Papers of John Adams, volume 21
thNovem
r.1794.
I hope the Length of Time since I had the Honor of paying my Respects to you, will be no Objection to your granting my present Request, that is of great Consequence to me—1
In the Month of May last I had a Concern in the Ship
Ascention, Saml Chase Master, which enter’d the
Harbour of the Havanna with 198 Negroes, where they were sold, principally
upon a long Credit, to the Amount of upwards of 23,000 Dollars and the said
Ship return’d Home to Newport in July— therefore it is become absolutely
necessary to send the Ship back, in Order to receive Payment for this large
Sum, in Molasses, and the other Produce of the Island—
The Owners of the Ship think that she will not be permitted to enter the Port without a special Licence from their Excellencys, the Commissioners from the Court of Spain to the United States of America; In Order to obtain that Permission they present a Memorial to their Excellencys, which I have taken the Liberty to inclose; and hope through your kind Influence it will be granted—
The Bearer, Captn Joseph
Gardner, we have sent especially upon this Occasion, to whom we have given
the Merchants Accot. Sales & Accot. Currt. at the
Havanna, to produce as Vouchers to our Petition.— As the Ship goes empty we
would offer to carry One Thousand or Five Hundred Barrels of Flour for the
Government, at the very lowest Freight; and as the Season is too far
advanced to send the Ship to New York or Philadelphia, we will be at the
Expence of freighting said Flour from New-York to Newport.— If this may be
thought serviceable in obtaining the Permission we will chearfully comply
therewith.— Captn. Gardner will pay any Expence
that may arise on this Affair—2
I am with every possible Regard and Respect / Your most obedient, & / most humble Servant
m.Vernon
P.S. I was inadvertently drawn into this Adventure, and shall think my self happy, in obtaining my Property again, which is too much to loose
RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “John Adams Esqr.”
Newport, R.I., merchant William Vernon Sr.
(1719–1806) served alongside JA on the Navy Board during
the Revolutionary War. His last extant letter to JA was of 26 April 1782
(vol. 12:463–464; Washington, Papers, Revolutionary War Series
,
22:721).
The enclosures have not been found. Vernon sought compensation for his shipment of enslaved people, who were considered foreign cargo, and therefore he needed a certificate from the Spanish ministers to the United States, José de Jáudenes y Nebot and José Ignacio de Viar y Mendiguren. JA evidently interceded on Vernon’s behalf, for which see Vernon’s letters of 24 Jan. 1795 and 5 March, both below.
r.29th 1794
The bearer, Mrs. Fraser, will
deliver you a copy of the Second impression of the “Young Gentleman &
Lady’s Assistant.” A work which you were, originally pleased to countenance
with Your Subscription; and now, in its improved state, appears honored with
Your approbation.1
It is highly gratifying to me, to have this small attempt
to promote the interest of the rising age, patronised by Such an illustrious
Character;—whose name will be long remembered, with applause, in this Enlightend land of Liberty! Where, virtue,
talents, & Patriotism alone entitle men to places of public trust &
honor.—
Accept Sir,—of my most hearty thanks, for your polite
condescendsion, on this & a former occasion;—that You may long very
long, continue, to merit, & receive, the confidence & approbation, of your
Enlightened fellow Citizens— Is the Sincere wish of Sir, / Your most
obedient & obliged / humble Servant—
RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “The Honorable / John Adams Esquire.”
Schoolmaster Donald Fraser (1755–1820), of New York,
wrote The Young Gentleman and Lady’s Assistant;
. . . Calculated to Instruct Youth in the Principles of Useful
Knowledge, N.Y., 1791, Evans, No. 23387 (Washington, Papers,
Presidential Series
, 5:571).
You are indeed very kind in expressing your wish to hear
from me, when all I can do is to ask favours. As You mention your readiness
to assist me with respect to arrangements in the Post Office, I will take the liberty to inform you of our
situation in that respect.
The state Post goes no farther than from Philadelphia to
Reading, and Mr Williamson of the [Genasee]
undertakes to carry the letters farther.1 Btween both we now pay 1s. 6d for a single
letter, and 1 1/2 Cent for a News paper; whereas a while ago the former
charge was 1S, and the latter 1 Cent— Besides the Post Master at Reading is
341 much complained of for inattention to
the duties of his place, and to my certain experience justly.
Now I am persuaded that if the state could undertake to
bring the letters to this place, if the post was regular, and the charge
moderate, it would answer very well. At present the charge is so high, and
the conveyance so uncertain, and tedious, that all persons take every
opportunity of sending letters by private hands; when, if the case was
different, they would all prefer the regular post. But tho there should for
the present be some loss to the state, it would not be of long continuance,
and the gain in one place should compensate for the loss in another. Could
we have a Coach, or a coachée, to carry parcells, and passengers, as well as letters, it would be a great
convenience and benefit to the country, and in time would pay for any
reasonable expence attending it. We sometimes talk of petitioning the
legislature on the subject. Could you give us any assistance in the
business, you would confer a great obligation on us who are so much
interested in the conveyance of letters and small parcells.
It is, indeed, Sir as you observe an aweful crisis in which we live. What I think on the subject you
will see in the Sermon to which I referred you. One extreme naturally
produces another. But I flatter myself that since truth and right have a great
advantage over their opposites, the present conflict of opinions, and of
arms, will terminate in a better system than any that has hitherto
prevailed. But the struggle I fear will be extensive and dreadful Happy they
who, looking to an overruling providence, can calmly wait the issue,
endeavouring to lessen prejudice and violence on all sides, and contribute
what they can to enlighten the minds, and improve the morals of their fellow
creatures.
With the greatest respect, I am, / Dear Sir, / yours sincerely
RC (Adams Papers).
The Postal Act of 20 Feb. 1792 had established the
U.S. Post Office as a cabinet department, but regulatory oversight and
timely delivery of mail remained a challenge. Stage coaches traveled the
main post road from Maine to Virginia three times per week, and southern
routes depended on individual riders. Priestley wrote in the months
before the new terms of the Postal Act of 8 May 1794 took effect, which
largely addressed his complaints. That legislation made the U.S. Post
Office a permanent federal entity, authorizing the appointment of letter
carriers and the distribution of magazines and pamphlets. The act also
barred private competitors from delivering mail (
AFC
, 9:95; Carl H. Scheele, A Short History of the Mail Service,
Washington, D.C., 1970, p. 66, 67; Stephen W. Stathis, Landmark Legislation, 1774–2012: Major U.S. Acts
and Treaties, 2d edn., Los Angeles, Calif., 2014, p. 18). See
also Descriptive List
of Illustrations, No. 8, above.