Papers of John Adams, volume 19

From John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 6 December 1787 Adams, John Jefferson, Thomas
To Thomas Jefferson
Dear sir London Decr 6. 1787

The Project of a new Constitution, has Objections against it, to which I find it difficult to reconcile my self. but I am so unfortunate as to differ somewhat from you in the Articles, according to your last kind Letter.1

You are afraid of the one—I, of the few. We agree perfectly that the many Should have a full fair and perfect Representation.— You are Apprehensive of monarchy: I, of Aristocracy.— I would therefore have given more Power to the President and less to the Senate. The Nomination and Appointment to all offices I would have given to the President, assisted only by a Privy Council of his own Appointment Creation. but not a Vote or Voice would I have given to the Senate or any Senator, unless he were of the Privy Council. Faction and Distraction are the sure and certain Consequence of giving to a Senate a Vote in the distribution of Offices.

You are apprehensive the President when once chosen, will be chosen again and again as long as he lives. So much the better as it appears to me.— You are apprehensive of foreign Interference Intrigue, Influence.— So am I.— But, as often as Elections happen, the danger of foreign Influence recurs.2 the less frequently they happen the less danger.— and if the Same Man may be chose again, it is 229 probable3 he will be, and the danger of foreign Influence will be less. Foreigners, Seeing little Prospect will have less Courage for Enterprize.

Elections, my dear sir, Elections to Offices which are great objects of ambition, I look at with terror.— Experiments of this kind have been so often tryed, and so universally found productive of Horrors, that there is great Reason to dread them.4

Mr Littlepage who will have the Honour to deliver this will tell you all the News.5 I am, my dear sir, with / great Regard

John Adams.6

RC (DLC:Jefferson Papers); internal address: “His Excellency Mr Jefferson.“ LbC (Adams Papers); APM Reel 112.

1.

Of 13 Nov., above.

2.

In the LbC, WSS wrote “renews.”

3.

In the LbC, WSS wrote “possible.”

4.

Here, two lines of text were heavily canceled.

5.

Lewis Littlepage, who challenged John Jay to a duel over a debt he owed Jay, was serving as chamberlain to King Stanislaus II of Poland. Littlepage had traveled to Paris on a commission to Louis XVI (vol. 18:137–138; AFC , 8:153, 183). In a 6 Dec. letter to JA (Adams Papers), Littlepage enclosed a copy of a letter, not found, from Stanislaus to Armand Marc, Comte de Montmorin de Saint Herem. Littlepage also carried WSS’s letter of 3 Dec. to Jefferson (Jefferson, Papers , 12:392).

6.

AA wrote to Jefferson on 5 and 12 Dec., ordering silk and notifying him of Massachusetts’ planned convention to debate and ratify the U.S. Constitution ( AFC , 8:208; Jefferson, Papers , 12:417).

To John Adams from John Lillie Jr., 7 December 1787 Lillie, John Jr. Adams, John
From John Lillie Jr.
Boston 7th December 1787. May it please your Excellency.

Nothing but the importance of the following subject which immediately concerns myself could have induced me to beg your attention upon it, by being persuaded your time was gennerally employed in National affairs,— But as the result of this business is very interesting to me, I have taken the liberty to write & request your assistance & advice, and that you would have the goodness (if not too much trouble) to see His Excellency Governer Elliot on the occasion.— The circumstances are as follows.

There is an Estate in St John Newfoundland known by the name of Lillie’s Plantation, which has been the property of My Ancestors for more than a Century past, & handed down from generation to generation,— This property legally decended to my Father Mr John Lillie who died about twenty two Years ago,— My Mother Mrs Abigail Lillie, as I was then a Child, thought best to lease it out for the term of twenty one Year’s, which lease expired the 29th of October last.— I should have gone down & taken possession of the Estate as 230 soon as I was of age, had it not been upon lease, which would have been to no effect, for that reason I omitted it till the expiration of the lease.— Under those circumstances my being the only Son & Heir, & indeed the only Male of the family living, I thought best to write His Excellency Governor Eliot on the subject about two Month’s before the expiration of the lease, in which I stated to him my claim, and informed him I had every Paper necessary to prove it lodged in my Agent’s hands in St Johns, and that I fully intended to be there early in the Spring, to settle upon, sell or lease the same, as no business could be done there in the Winter Season,— Also that the Person to whom it was leased had refused to pay the Agent for the Rent justly due for the last three Years,— I also observed to him as the helm of Government rested in his hands I did not doubt he would have the premises delivered up to the Agent at the expiration of the lease, and begged him to insist on the Person to whom it was leased to pay the balance due for the rent previous to his departure for Europe, that everything might be amicably & honorably settled previous thereto.

Notwithstanding those representations I am sorry to say, that contrary to my opinion & that of every person in this Country who have been made acquainted with the circumstances, His Excellency was pleased one Month before the expiration of the lease, to issue Warrants for the purpose of levelling to the ground three Dwelling House’s &c and given to Persons, Fish Rooms & lots of Land (belonging to me) who had not the least claim thereto; which land Plantation was surveyed & placed on Record at St Johns by order of the late Predesessor of His Excellency Governor Elliot.

This from all the information I can collect has been done in consequence of my being a Member of the late American Army; which does not in the least correspond with my ideas of the sense of the Definitive Treaty of Peace.— Or if I was considered an Alien, I think His Excellency has been rather too precipitate in his determinations, by ordering my property destroyed & Lands given away without the privilege of a hearing or even that of my Agent who is upon the spot.

Your Excellency may easily conceive what trouble and difficulty may arise between the two Nations, if property is so taken & destroyed,— As you are sensible there are many Estates in this Town belonging to British Subjects now residing in England under similar circumstances, and which may with the same propriety meet with an equal fate,— Although humanity would recoil at a retaliation so cruel & unjust.

231

I must therefore submit the above facts to your consideration, & hope you may not find it too inconvenient to speak to His Excellency Governor Elliot on the subject.1

I have the honor to be with great esteem & respect, Your Excellency’s most obdt / servt.

John Lillie.

RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “His Excelly John Adams Esqr.”; endorsed by AA: “Mr Lillee / Letter.”

1.

Former artillery captain John Lillie Jr. of Boston (1755–1801), who served in the Revolutionary War, had previously written to Newfoundland governor John Elliot, who sent Lillie’s petition to the Privy Council. It ruled that only British subjects could possess fishing grounds in Newfoundland, awarding the contested land to past tenant John Saul and permitting the buildings’ destruction. There is no evidence that JA replied to Lillie. On 4 Feb. 1801, however, JA nominated him for a commission in the army, which the Senate confirmed on 16 Feb. (Heitman, Register Continental Army ; Edward Lillie Pierce, Major John Lillie, 1755–1801: The Lillie Family of Boston, 1663–1896, rev. edn., Cambridge, 1896, p. 7, 29, 31, 51–57; U.S. Senate, Exec. Jour. , 6th Cong., 2d sess., p. 378, 380).