Papers of John Adams, volume 18

Thomas Barclay to the American Commissioners, 23 May 1786 Barclay, Thomas American Commissioners
Thomas Barclay to the American Commissioners
Gentlemen Cadiz 23d. May 17861

Since my Arrival here, the Ninth, nothing has occur’d worth Your Attention, I am waiting for a vessel that is Bound to Magadore and expect to Sail in a few days. You have probably as late accounts from Mr. Lamb as I Can Give You, Yet it may not be Improper to Inform you of his Arrival at Alicant the 24th. of last Month, where doubtless his Quarranteen has delay’d his proceeding to Madrid— The Inclosed is Copy of a letter from the Count D’Espilli to Mr. Carmichael dated at Algiers the 20th. past, whether it will Convey any thing New or Not I Cannot say, Nor whether Mr. Carmichael may not already have Transmited to You its Contents—2

I hope to have the pleasure of soon hearing from You, and of being Informed whether You have any Commands for Me farther than Morocco— I have long been anxious to see the Trade of our Country to these parts, put on a safe and respectable footing, as I am well acquainted with the Importance of the object, and if I Can, while I am in the neighborhood of Africa, in the smallest Degree Contribute towards the doing it, No Care or Attention on My part shall be wanting— If my going to Constantinople will be thought by you useful, you have only to Command Me—and I offer you my Services there or Any where Else without Limitation— As soon as I have Executed the Business in which I am Engaged, I intend to Return to America for a few Months having Already procured permission from Congress to go there to settle some of My affairs that require My presence—

I send You herewith an Extract of a letter written from Morocco to the Consul of the Emperor of Germany at this place from whom I received it, but it is the only Intelligence here of the Emperor of Morocco having made such a Declaration, and probably is No more than a sudden gust of Passion which has Blown over with the 308 Circumstance that occasion’d it—3 It is however Certain that the British are Not at present a favored people in Morocco, and that a letter from his Catholic Majesty is likely to have greater weight in that Country than one from any other Potentate on Earth—

I have had some Conversations with the Marquis De Vialli, who is well known to the Emperor of Morocco, and who says he has frequently talked with him on the subject of America, his Opinion is that the Emperor will demand a Tribute of Eighteen thousand Dollars per Annum— This Gentleman, to whom I was Made known by General O’Riely the late Governor of Andaluzia and Cadiz,4 has given me a good deal of Useful Information and advice, but to what purposes I shall be able to Apply either remains to be Tried— Indeed I much fear the Emperors Ideas will Exceed those of My Constituents. Immediately on My Arrival here I wrote to him that I wou’d Embark for Magadore as soon as possible which I did to Cut short any Delays that Might occur there, by waiting for his permission to go to Morocco5 where he is at present, and I Expect by the time I get to Magadore, orders will be lodged for my getting forward.

I Beg You will beleive Me Gentlemen / Your Most Sincere / and Most Obedient / Servant—

Thos Barclay6

RC (DLC:Jefferson Papers); internal address: “Mr. Adams & Mr. Jefferson—”; endorsed: “Barclay Ths:

1.

Thomas Jefferson received this letter on 11 June (Jefferson, Papers , 9:567) and enclosed a copy with his to JA of 16 June, below, but the enclosure has not been found.

2.

For the 20 April letter from the Conde d’Expilly to William Carmichael, see Paul R. Randall’s 14 May letter, and note 4, above.

3.

This was an extract from a letter to Count Paolo de Greppi (1748–1800), Austrian consul at Cádiz, from a European consul in Morocco (PCC, No. 91, I, f. 106; Dizionario Biographico degli Italiani, Rome, 1960—  ). Carmichael also saw the letter and summarized it in his 18 May letter to Jefferson (Jefferson, Papers , 9:546–547). The Moroccan emperor reportedly saw “Spain and Portugal as his best Friends in Europe,” while condemning the British as “false and perfidious and entirely void of all Principles of Religion.”

4.

Conde Alexander (Alejandro) O’Reilly (ca. 1723–1794), who had been born in Ireland, had a distinguished military career, most notably in the Spanish Army. He led Spain’s failed 1775 invasion of Algiers and also held the governorships of Havana and Louisiana. Recently he had been appointed governor of Cádiz and commander in chief of Andalusia ( DNB ).

5.

That is, Marrakesh.

6.

On 26 May 1786 Thomas Barclay wrote to JA that in a half hour’s time he would sail for Mogador (now Essaouira), Morocco, and that he had drawn £300 to finance this leg of his journey (Adams Papers).

From John Adams to Elbridge Gerry, 24 May 1786 Adams, John Gerry, Elbridge
To Elbridge Gerry
Dear Sir Grosvenor Square May 24. 1786

I have just now received your Favour of the 12th. of April. The Arrets I inclosed to King, to be delivered to you, if at New York, and to 309 be Sent to you if gone to N. England, unless he Should have occasion to use them in Congress.1 I now inclose you some Papers relating to the British Whale Fisheries by which you will see What forced Plants they are, and how easily We may rival them.2 When you have made your Speculations on them will you be so good as to Send them to King.

The issue of all my “Negotiations respecting the Interest of British Debts, during the War,[”]3 and respecting every Thing else, is just nothing at all.— I have done all in my Power to do to no purpose, and I tell you freely, that the British Ministry will do nothing about this or any Thing else untill the States Shall Support their Credit, and regulate their own trade, in a manner that shall shew that it is not left to British Merchants and Politicians to manage as they please. Nor then in my Opinion will they ever intermeddle, or agree to relinquish the Interest. It will finally be left to every Debtor to make the best Agreement he can with his Creditor, or to dispute it at Law, and avoid the Payment of the Interest by the Verdict of a Jury. if the Juries give it against our Merchants, they will never find any other Remedy. As to any Clamour that may be raised by my concealed Competitors, it will do them no good nor me any harm. if they want my Place, and Congress give it them it will be with my hearty Consent, without any Clamour at all. a more disagreable situation than mine no Man ever held in Life and whoever Succeeds me, will not find it more pleasant.

If any one think he can do better in mercy, let him put up, and if any body thinks of any other who can do more let him vote for him in the name of freedom. Old as I am, I had rather draw Writs and Pleas in Abatement than do and suffer what is now my Lot. Making brick without straw, which has been my Employment ever Since I have been in Europe, and is more so now than ever, was never reckoned an easy, or pleasant Task, from the Days of the Israelites in Egypt to this moment. Untill I came to England I was as little apprized as you of the Extent of this evil of Interest. it was too carefully concealed, by American Debtors, untill it was past a Remedy. The time is long Since perfectly past, for doing any Thing in this Country, and another opportunity will never arrive, untill after a long and arduous Struggle.

You and our Friend King, by marrying the two finest Girls in New York, are in a Way to make fœderal Ideas, grow, and may they prosper untill Congress shall have the Power and the Will, to form a System, which shall bring this Country to think. You may depend 310 upon it every Man who expects any Thing from my Negotiations will be disappointed. I am not an Idler. my whole Time is employed to the Utmost of my Strength and Capacity, and to no more purpose, than if I were at Horse Races or Stage Plays, and this will assuredly continue to be the Case, untill the Trade and Revenue of this Country Shall be made to feel the Effect of the Conduct of Congress and the States in regulating their Trade.— if it is not thought worth while to continue me here, untill that Event takes Place, I am myself fully to that mind, and am quite prepared to be recalled.

With great Esteem and Affection, your / Friend

John Adams

RC (private owner, 1978); internal address: “Mr Gerry”; endorsed: “London Lettr / His Excy. Mr Adams / 24 May 1786.” LbC (Adams Papers); APM Reel 113.

1.

See JA’s 23 Dec. 1785 letter to Rufus King, and note 5, above.

2.

The enclosures have not been identified.

3.

The passage in quotation marks is taken from Gerry’s 12 April 1786 letter, above. There are no quotation marks in the LbC.