Papers of John Adams, volume 19

To John Adams from John Thaxter Jr., 18 June 1788 Thaxter, John Jr. Adams, John

From John Thaxter Jr.

Sir, Ipswich 18th. June 1788.

If amidst the vast Concourse of Friends who have eagerly pressed to welcome your safe Arrival to your native Country, you have not found your former Pupil and Secretary personally testifying his pleasing Sensations upon this happy Event, you will do him the Justice to 312 believe that no one has experienced a more heart-felt Satisfaction than himself upon this Occasion.1

I feel myself very unhappy that I cannot, as soon as my own Inclination would prompt me, give you and Mrs. Adams a personal Testimony of the Sincerity of my Congratulations upon your safe Arrival. But you will accept upon Paper what I cannot offer in person. I cannot refrain from expressing my particular Satisfaction, that the Seventeenth of June has been rendered still more memorable by your honorable Reception in the Metropolis of Massachusetts on the same day, by such public and private demonstrations of Joy as are characteristic of a People not inattentive to Merit and eminent Services rendered them— My own sensations have been in Unison with my Countrymen upon this pleasing Event.

The Joy the Supreme Court, which I am now attending, and my Brethren have expressed, has been honorable to you and particularly pleasing to me.

I will not add further, Sir, than to assure you, I wait with extreme Impatience for the Moment, when I can personally express to you and Mrs. Adams my Joy upon your happy Return, and the great Respect with which I have the honor to be, / Sir, / your & her most obedient / and very humble Servant

J Thaxter

RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “His Excellency / John Adams Esqr.”; endorsed: “Mr Thaxter 18. June / 1788.”

Thaxter, JA’s former secretary, last wrote to him on 22 Jan. 1786 and to AA on 4 Feb. (both Adams Papers). Thaxter reported on the issuance of paper money, which he called a “slow, but a very sure Poison,” and events surrounding the final stages of Shays’ Rebellion.

To John Adams from Benjamin Rush, 2 July 1788 Rush, Benjamin Adams, John

From Benjamin Rush

Dear Sir, Philadelphia July 2nd: 1788.

Permit an old friend to congratulate you upon your safe arrival in your native country. I rejoiced in reading, of the respectful manner in which you were received by your fellow Citizens.1 you serve a grateful & enlightned people. may you long continue to enjoy their Confidence, & may they long—very long continue to enjoy the benefits of your patriotism & knowledge.—

I have to thank you for many short letters during your Absence from America, but I owe more than I can express to you, for your excellent Volumes upon goverment. They shall be the Alcoran2 of my boys upon the great Subject of political happiness.— You have laid 313 the world & posterity under great Obligations by your researches. I am not more satisfied of the truth of the first axioms any one proposition in Euclid than I am of the truth of your leading propositions in goverment.— Go on my dear friend in removing the rubbish of ignorance & prejudice from the Minds of your fellow Citizens. We live in an important Æra, and in a new Country. Much good may be done by individuals, & that too in a short time.

America has ever appeared to me to be the theatre in which human nature will receive its greatest civil & literary—and religious honors.— Now is the time to sow the Seeds of each of them. Providence seems to have intended you to have a material hand in this business. your labors for your country are only beginning. I hope—I expect—nay more—I am satisfied I shall see you in One of the first posts of the new goverment.— The Citizens of Pennsylvania will joyfully concur in this measure, especially if the southern & Eastern states should gratify them by fixing the Seat of Congress on the Delaware.3 This must be the compensation for their placing a citizen of Virginia in the Presidents Chair, and a citizen of New England in the Chair of the Senate.

The new goverment will demolish our Balloon Constitution. If it had no Other merit, this would be eno’ with me.— But it has a thousand other things to recommend it. It makes us a Nation. It rescues us from Anarchy—& Slavery.— It revives Agriculture & commerce. It checks moral & political iniquity. In a word, it makes a man both willing to live, & to die.— To live, because it opens to him fair prospects of great public & private happiness. To die, because it ensures peace—[and] order— Safety—& prosperity to his children.

Your letter, enclosing one from the German Chaplain of the king of Britain came safe to hand. The packet of this day will carry and Answer to Mr Milhoff enclosing Vouchers of the life &c of the german lady After whom he enquires.—4

My dear Mrs Rush joins me in most [res]pectful Compliments & congratulations to Mrs Adams.— We count five living, out of eight Children. Our Eldest boy will act the part of a young Midshipman on board the Ship Union which is to make a distinguished part of our procession in honor of the establishment of the new goverment.5

With every possible mark of respect and esteem, I am dear Sir your / Affectionate Old friend / & humble Servant

Benjn Rush.

RC (Adams Papers); addressed: “The honble: / John Adams Esqr: / Boston”; endorsed: “Dr Rush. July 2. Ansd / Decr. 2. 1788.” Some loss of text where the seal was removed.

314 1.

For JA’s celebrated return to Boston, see John Hancock’s 7 May letter, and note 1, above.

That is, the Koran.

On 2 July Congress appointed a committee for “putting the said constitution into operation in pursuance of the resolutions of the late federal Convention.” On the 28th, Congress took up the question of where to locate the seat of the new federal government. The dispute over the temporary capital raged for two months as several sites were considered, including Philadelphia, New York City, Lancaster, Penn., Baltimore, Annapolis, Md., and Wilmington, Del. Finally, on 13 Sept. Congress resolved that its “present seat”—New York City—would serve as the location for “commencing proceedings under the said constitution” ( JCC , 34:281, 358–360, 367–368, 383–385, 393–394, 456–457, 487–488, 521–523).

See JA’s letter of 28 Feb., and note 2, above.

Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush’s eldest son, John (1777–1837), was one of four young men invited to ride on a float “in the character of Midshipman; the duties of which station you are faithfully and diligently to perform” during a Philadelphia parade held to celebrate the Fourth of July and the ratification of the U.S. Constitution ( AFC , 13:315, 500; Rush, Letters , 1:lvii, 112; Whitfield J. Bell Jr., “The Federal Processions of 1788,” NYHS, Quart. , 46:20 [Jan. 1962]).