agreed to write off two-thirds of the value of their original investment, were voted a double portion of land, i.e., four hundred acres for every £50. they had paid in. Records of Massachusetts, I. 28, 30, 34, 304, 42–43, 399, and 64.
Although at first the Company hired Higginson, for instance, as a minister, Graves as an engineer, and Sharpe as an ordnance officer (and artisans as well) by salary (Ibid., I. 28, 29, and 37 f.), later it became necessary to substitute allotments of lands for salaries. For desirable workmen, free passage was often included in such contracts. Rates for the Winthrop Fleet were established at “5 li. a person, and 4 li. a tonn for goods.” (Ibid., I. 65.) For an estimate that the transportation of an “average” family of eight persons and a ton of freight cost almost one thousand dollars, calculated in money of the present day, see Banks, The Winthrop Fleet, 27; and supra, page 184,
note 1.
In the accompanying illustration, the two drawings on the sixth leaf, recto, have been combined with the drawing on the fifth leaf, verso, this last being the drawing in the lower left-hand corner. Two references to the making of sketches by John Winthrop, Jr., of the Landguard Fort at the mouth of the Stour, north of Harwich, occur in letters of Isaac Johnson (December 17, 1629) and John Winthrop, Jr., (January 18, 1629/30), see supra, page note 6note 13
note 2.
For bills for medicine, furniture, and other supplies, see supra, pages 208; 215–218. For a study of the provisions taken on this voyage, see Banks, The Winthrop Fleet, 29–32. A catalogue of things needful to every settler—food for a year, clothing, arms, tools, and household implements, is to be found in the Letter of Thomas Graves, the engineer, which was printed in Higginson's New-Englands Plantation (London, 1630),
Proceedings
, LXII. 319–320. See also the necessities for which Winthrop wrote home, infra, pages 303, 314, and 318.
About ten thousand gallons.
Salt codfish.
Thirty-five hundred gallons.
Stool: to throw up young shoots or stems; of corn, grass, herbage, to throw out lateral shoots producing a thick head of stems or foliage.
N.E.D.
Roche-petre (obs.): for Peter in roach.
N.E.D.
For John Pigot's bill for gunpowder, see supra, page 215.
This chart has been previously reproduced, together with the legends, in
Proceedings
, LXII, 361, and The Founding of Massachusetts (1930), 137, and Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, XXVII. It is the most accurate chart we have of the Cape Ann shore previous to the one in The English Pilot, The Fourth Book, edition of 1765; much too accurate to have been made by any one merely sailing along the coast, as Winthrop did. On the other hand, the legend suggests, if it does not prove, that the chart was in Winthrop's hands on the Arbella. Very likely it is a tracing of a larger chart made by Governor Endecott's orders, and sent back to England as an aid to the Arbella's navigation. The harbor at the upper (eastern) end of the chart is Gloucester Harbor, with Ten Pound Island. Midway, off the Beverly shore, is a group of islands, the southernmost being Baker's, the smallest, the “Little Isle” (Little Misery), and the other three, from west to east, Great Misery, Saul's Rock, and House Island. Of the two arms of the sea to the westward (bottom of the chart), the northern is Beverly Harbor and the North River; the southern, Salem Harbor and the South River. Naumkeag, or Salem, is the peninsula between them. The last indentation to the S. and W. is clearly meant for Marblehead Harbor, and the dots represent the rocks and islands between that and Baker's Island.
Thatcher's Island; the other two islands are called Milk and Straitsmouth.
The Dry Salvages.