Papers of John Adams, volume 21

491 François d’Ivernois to John Adams, 30 July 1796 Ivernois, François d’ Adams, John
From François d’Ivernois
Monsieur no 36 St James’s Place. Londres ce 30 Juillet 1796

Je ne sais si vous aurez reçu de moi un pacquet que je remis il y a quelques mois à un Français qui partait pour Philadelphie & où je vous accusais la réception de votre lettre.1 J’ai apprécié Monsieur comme je le devais, la confiance avec la quelle vous vous y entreteniez avec moi, & autant cette confiance m’a flatté, autant j’ai eu de regrets en voyant que j’avais pu me servir en parlant de vous d’une épithete où la méchanceté pouvait chercher un sens tres différent de celui que j’y avais donné. Je suis persuadé que vous n’y avez pas été trompé, puisque je vous donnai l’epithéte dans le meme sens qu’à MM Necker & Delolme.2 J’avoue cependant qu’en écrivant pour les Francais j’aurais dû penser que ce petit écrit pouvait traverser l’atlantique, & que les interprétations de la méchancete & de l’esprit du parti pourraient tirer une espèce d’injure d’une appellation dont j’avais entendu faire un éloge. J’ai eu un moment la fantaisie de faire un carton à l’Edition Anglaise & d’y mettre une note: Mais j’ai craint que quelque tournure que j’y prisse, on ne soupçonnat que j’avais reçu de votre part quelqu’espèce de reclamation, & j’ai préféré ne point faire envoyer en Amérique 200 exemplaires que j’y destinais. Je vous devais Monsieur, cette espèce d’expiation, car j’ai risqué de vous rendre en mal sans le vouloir, le bien que vous m’avez fait sans le savoir, car de votre coté vous m’avez appellé Docteur dans vos ouvrages, sans que j’aye jamais été décoré du bonnet par aucune université ce qui n’empeche pas que je ne fusse beaucoup plus flatté de le recevoir de votre main.

Mr Elmsly qui aura l’honneur de vous remettre cette lettre & un pacquet que j’y joins, est un des plus anciens amis que j’aye dans ce pays cy, & sous tous les rapports un des hommes les plus respectables que j’aye jamais connu. son départ pour l’amérique est une perte irreparable pour ses amis.3 Comme la qualité de Chef Justice dans la quelle il va etre placé sur les frontieres des Etats Unis, le mettra dans le cas d’avoir des rapports suivis avec votre Gouvernement, j’ai saisi avec empressement cette occasion de lui faire faire votre connaissance, & je lui aurais dû ce service, ne fut-ce quene pour m’acquitter envers lui, autant qu’il est en moi, de l’obligeance qu’il a eue de traduire the Account of the late Revolution in Geneva sur dont le style m’a valu de votre part un compliment qui lui est dû. Il ne me 492 reste rien à vous en dire Monsieur, si ce n’est que l’amérique trouvera en lui un homme de paix, & que les loix de la Province où il va se trouveront sous la sauvegarde de l’homme le plus intégre que je connaisse. Je n’ai pas le courage de vous parler de la malheureuse Europe: chacune des sociétés politiques se laisse écraser l’une apres l’autre par les français, précisément comme dans la destruction de la Monarchie, chacune des Corporations de la Noblesse, du Clergé, & des Parlemens, vit écraser avec indifférence la Corporations qu’elle jalousait, & dont les débris fournirent des armes pour l’écraser à son tour. Il est bien inutile maintenant de compter sur l’épuisement des finances des Français pour espérer de les voir repousser sur leurs anciennes frontières. Tout est me parait changé sous ce rapport, depuis qu’ils ont trouvé le secret de s’emparer des finances de leurs adversaires. Ce pays cy tient ferme contre l’orage & n’en sera sans doute que plus fort lors qu’il restera seul dans la lutte, ce qui n’est point hors des possibles. Mais à quoi aboutira maintenant la prolongation de cette malheureuse guerre? Je n’y vois plus qu’un seul motif de consolation, c’est que la fiévre apostolique des français parait etre passée, & que s’ils peuvent conquérir ils ne peuvent plus révolutioner.

Combien d’applaudissemens méritera un jour l’amérique d’avoir su échapper à la double épidémie de cette révolution & de cette guerre! Et combien je bénis le sage Washington d’avoir su déjouer ceux des Américains qui avaient tenté de provoquer une rupture avec ce pays cy! Je suis bien sur que dans cette occasion, vous avez été un des Anges de la paix & l’un des premiers défenseurs de votre Constitution fédérative. Cette conviction ajoute encore à tous les sentimens de respect que je vous ai voués & avec les quels j’ai l’honneur d’etre / Monsieur / Votre tres humble / & tres obéissant serviteur

F d’Ivernois
TRANSLATION
Sir No. 36 St. James’s Place, London, 30 July 1796

I do not know whether you have received a package from me which I entrusted several months ago to a Frenchman who was on his way to Philadelphia and where I confirmed receipt of your letter.1 I naturally appreciated, sir, the trust with which you conferred with me in the letter. Your trust was as gratifying to me, as I felt ashamed in seeing that, addressing you, I may have employed an epithet in which meanness could construe a very different sense than the one I had lent it. I am convinced that you could not have been mistaken by it, since I gave you the epithet in the same sense 493 as to Messrs. Necker and De Lolme.2 I nevertheless admit that in writing for the French I should have considered that this little piece of writing could cross the Atlantic, and that mean-spirited interpretations and a factional spirit could glean a kind of insult from a designation I had intended as a form of praise. For a moment, I thought of having an insert made for the English edition and to leave a note on it. But whatever turn of phrase I came up with, I feared it would be suspected that I received on your behalf some kind of complaint, and I preferred instead to not have sent to America the 200 copies I earmarked for it. I owed you, sir, this sort of atonement, for, unwittingly, I nearly repaid with evil the goodness you did me unbeknownst to you. For on your end, you called me Doctor in your works, without my ever having been honored with the cap by any university, which did not prevent me from being quite flattered to receive it by your hand.

Mr. Elmsly, who will be honored to hand this letter over to you and the packet I include with it, is one of the most faithful friends I have in this country, and in all regards one of the most respectable men that I have ever met. His departure for America is an irreparable loss for his friends.3 Since the office of chief justice, to which he will be appointed on the frontier of the United States, will put him in a position to maintain steady ties with your government, I promptly seized upon this opportunity to have him make your acquaintance, and I would have owed him this favor were it only to repay a debt of gratitude, so far as was in my power, for the courtesy he did me in translating the Account of the Late Revolution in Geneva, the style of which garnered me praises from you which are due to him. There remains nothing more for me to say, sir, except that America will find in him a peaceful man, and that the laws of the state where he is going will prove to be safeguarded by the most honorable man that I know. I do not have the heart to speak to you of unfortunate Europe. Each of the political societies is being crushed one after the other by the French, exactly as when, during the destruction of the monarchy, each body corporate, the nobility, the clergy, and the parliaments, witnessed with indifference the crushing of the bodies it envied, the debris of which served as a weapon to crush it in its turn. It is quite futile now to count on the exhaustion of French funds in the hopes of seeing them repulsed to their former borders. To me, everything seems altered in this regard, ever since they discovered the secret of taking possession of their enemies’ finances. This country is holding steady against the storm and will doubtlessly emerge the stronger once it is left alone in the ring, which is not outside the realm of possibility. But what shall now be the result of this sad war’s prolongation? I see in it only one cause for comfort, which is that the fanatical fever of the French appears to have broken, and that while they can conquer, they can no longer revolutionize.

How many praises will America deserve one day for having known how to elude the double epidemic of this revolution and this war! And how much do I bless the wise Washington for having been able to outwit those Americans who tried to provoke a breach with this country! I am quite 494 certain that in this event, you have been one of the angels of peace and one of the first defenders of your federal Constitution. This belief adds still more to all of the sentiments of respect which I have declared to you, and with which I have the honor to be, sir, your most humble and most obedient servant

F d’Ivernois

RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “à Monsieur John Adams.”

1.

These were JA’s 11 Dec. 1795 letter, above, and d’Ivernois’ 6 March 1796 reply (Adams Papers).

2.

Swiss-born political thinker John Louis De Lolme (1741–1806) wrote The Constitution of England; or, An Account of the English Government, London, 1775 (vol. 17:315; AFC , 8:358).

3.

English judge John Elmsley (1762–1805), Oxford 1786, was named chief justice of Upper Canada in April ( Dicy. of Canadian Biog. ).

John Adams to James Sullivan, 2 August 1796 Adams, John Sullivan, James
To James Sullivan
sir Quincy August 2. 1796

I received, last Evening the Letter you did me the honour to write me, the 30th of July, and am ready to give you all the Information in my power1

Mitchel’s Map was the only one, which the Ministers Plenipotentiary of The United States, and The Minister Plenipotentiary of great Britain made use of in their Conferences and Discussions relative to the Boundaries of the United States, in their Negotiation of the Peace of 1783 and of the Provisional Articles of the 30th of November 1782. Upon that Map and that only were those Boundaries delineated: and the River marked on that Map; with the Name of St. Croix, was the River agreed upon as the Eastern Boundary of the state of Massachusetts and of the United States, It was not intended by either Party to give any new Boundary to the East Side of Massachusetts: but the real Eastern Boundary of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, according to the Charter of William and Mary was intended to be the Eastern Boundary of the United States, To the forgoing Facts I am ready to attest in any manner that may be judged necessary: and if Mr Jay should transmit you an Affidavit I shall be very willing to do the same. But I can scarsely think it necessary because I cannot believe that any of these Facts will be denied or questioned

The decease of Mr Oswald is unfortunate because I am well assured he would have avowed all these Facts with the utmost frankness and Candor. Mr Whiteford the Secretary to his Commission I am confident will readily admit them all2 Mr William Franklin The Secretary to the American Commission knows them. Dr Franklin 495 before his Death transmitted to the then Secretary of State Mr Jefferson as I was informed by him a full State of this affair according to his Reccollection, a Document which probably Col, Pickering has transmitted to you—if not it may be usefull for you to obtain it from his office,3 Lord St Helens4 formerly Mr Fitzherbert might or might not be informed by Mr Oswald at the time. If he was I have confidence enough in his Lordships Honour and Candour to believe that he will confirm all that I have Said. Benjamin Vaughan Esq might or might not be informed. if he was, either by Mr Oswald or Mr Whiteford or any of the American Ministers his Testimony cannot but corroborate the Account I have given.

Wishing you a pleasant Voyage and safe return / I have the Honour to be, sir, your most / obedient

John Adams

FC in AA2’s hand (Adams Papers); internal address: “The Honourable / James sullivan Esq”; docketed by JA: “Answer to Judge Sulli / vans Letter of 2. of August.”

1.

Sullivan wrote to JA on 30 July (Adams Papers), seeking an affidavit on the use of John Mitchell’s map to determine the location of the St. Croix River and mentioning that he sent a similar query to John Jay (JA, Works , 8:518–519).

2.

The principal British peace negotiator, Richard Oswald, died in 1784. JA suggested contacting Caleb Whitefoord (1734–1810), an Edinburgh wine merchant who was Oswald’s secretary (vol. 16:462; DNB ).

3.

Benjamin Franklin wrote to Thomas Jefferson on 8 April 1790, confirming the use of Mitchell’s map and enclosing a portion of it “in loose sheets,” with the Passamaquoddy Bay boundary line clearly marked ( Jefferson, Papers , 16:326). He recommended asking JA for clarification, for which see vol. 20:323.

4.

From this point, the remainder of this letter is in JA’s hand.