Papers of John Adams, volume 15
th, 1783.
Our long conflict having terminated in Independence Peace, and Glory, I have returned to resume my Citizenship in Boston. Having expended my interest in the public Cause, and it being impossible to receive payment, I was led to contemplate the means of doing business without a capital in money, and have adopted a plan which I beg leave to enclose.1
Your high and important Station, and the vast national concerns committed to your care, seem to forbid my address, but, Sir, being a Son of Independence, habituated to enterprize, and long animated by your precepts and example, you will pardon the intrusion.— I ask no favours, being assured that if your precious moments are not all more nobly employed, your advice and assistance will spontaneously flow in whatever line may best answer my wishes. And in the extensive views and operations of your mind I conceive you will discover some connection between the public interest (particularly of this State) and the prosperity of my plan.— Should this be seen, your benevolence and patriotism will have another object for gratification.—
I have particularly in view the settlement of the large tracts of unlocated lands in the north Eastern parts of this State; which if wisely improved by Government, will, I conceive, pay great part of our public debt. I have laid before some of the principal members of the General Court a plan, by the execution of which, this triple advantage may be derived; by the gradual sale of the lands the debt will continually decrease, the number of people increase, and the remaining lands rise in value in such proportion that the remainder will continue to be worth more (until the greater part are sold) than the whole were before the sale of any.— This policy has often been 351pursued by individuals with great success, who have purchased Townships and sold, or given away, one half to raise the value of the remainder;—and I conceive it will equally apply to the State, or Nation.—
The American funds, and new lands, open a great field for speculation, and if you should incline to vest some of your interest in them I should be happy to negotiate the same.— My expectations are sanguine with regard to the new lands in America, and I conceive that by a wise disposal of them great part of our national debt may be paid. But of this, you can best determine, under whose eye Europe & America appear at one view. Perhaps my sanguine imagination carries me in to fairy fields. I have always believed that America will in the progress of time transcend all the Empires of the world. But we want minds elevated as the station Providence hath assigned us. I will not name our errors, you have seen and felt their effects— However, political wisdom is progressive, and I trust we may grow wiser by experience. You will hear perhaps from some doubting timid folks, alarming accounts of our dissensions about commutation, imposts, and other matters, but Sir, I am a stranger to dispair, and not much troubled with fear, although these little disputes are a temporary evil, I view them as a fermentation that will subside and perhaps eventually purify and exalt popular ideas, and tend to perpetuate liberty and national happiness.
Your Embassy, Sir, was a circumstance I ever viewed with pleasure, conceiving it was pregnant with blessings to America, and successive events have overflowed the bounds of sanguine expectation— Providence hath set its seal to the wisdom of your measures and crowned your efforts.— These smiles of Heaven, and the love and gratitude of your Country, will contribute to support the energy of your mind in pursuit of public happiness— And may God forever encircle you with his favour, and shine upon you the unclouded beams of felicity— And in due time give us the pleasure of hailing you on the American shore.—
With every sentiment of affection and esteem, I have the pleasure to be, my Dear Sir, your grateful Friend and most / Obedient Humble Servant
P.S. Sir, we are now told that you are in London, where wisdom and virtue, bear a small proportion to vice and folly—but as Britons are fond of rarities, I hope the presence of an American Patriot may stun their vices and rekindle the divine sparks of liberty and virtue 352in some of their bosoms. I always conceived that if it should be necessary to have an American Ambassador in London, the tried wisdom and inflexible patriotism of my honored Friend, would fix the national eye on him for the important Embassy.
I exceedingly dislike that spirit of partiality for every thing that is British, which appears in too many— I still view them as an accursed nation, whose murdering hands were restrained by merciful Heaven, against their will— I have not forgotten the fields of blood— the smoking towns—and the murdered innocents—the works of British hands.— Nor will I ever cease to detest their impious character. Had the scene been reversed, and Independence lost in the black gulph of tyranny—Good Heavens! what a scene of wretchedness— not an Hero or Patriot left alive—and their miserable wives and children become the scorn of murderers, to bear every insult and to weep out their gloomy days in hopeless calamity— The tyrants and their tools may now put on a forced smile, but I look to their cankered hearts—& conceive it is the dictate of wisdom & virtue to hold them in everlasting detestation. If Cesar, Caligula, & Charles, are justly held up for a warning to mankind as monuments of eternal infamy, why should the tyrants in our day fare better?
RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “His Excellency / John Adams Esqr.”; endorsed: “Ward” and in another hand “Novr 6th 1783.”
Joseph Ward was a cousin of and former aide-de-camp to Gen. Artemas Ward and served as commissary general of prisoners from April 1780 to the end of the war (vol. 3:238; Heitman, Register Continental Army
, p. 568). He was well known to JA, for between 23 Oct. 1775 and 9 Oct. 1777 the two men exchanged at least 35 letters, for which see vols. 3–5 and 8. There is no evidence that JA replied to this letter, and Ward did not write again until 12 March 1789. From that date through 11 Jan. 1811, Ward and JA exchanged 25 letters.
Ward’s enclosed plan has not been found. But in Oct. 1783, he advertised the opening of a Boston land office where he would broker the purchase and sale of houses, farms, and land as well as public securities. He claimed that “the Utility of such an Office must be conspicuous to every one . . . the vast Tracts of uncultivated Land in the Dominions of the United States, may soon invite Millions of Foreigners, as well as Natives, to settle them—which will cause innumerable Transfers of landed Property in the old Towns, and in the new Country.” Ward amassed considerable wealth through land and bond speculation, building a mansion in Newton, Mass., in 1792, but he later suffered heavy financial losses (Boston Evening Post, 25 Oct. 1783; William Carver Bates, “Col. Joseph Ward, 1737–1812: Teacher, Soldier, Patriot,” Bostonian Society, Publications, 1st ser., 4:72 [1907]).
th.1783.
About the fourteenth of September I was seized at Paris with a Fever, which proved to be a dangerous one, and brought me, very 353low, so that I was unable to attend to any business for some time.— on the twentieth of October, in Pursuance of the Advice of my Friends, I sett out from Auteuil a Village in the Neighbourhood of Passy for London, which City I reach’d by slow Journeys, the twenty sixth. I found my strength increase as I advanced, and my Health is so much improved that I am perswaded the last sickness has been of Service to me, having never enjoyed since my great sickness at Amsterdam, so good Health as at Present. Mr: Jay had sett off for London, about ten days before me; and since my arrival, we have been much together, and have found every thing agreeable, notwithstanding the innumerable, and incessant Lyes, and Nonsense of the Newspapers.1
As I came here in a private Capacity altogether, I have not visited any one of the Ministers, nor any one of the foreign Ambassadors, and I am inclined to think upon the whole that I shall not, unless we should receive the Commission to treat of Commerce, which Congress resolved on, the first of last May, while I stay here.
The Whig Part of the Present Administration are much embarassed with the Tory Part and their Refugees: so that the spirit of the present administration, I must in duty say is not so friendly to the United States as it ought to be, for Want of Powers however, We can reduce nothing to a Certainty. we expect every day to receive our Commission and Instructions.
Mr: Hartley thinks himself impowered to finish the Business with us, by his former Commission. The Ministry are of the same Opinion; And it is no doubt true. So that as soon as our Commission and Instructions arrive, we shall enter upon the Conferences.— But whether we shall go to Paris, or Dr: Franklin will come here, at present I know not. The Negotiation, I am perswaded, would succeed better here than at Paris.
I have the honour to be with great Respect, Sir, your / most obedient, and most humble Servant.
RC in JQA’s hand (PCC, No. 84, V, f. 215–217); internal address: “The President of Congress.”; endorsed: “Letter Novr 9. 1783. / John Adams / Read. Jany 21. 1784.” LbC (Adams Papers); APM Reel 107.
For JA’s journey to London and newspaper reports of his arrival and activities to date, see his 16 Oct. letter to Antoine Marie Cerisier, note 1, and Edward Bridgen’s letter of 1 Nov., note 1, both above.
In JA’s hand.