Papers of John Adams, volume 16

Daniel Crommelin & Sons to John Adams, 24 March 1784 Daniel Crommelin & Sons Adams, John
From Daniel Crommelin & Sons
Honorable Sir! Amsterdam 24th March 1784

The occasion of our addressing you the present is to inform you, that we have to our Consignment a Vessel from New York, named the New York, Thomas Smith Master, which Vessel arrived here in October last, when he discharged some of his hands, & being now, on departure, stands in need of others; which he can get, but as our States at the beginning of the late War published an Ordonance, that no Foreign Vessels should take any other Sailors back, but those with which they came in, or present previously a petition to the Lords of the Admirality, for taking such other hands on board, as they should stand in need off; which occasions a great Charge to the Masters of Vessels, not only for obtaining this permission, but also for Sundry Fees; & as we find it clearly expressed in the Twenty eighth Article of the Treaty between their Heigh Mightinesses & the United States of America, that all American Vessels have liberty to take on board Sailors, or any other persons, without incurring any penalty.1 We think Captn. Smith is thereby fully exempted of presenting said Petition, or be at these Charges, but as this might bring him in to trouble when at the Texel, we have thought necessary to acquaint you thereof, that on a Representation of this Matter, such orders may be given, that the American Vessels may enjoy the benefit of the Treaty.—

As Captn. Smith is on his departure, your speedy advice will be very Acceptable to those who are with all due Respect / Honble. Sir! / Your most Obedient & / most Hb̃le. Servts.

Daniel Crommelin & Sons2
97

RC (Adams Papers).

1.

As JA indicates in his 26 March reply, below, this reference should be to Art. 27 of the 1782 Dutch-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, the substance of which the firm summarizes accurately (vol. 13:374–375).

2.

Daniel Crommelin & Sons was a leading Amsterdam banking house and one of the firms approached by JA in 1782 for the Dutch loan ultimately undertaken by the consortium (vol. 12:471–472).

Baron von Thulemeier to John Adams, 25 March 1784 Thulemeier, Friedrich Wilhelm, Baron von Adams, John
From the Baron von Thulemeier
Monsieur, à la Haye le 25. Mars 1784.

Vous avez desiré, Monsieur, d’être instruit des marchandises & productions qui pourroient faire l’objet d’un négoce réciproque entre les Etats de Sa Majesté Prussienne & ceux des Etats-Unis de l’Amérique.1 Je suis trop flatté d’établir ces nouvelles liaisons de commerce de concert avec vous, pour ne pas m’empresser à vous communiquer les notions que j’ai recueillies, soit d’après les renseignemens que ma cour m’a accordés précédemment, ou celles qui pourront m’être parvenues par d’autres canaux. Le tableau que je vais mettre sous vos yeux sera cependant très succinct. En me bornant aux articles les plus essentiels, je vous offre, Monsieur, Sous les éclaircissemens que vous pourrez desirer, & qui seront peut-être nécessaires, quand la négociation dont nous sommes chargés aura pris quelque consistence.

Importation dans les Etats de Sa Majesté Prussienne.

a/ Tabac de Virginie

b/ Ris.

c/ Indigo.

d/ Huile de baleine.

Exportation des Etats du Roi pour les possessions des Etats-Unis de l’Amérique

a/ Toiles de Silésie d’un débit général dans tout le Continent de l’Amérique, autant qu’aux Indes Occidentales.

b/ Chanvre de Prusse, qui est un des meilleurs connus.

c/ Porcelaine de Berlin, d’un travail plus fini que celle de Saxe, & moins chère.

d/ Quelques productions de l’industrie Prussienne, telles que les quincailleries du Comté de la Marck, qui jusqu’ici ont passé, aussi bien que les toiles de Silésie, par les mains des Anglois, & ont par conséquent augmenté de prix à leur entrée en Amérique.

e/ Des draps de toute espèce, des camelots & autres marchandises de ce genre.

98

J’ajouterai, Monsieur, que le Roi abandonne au Congrès le choix de cet ou autre port de Ses Etats pour le commerce d’échange, ou pour le dépôt de marchandises, qui seroit le plus de sa convenance. Emden, situé vers la mer du Nord, ouvre la porte au négoce avec la partie Occidentale de l’Allemagne; Stettin, place maritime sur les côtes de la Baltique, avec l’intérieur de cette vaste Région, par le moyen de l’Oder.2 Enfin les ports des deux Prusses établissent un commerce suivi avec le Royaume de Pologne, où les productions de la pêche américaine, & en particulier la morue, pourront être débitées avec le plus grand avantage.

J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la considération la plus distinguée, / Monsieur, / Vôtre très humble et très obéissant Serviteur

Le Baron de Thulemeier
ENCLOSURE
Note.
à la Haye le 25. Mars 1784.

Le Sieur Christian Ravenhorst, Pasteur Luthérien à Eben Ezer en Géorgie, y est décédé depuis plusieurs annees, et sa veuve Anne Barbarine Krafftin est morte dans le même endroit le 1r. Juillet 1779.3 Par un testament réciproque érigé entre eux, le mari a prélégué la somme de 300 £ Stg. à ses trois soeurs établies dans les Etats de Sa Majesté Prussienne, et la femme a stipulé les mêmes avantages en faveur de sa famille domiciliée à Ravensburg. Le reste de la succession devoit écheoir en portions égales aux héritiers de l’un et l’autre Testateur, déduction faite de deux legs, chacun de 40 £. Stg. établis en faveur des missions religieuses de l’Inde, et de la maison des Orphelins à Halle. Les Srs. Joseph Schubtrin et Jacob Waldhauer à Eben Ezer, ont été nommés Exécuteurs testamentaires, et en cette qualité ils se sont mis en possession de tout l’héritage, ainsi qu’il paroît par une lettre qu’ils ont écrite en date du 4. Mai 1780. à la femme Marie Hoppin, demeurant à Daber en Poméranie, et l’une des soeurs du défunt Ravenhorst. D’après leur propre aveu, le mobilier de la succession avoit été taxé à 487. £. 19. sh; il s’étoit trouvé 400 £. en dettes actives, dont le recouvrement avoit été commis aux gens de loi. Il existoit d’ailleurs en immeubles 1300. arpens4 de terre, administrés provisionnellement par les Exécuteurs testamentaires. Pendant les troubles de la guerre Américaine les héritiers n’ont reçu aucune nouvelle de l’arrangement de la 99 succession; mais en dernier lieu le Professeur Freylinghausen, l’un des Directeurs de la maison des Orphelins à Halle, vient d’être informé par une lettre de Pensilvanie, que l’un des Exécuteurs, le Sr. Schubtrin, étoit décédé dans l’intervalle, et que le second, le Sr. Waldhauer, avoit été dépouillé par une bande de brigands de tout l’argent comptant et de tous les effets provenants de l’héritage confié à sa direction. En supposant que cet événement fût constaté par des preuves légales, les justes prétentions des héritiers sur les dettes actives subsisteroient cependant en leur entier, puisque le recouvrement n’en paroît pas avoir été effectué, aussi peu que celui des immeubles, dont l’aliénation avoit été annoncée comme impossible pendant le cours de la guerre. La nommée Sophie Neumann née Ravenhorst, établie à Berlin et soeur du Pasteur décédé en Géorgie, a réclamé la protection de son Souverain, et c’est en conséquence des Ordres du Roi, que le Soussigné Envoyé Extraordinaire de Sa Majesté a été autorisé de mettre les détails de cette affaire sous les yeux de Monsieur Adams, Ministre Plénipotentiaire des Etats-Unis de l’Amérique à la Haye. Il se flatte que ce Ministre voudra bien employer ses bons offices pour procurer aux héritiers une copie authentique du testament et de l’inventaire, et faire les représentations nécessaires là où il appartient pour que l’Exécuteur soit tenu à rendre compte du provenu de la succession, des déniers qu’il a administrés, et des capitaux et biens fonds dont la liquidation pourroit être encore indécise.

de Thulemeier
TRANSLATION
Sir The Hague, 25 March 1784

You wished, sir, to be informed about the merchandise and products that might be the objects of a reciprocal trade between the states of His Prussian Majesty and those of the United States of America.1 I am too flattered to establish these new commercial ties in concert with you not to hurry to communicate the ideas that I have collected, either from the information that my court has previously supplied me, or from information that I have received through other channels. The picture that I am setting before your eyes will be, however, very abbreviated. Limiting myself to the most essential goods, I am offering you the following, sir, pending clarifications that you might desire, and which perhaps will be necessary when the negotiations with which we are entrusted are on more solid ground:

Imports to the dominions of His Prussian Majesty: a. Virginia tobacco. b. Rice. 100 c. Indigo. d. Whale oil. Exports from the king’s dominions for the possessions of the United States of America: a. Linens from Silesia, marketable throughout the American continent and the West Indies. b. Prussian hemp, one of the best known. c. Porcelain from Berlin, of a finer workmanship than that of Saxony, and less expensive. d. Various products of Prussian industry, such as the hardware of the County of the Mark, which up to now have passed, like Silesian linens, through the hands of the English, and which therefore increased in price when they entered America. e. All sorts of cloth, camlets, and other merchandise of this sort.

I might add, sir, that the king leaves it to Congress to choose one or another port of his states as the most convenient for the exchange of goods or for the deposit of merchandise. Emden, located near the North Sea, opens the door to business with the western part of Germany; Stettin, a maritime locale on the shores of the Baltic, to the interior of this vast region, by means of the Oder.2 Finally, the ports of the two Prussias establish a close business connection with the kingdom of Poland, where American fish products, in particular cod, could be retailed to great advantage.

I have the honor of being with the greatest esteem, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Le Baron de Thulemeier
ENCLOSURE
Note
The Hague, 25 March 1784

Mr. Christian Ravenhorst, Lutheran pastor in Ebenezer, Georgia, passed away there several years ago, and his widow, Anne Barbarine Krafftin, died in the same place on 1 July 1779.3 By means of a joint will set up by those two, the husband bequeathed as a preference legacy the sum of 300 pounds sterling to his three sisters, residing in the dominions of His Prussian Majesty, and the wife stipulated the same legacy for her family domiciled in Ravensburg. The rest of the estate was to fall in equal portions to the heirs of each of the testators, with funds taken out for two legacies, each in the amount of 40 pounds sterling to be settled on religious missions in India, and on the orphanage in Halle. Messrs. Joseph Schubtrin and Jacob Waldhauer of Ebenezer were named testamentary executors, and in that capacity they took possession of all of the estate, as it appears from the letter they wrote dated 4 May 1780 to a woman named Marie Hoppin, residing in Daber in Pomerania, one of the sisters of the late Ravenhorst. According to their own declaration, the personal property of 101 the estate was taxed at the rate of 487 pounds and 19 shillings; there were 400 pounds in outstanding debts, the recovery of which was committed to the lawyers. In addition there was real estate in the amount of 1300 arpents4 of land, provisionally administered by the testamentary executors. During the turmoil of the American war the heirs received no news at all about the arrangements made regarding the estate; but the latest word is that Professor Freylinghausen, one of the directors of the orphanage in Halle, was just informed in a letter from Pennsylvania, that one of the executors, Mr. Schubtrin, has since passed away, and that the second, Mr. Waldhauer, was robbed by a band of thieves of all the ready money and of all the effects from the estate entrusted to his administration. Supposing that this event is attested to by legal proofs, the just claims of the heirs to the outstanding debts would continue to exist in their entirety, as the recovery does not seem to have taken place, much less so in the case of the real estate, the alienation of which was declared impossible during the course of the war. The interested party, Sophie Neumann, née Ravenhorst, residing in Berlin and sister of the deceased pastor in Georgia, has requested the protection of her sovereign, and it is in consequence of the orders of the king that the undersigned special envoy of His Majesty has been authorized to place the particulars of this case before Mr. Adams, Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America at The Hague. He flatters himself that this minister will be so kind as to use his good offices to procure for the heirs an authentic copy of the will and of the inventory of the estate, and to make the necessary protests where it is pertinent in order that the executor is made to account for the proceeds of the estate, for the funds that he administered, and for the capital goods and real property whose liquidation might remain to be settled.

de Thulemeier

RC and enclosure (Adams Papers); internal address: “Monsieur Adams, / Ministre Plénipotentiaire des Etats- / Unis de l’Amérique.”; endorsed: “Baron De Thulemeier”; enclosure endorsed: “Baron De Thulemeier.”

1.

Thulemeier presumably is responding to an oral inquiry, but see JA’s 9 March letter to the president of Congress, above.

2.

In 1784 Prussia was not unified and its parts were not contiguous. Emden, on the Ems River where it emptied into the North Sea, was widely separated from Stettin on the Oder River in Prussian Pomerania. Emden gave access to the Austrian Netherlands and western parts of Germany, while Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland) offered entrée to Poland and Prussia proper. Prussia intended to offer one or both of the ports for American merchants to conduct trade with Prussia, but JA and his colleagues interpreted this to mean that one or both of the cities would be designated as free ports. Numerous exchanges took place over the issue until it became clear in the draft treaty proposed by the commissioners on 10 Nov., below, that the United States was offering Prussia access to all of its ports and that it behooved Prussia to do the same. For the correspondence regarding Emden and Stettin, see Thulemeier’s letters of 8 Oct., 10 Dec. 1784 (at 10 Nov. 1784 – 14 March 1785), 4 March 1785; from JA to Thulemeier, 27 March 1784; and from the commissioners to Thulemeier, 21 Jan. 1785, all below.

3.

The Rev. Christian Ravenhorst (Rabenhorst, 1728–1776) was sent to America in 1752 to minister to the colony of German pietists settled at Ebenezer, Georgia, now extinct. The group, called the Salzburgers, had its origins in the approximately 20,000 Protestants expelled from the dominions of the 102 archbishop of Salzburg in 1731 and upon reaching America in 1734 was established at Ebenezer by James Oglethorpe, Georgia’s founder. Soon after Ravenhorst arrived he married the widow Anna Maria Kraft (d. 1779) and at the time of his death was the leader of one of the two groups into which the Salzburgers had split. The men named as executors of Ravenhorst’s estate, Joseph Schubtrin (Schubdrein) and Jacob Waldhauer, were adherents to his faction (George Fenwick Jones, The Salzburger Saga: Religious Exiles and Other Germans along the Savannah, Athens, Ga., 1984, p. 7–8, 14, 113–114, 122, 135, 177). For Congress’ disposition of the Ravenhorst case, see the [9] July letter from the Committee of the States, below.

4.

An obsolete French measure of land, which ranged regionally from 5/6 of an acre to 1 1/4 acres ( OED ).