Papers of John Adams, volume 16
Commissioners, with a Contemporary Translation
res.mios:
Antes de ayer recibi la carta de V. Sas. del 22 por mano del Sr. Humphreys Secretarío de la comission, en la qual me comunican la íntencion de los Estados unidos de America de establecer con el Rey Catolico una correspondencia conveniente ã los dos Dominíos, y fundada en los principios de igualdad, reciprocidad, y amistad, que mutuamente sea ventajosa ã las dos Naciones. Que para este efecto los Estados unidos se han servido con fecha de 12 de Mayo autorizar a V. Sas. en debida forma como su Plenipotenciarios para conferir, tratar, y concluir con los del Rey mi Amo un tratado de amistad y comercio, que poder embiar ã la ratificacion de dichos Estados sus Principales.1
Seguramente tales deseos de los Estados unidos, y tales principios de igualdad, reciprocidad, y amistad seran mui lisonjeros ã la pureza del corazon de S. M. C., ã cuyo conocimiento passare la explicacion de V. Sas., segun me lo previenen.
Pero para el mismo fín y poner ã S. M. de una vez en el caso de contextar ã este passo; ruego ã V. Sas. que se sirvan enterarme de si alguna, õ algunas de sus Personas estarán en el caso de trasladarse ã Madrid para el curso, y conclusion de este negociado: cuya pregunta pido ã V. Sas. no juzguen importuna, atendiendo, ã que el sistema de mi Corte, que es el mas regular, y general entre todas en asuntos ya directos de su Corona ã otra sola, es el de Seguirlos entre si, y en uno, de los dos Dominios sin valerse de lugar tercero.2
Para el ajuste de una paz entre mas de dos, y entre muchos concurrentes, cuyos intereses se han de conciliar, es diferente; porque entonces es indispensable un punto de reunion, como nos ha sucedido en la ultima paz; y sobre ella puedo decir ã V. Sas., que sentados los puntos capitales, las demas incidencias, arreglo de comercio, limites, y otros cabos sueltos de la España con la Inglaterra no han dependido mas de mi Plenipotencia en Paris, sino que se prosiguen
332
en una de las dos Cortes, õ en ambas, como regla mas comun, que ordinariamente no recibe excepciones, sino en casos que exigen, su continuacion en el lugar tercero de su principio.
Para nosotros será este el primer tratado, y como reducido ã solas nuestras dos partes, he concebído ser propío del dia, el hacer ã V. Sas. esta observacion, para dar cuenta al Rey mi Amo de una vez, de forma que se excuse el retardo que havria, no hallandose instruida S. M. desde su principio.
Apenas me hagan entender V. Sas. su disposicion sobre este particular abreviare la expedicion, deseoso siempre de que resulte ã los dos Estados la satisfaccíon de su buena ínteligencia y amistad.
Con esta ocasion ofrezco ã V. Sas. mis deseos personales de servirlos, y obedecerlos, y de que Dios los guarde muchos años. / B. L. M. de V. Sas. / su mas seguro servidor
RC (PCC, No. 86, f. 29–34); internal address: “Sres. Dn. Juan Adams, Dn Benjamin Franklin, y Dn. Tomas Jefferson Plenipotenciarios de los Estados unidos de America.”; endorsed: “Paris Septr. 27. 1784 / from / Count d’ Aranda / Ansd Octr. 28— / to the Am. Commissrs. at Paris.”; notation: “Spain.”
27 September 1784]
I have received your Letter of the 22d. Instant by the Hand of Mr Humphreys Secry. of the Legation, in which you communicate the Intention of the United States of America to establish with his Catholic Majesty an Agreement that may be convenient to the two Powers founded on the Principles of Equality, Reciprocity and Friendship, mutuably advantageous to the two Nations.— That for this purpose the United States, have by their Commission dated the 12th of May last, authoriz’d your Honours in due from to be their Plenipotentiaries, to confer, treat & conclude with those of the King my Master, a Treaty of Friendship & Commerce, to be sent for Ratification to the said States.1
Certainly such Dispositions in the United States, and such Principles of Equality, Reciprocity & Friendship will be very pleasing and agreable to Purity of his Majesty’s Heart; and I shall communicate your Honours Declaration of them to him as they come to me.
But to the same End, and to put his Majesty at once in a Situation to take such a Step, I request your Honours to inform me if one or more of you can render yourselves at Madrid for the carrying on and concluding the Negotiation. This Request I hope your 333 Honours will not judge improper, when it is considered that the Sistem of my Court, which is the most regular in Matters directly between its Crown and another is always to treat between themselves, and in one of the two Governments, without availing themselves to a third Place.2
In adjusting a Peace indeed between more than two Powers and between many Parties whose different Interests are to be conciliated, the Case is different, for then a Point of Union is indispensable, as happen’d to us in making the last Peace; on which I may mention to your Honours, that the Capital Points being agreed to, the incidental ones of Commerce, Limits and other Particular Articles between Spain & England were not compriz’d in my Powers of treating at Paris but were to be treated in one of the two Courts or in both conformable to the most common Rule which ordinarly has no exceptions, except in Cases that require a Continuation of the Treaty in the third Place where it commenced.
This being the first Treaty between our Courts, I conceived it the proper time to make this Observation to your Honours, in order to give to my Master an Account of it and at the same time prevent the Delay which would be occasion’d by my not having acquainted him with it from the Beginning
As soon as your Honours shall have acquainted me with your Disposition as to this Point, I will hasten the Expedition of it, being always desirous that from it may result to the two States the Satisfaction of a good Intelligence.
I take this Occasion to offer to your Honours my personal Desires of doing you Services & that God may preserve you many Years. I kiss your Hands & am, / Your faithful Servant
MS (PCC, No. 86, f. 35–38); notation: “Translation of / Spanish Ambrs / Letter.”
For the commissioners’ 22 Sept. letter to the Conde de Aranda announcing their new powers, see their 9 Sept. letter to the Baron von Thulemeier, and note 3, above.
With the exception of the proposal to move negotiations to Madrid, Aranda’s response was similar to those of other diplomatic representatives at Versailles. Most simply acknowledged receipt of the commissioners’ communication and promised to transmit it to their governments. Such replies were received from Luigi Pio, the Neapolitan chargé, Jean Baptiste Rivière, the Saxon chargé, and the Conte Ponte di Scarnafigi, the Sardinian ambassador, of 26 Sept.; from the Chevalier Dolfin, the Venetian ambassador, and the Conde de Sousa Coutinho, the Portuguese ambassador, of the 27th; and from Francesco Favi, the Tuscan chargé, of 10 October. The Baron Staël von Holstein, the Swedish minister, in his reply of 5 Oct., included a request for information about the new provisions that the United States hoped to add to the 1783 Swedish-American treaty (Jefferson, Papers
, 7:424–425, 427, 428, 434, 437–438;
Dipl. Corr., 1783–1789
, 1:509–511, 512). See also the responses from the Baron von Thulemeier of 1 Oct. 1784 and from Archbishop Doria Pamfili, the papal nuncio, of 15 Dec., both below.
For the commissioners’ response to the 334 proposal that one or more of them go to Madrid to conduct the negotiations, which essentially meant that because of the difficulty of such a journey no treaty would be concluded, see their 28 Oct. letter to Aranda, below.
br.1784
Si je n’ai point pris jusqu’ici la liberté de remercier votre Excellence de la grace qu’elle me fit l’année passée de me donner des lettres de recommandation, c’est que j’ai craint de l’importuner & de la distraire d’occupations importantes—Je n’en ai pas moins senti tout ce que je devois à vos bontés, & j’ose prendre la liberté de vous en témoigner ici toute ma reconnoissance— Monsieur Mifflin m’a comblé d’honnêteté, & s’est intéressé chaudement pour nous—1
Mr. Gevaerts de Dordt m’a écrit qu’il avoit eu l’honneur de vous voir quelquefois l’hiver dernier—2 Il vous aura peut-être, que j’avois lieu d’espérer quelque succès! dès lors nos affaires ne vont plus si bien, & cela n’est pas étonnant vû l’extrême rareté de l’argent— Mais il faut espèrer que tout s’améliorera, & que la suite recompensera les épreuves & les sacrifices que l’on est obligé de faire— J’espere que votre Excellence rendra justice aux sentimens que nous adoptons dans notre gazette & qu’Elle voudra bien croire que nous ne sommes animés que par le plus pur patriotisme— Vous aurez vû que Mr. Hopkinson n’a pas jugé à propos de répondre à ce que nous avons avancé contre lui dans la gazette de Claypoole, & a reconnu—tacitement la fausseté de ses assertions— Il ne cesse point cependant de nous susciter des tracasseries, & nous éprouvons beaucoup de découragement depuis quelque tems: mais comme nous n’avons rien à nous reprocher nous continuerons sur le même pied aussi longtems que nous pourrons—3
Pardon Monsieur de mon importunité, j’ai voulu saisir l’occasion de vous remercier en vous envoyant notre gazette,4 & de me recommander de nouveau à la précieuse protection de votre Excellence, que je prie d’agréer les sentimens du plus profond respect avec le quel J’ai l’honneur d’être / Monsieur! / Vôtre très humble & très obeïssant / serviteur
If until now I have not taken the liberty to thank your excellency for the grace that you showed me last year in giving me letters of 335 recommendation, it is because I feared bothering you and distracting you from important business. But I have felt no less all that I owe to your kindness, and I presume to take the liberty here to bear witness to all my gratitude. Mr. Mifflin overwhelmed me with his politeness and took a warm interest in us.1
Mr. Gevaerts of Dordrecht wrote to me that he had had the honor of seeing you several times last winter.2 He may have told you that I had reason to hope for some success. Since then, our affairs have not been going so well, and that is not surprising given the extreme scarcity of money. But we must hope that everything will get better and that the future will repay us for the trials and the sacrifices that we must endure. I hope that your excellency will do justice to the sentiments that we are expressing in our gazette and that you will be willing to believe that we are motivated only by the purest patriotism. You will have seen that Mr. Hopkinson did not judge it appropriate to respond to what we put forward against him in Claypoole’s gazette and tacitly acknowledged the falsity of his assertions. He does not cease to create problems for us, however, and we have for some time experienced much discouragement. But as we have nothing for which to reproach ourselves, we will continue on the same footing as long as we can.3
Pardon, sir, my importunity. I wanted to seize the chance in sending our gazette4 to you to thank you and to recommend myself anew to the invaluable protection of your excellency, for whom I have the most profound respect and for whom I have the honor to be, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant
RC (Adams Papers).
JA recommended Boinod in a 28 April 1783 letter to Thomas Mifflin (vol. 14:455).
“Mr. Gevaerts” (or Gevaers) was a burgomaster of Dordrecht, and Boinod had served as tutor for his children (vol. 14:440).
Boinod, a Swiss native, and Alexandre Gaillard, of French Huguenot origin but born in the Netherlands, immigrated to the United States in 1783 and opened a bookshop in Philadelphia that fall. During the following year they repeatedly tried to start a newspaper but had no success until their third attempt, the French-language Courier de l’Amérique, which first appeared on 27 July 1784. After printing disparaging remarks about a collection of French books presented to the University of Pennsylvania by Louis XVI, Boinod and Gaillard fell into a squabble with Judge Francis Hopkinson, a trustee of the school, which made its way into David C. Claypoole’s Pennsylvania Packet. Too eager to engage in controversy and in particular to criticize French policy and administration, Boinod and Gaillard invited the hostility of French diplomats in the United States as well as American champions of France. The last issue of the Courier de l’Amérique appeared on 26 Oct. (Jean Sgard, ed., Dictionnaire des journaux, 1600–1789, Paris, 1991; Pennsylvania Packet, 10, 12 Aug. 1784).
Enclosure not found.