I may now give your Excellency a description of this place before I give you the two next volumes of my history of America.1 I confess that tho’ accustomed to misfortunes, tho’ possessed of a fortitude which never forsook me in the most trying occasions, yet the Sight of Newgate struck me with horror. figure to yourself, Sir, about 145 wretches dressed in the most ragged habits with emaciated faces upon which are painted distress and sorrow, some hardly able to crawl and others scarce possessed of half a great coat to cover their nakedness and it will be more than sufficient to excite your Excellency’s commiseration at about nine o’clock at night I was regaled with this dismall sight last night. I solemnly declare that however callous, to my own misfortunes, it drew tears from my eyes. O for another albany cried I, for another cecilia, to visit those wretched abodes.2 here is a vast field for their philantropy, as, however, the lateness of the hour did not permit me to make many reflections, I thought of accomodating myself as well as possible for the night. I enquired therefore whether I could have a room to myself. a room to yourself Exclaimed a half starved creature, there is no such a thing in the whole prison. what not a room, my friend, tho’ I pay for it. no, Sir, we are fourteen or fifteen in a room. Great God, replied I, is it possible? then I suppose I may have a bed. you may have part of a bed. well then my good fellow, continued I, shew me any place where I am allowed to go, and I will lay myself down upon the floor for I will not lay with any body. there is a french nobleman here, added my conductor, I will take you to him if you please and he may direct you better. he is on the masters’s side. wou’d your Excellency believe that even in such a place as this, pride still prevails, and that there should be the masters’s and common side. glad to hear that 155 there was a gentleman of my nation in this place, because he might inform me of its nature, I told my conductor that he could do nothing more agreeable than to shew me the count—as he stiled him— The count de ——— a young nobleman of genteel address and very good education, and whose confinement ought to be an eternal shame to the Ambassador of a prince who allows about £8000 a year for the relief of french gentlemen in distress, and so much more so that he had letters of recommendation for him, had dined and visited at his hotel, received me with that politeness and affability so natural to people of education. he offered me all that was in his power, procured a matrass and a sheet, and a kind of blanket with which I laid myself down with as much composure as if I had been at St: James’s. he did more, he obtained of the company that I shou’d be admitted in that ward where he was himself which was composed of a dozen people and was he said the best side in the prison. I enquired by degrees who were those miserable creatures in whose company he had Just introduced me. this, replied he, is a captain in the navy, this an officer in the army, that other the brother of Lord M—— my surprise increased, and I felt more for my company than for myself. I had about eight shillings in my pocket, and I was going to offer a good supper to those Companions in misfortune, when one whom they called the steward of the ward, told me it was customary for every new comer to give 6s. and 2d for fire candle &c. I complied with his request, so that I was reduced to two shillings with which I cou’d only regale them with a little gin and water which they found as savoury as champain. but I am certain I try your Excellency’s patience. assure of my best Respects Mrs and miss adams, and believe me with the greatest regard and esteem, / your most obed. and / most humble servt:

I have received the Letter you did me, the honor to write me, on the 23d. of Decr. and am much obliged to you, for the present of the history of the late revolution in south, Carolina,1 I have not yet received it: calling on Mr. Dilly, on the receipt of your Letter I was informed that the Books consigned to him were still on board the ship, and would not be landed under 10 or 12 day’s— I wish, sir, that your Example may be followed by some Gentlemen of suitable talents & the necessary leisure, in each of the States.

There have been in fact 13. Revolutions, for that Number of established Governments were over thrown and as many new ones erected— for this Reason I think that a compleat history of the American Revolution can never be written untill, the history of the Change in each state is known, nor can any man be competent to the general Undertaking who is not master of the particulars.

There are already half a dozen histories written in Europe, and there is an hundred other writers who wish to engage in it. Those already published are worse than nothing, and such as are intended will be no better. My constant answer to all who propose writing is, that there is no Man now living qualified for the Work, nor would it be possible even for those who have been most active and the best informed, to collect the indispensable materials even if the most secrect Papers could be laid open to him, in a short time.

Let me request your acceptance of a Pamphlet, “An address to the landed, trading and funded Interests of England, on the present state of public affairs”—2 This is the first publication which in any sense may be called judicious— it is well worth the attention of our Citizens—

No writings however will be sufficient to produce a change in the sentiments of this Nation—without an Union in America in measures to vindicate their own Navigation, and even that would opperate but slowly.

You will oblige me much Sir, by continuing this Correspondence, and Communicating to me your advice upon all things which relate to the public affairs committed to my care—

With great respect I have the honor to be