Adams Family Correspondence, volume 15
d:April 1804.
I received yesterday your favor of the 15th: and thank you for your attention to my Commissions.1 The Books, I believe, had best be sold, as you
suggest, at Auction, and to the highest bidder. I shall regret the sacrifice of the
folio Edition of the laws, because they have been heretofore in great demand, and in
time, would probably sell for a just price, but I must forego the benefit of a market
for the sake of a prompt sale.2 You will
oblige me therefore by putting them, one and all under the hammer, as soon as a good
opportunity offers—perhaps a few days prior to the sale, an advertizement of them would
attract purchasers. Of this you will judge. The share in the 362 Law Library is I believe but a scurvy affair. I thought so at the time I subscribed;
but the tyranny of example cost me in this, as in many other instances, my cash against
my Conscience. I hope the annual assessments will not multiply, for it is hard enough to
have property in so bad repute as to want purchasers and yet involving one deeper in
debt.3
If you get rid of my Rubbish from Maxwell’s Shop, and get cash enough for it to pay Morgan for two setts of Giffords Juvenal, I shall thank you to do it—4 I may have some additional wants when I hear you have the means of satisfying them in your hands— But I wont contract debt, if I can help it.
Thanks for your congratulations upon, what you style my promotion—
I am indeed of the Quorum, but yet no married-man. I should
have been much obliged to His Excellency the Governor and the Honb̃le the Council, if
they had put me into the same Commission with a wife, instead of making me Unus.
5
You Philadelphians I find are just like all the rest of the world—
I mean the Bostonians &ca: You will have it that I left
you to get married, and they will have it, that I came here to be married. Both may be
right in the end, but in the mean time, it seems to me that
I ought to know something about the probability of such an occurrence and I aver, that
of all the world I am the most ignorant, as to the time when it may arrive. But you have
left Philadelphia and returned to your native State, say they, and this is proof
positive that you are on the brink of matrimony, for who would exchange Philadelphia for
Quincy without some such reason? Very well, if it must be so, I can only submit to my
fate, but until I have some more sensible demonstration of this change in my condition,
I hope to be allowed to differ in opinion from those who
will felicitate me, upon my marriage. Sam: Levy having occasion to introduce a gentleman
to me the other day, concludes his letter by presenting his compliments to Mrs: Adams.6 You
and all the rest of my friends will hear soon enough of this event after it takes place;
in the mean time I feel grateful for the lively interest they seem to take in my
prospects. But dont let any body publish my nuptials before they are celebrated—if they
do, I’ll sue them for scandal.
My friend Cad— is, as he tells me, the happiest varlet alive— Your fair neighbour is deserving as Tom is sterling. Alass the Club! I have little doubt of its dissolution now—but Joe and myself will yet I believe claim title by survivorship, over all the remnant. Sam Ewing holds out stoutly yet, but he has long ago been smitten with an 363 Hebrew’s black eye, whom I hope he will convert or turn to a Christian.7
Your Legislature march boldly onward toward the goal of universal
perfectability— McKean’s quibble about 2/3ds wont do— He must stick to the discretionary power given by
the Constitution—that is his only ground. The distinction he attempts was tried at
Washington and exploded. Are the Judges enraged or terrified— One or other they must
be,8 I believe that half the Jacobinism
of Pennsylvania is to be ascribed to want of respectable characters and energetick
conduct on the bench. Will the McKeanites endeavor to send
men to the next legislature, who can read and write? It is my opinion that the whole
sect will be discomfited and thrown into the back ground to make way for worse fools
than themselves. Democracy has only begun its career—all changes will be from bad to
worse, until you reach the bottom, and when you have groped and grovelled about in the
filth of the Sty, for a sufficient time, you may begin to rise and slowly crawl up
again. We are in New England very little better off than you are— Nothing saves us but a
qualification of property in voting—9 If
peace and internal tranquility reign another year—we may
have a Jacobin Government—
I am delighted to hear that some of my friends talk of visiting my
jurisdiction. They shall always receive friendly aid and comfort so long as they behave
well here; but if they break the peace—let them stand clear of me— I have already
committed one culprit and have found out how it should be done. May I not hope among
others to see you and your wife in these parts? I know of none from whom a visit could
be more acceptable, to your friend & servt:
RC (PHi:Meredith Family Papers); addressed: “William Meredith Esqr: / Atty at Law /
Philadelphia”; internal address: “William Meredith Esqr:”;
endorsed: “Thoms B. Adams / Quincy 22 April 1804 / Recd—28—” Some loss of text due to the placement of the
seal.
Not found.
Before TBA moved from Philadelphia to Quincy in
early Dec. 1803, he left an assortment of books with bookseller and Port Folio printer Hugh Maxwell for sale at his shop at 25
North Second Street. The works included a folio edition of Pennsylvania laws, probably
Alexander James Dallas, Laws of the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, 4 vols., Lancaster, Penn., 1795–1801, and a forty-volume set of
Voltaire’s works. The books may have been among the “three thousand volumes” in
English and French advertised by Maxwell “at very reduced prices” in the Philadelphia Gazette from 6 Dec. until 10 May 1804 (
TBA to JQA, 15
Dec. 1803, above; to Meredith, 26 Feb. 1804, PHi:Meredith Family Papers; Biographical Annals of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Chicago, 1903, p.
88).
The Law Library Company of the City of Philadelphia was founded
in 1802 by 71 Philadelphia lawyers. Shares in the library, now known as the Jenkins
Law Library, cost $20 with annual dues set at $2, and the library 364 held 305 volumes by 1805 (Lauren Adams and Regina
Smith, “The Evolution of Public Law Libraries,” AALL
Spectrum, 10:16 [March 2006]).
Philadelphia bookseller and printer John Morgan published The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis, transl. William
Gifford, 2 vols., Phila., 1803 (Marshall,
Papers
, 6:239–240).
For TBA’s appointment as a justice of the peace for Norfolk County, see JA to JQA, 25 Feb. 1804, and note 9, above.
No letters have been found between TBA and
Philadelphia attorney Samson Levy (1764–1831), who was noted for employing wit in the
practice of law (Joseph R. Rosenbloom, A Biographical
Dictionary of Early American Jews, Colonial Times through 1800, Lexington, Ky.,
1960).
In jesting about his “club” of unmarried friends,
TBA noted the upcoming marriage of Thomas Cadwalader, for which see his
letter to Cadwalader of 26
July, and note 1, below. He also alluded to the relationship between
Philadelphia lawyer Samuel Ewing (1776–1825) and Rebecca Gratz (1781–1869), an
educator and philanthropist who was the daughter of Philadelphia merchant Michael
Gratz, a Jewish immigrant from Silesia. Rebecca Gratz never married, while Ewing
married Elizabeth Redman in 1810 (
ANB
; University of
Pennsylvania: Biographical Catalogue of the Matriculates of the College,
Phila., 1894, p. 33; William Vincent Byars, B. and M. Gratz:
Merchants in Philadelphia, 1754–1798, Jefferson City, Mo., 1916, p. 39–40,
259–261; PPPrHi:Philadelphia First
Presbyterian Church Registers, 4:[21]).
For Gov Thomas McKean’s invocation of a two-thirds vote requirement in refusing the Pennsylvania legislature’s request to remove Judge Hugh Henry Brackenridge, see TBA to Meredith, 8 Feb. 1804, and note 3, and for Uriah Tracy’s unsuccessful attempt to block U.S. Senate passage of the 12th Amendment on similar grounds, see TBA to JQA, 15 Dec. 1803, and note 4, both above.
The Massachusetts Constitution of 1780 restricted voting to citizens who owned property worth at least £60. The Pennsylvania Constitution of 1790 extended the vote to any citizen who had paid a state or county tax at least six months prior to the election (Massachusetts Constitution of 1780, Ch. 1, sect. 2, Arts. 2, 4; Pennsylvania Constitution of 1790, Art. 3, sect. 1).
I received a few days ago your kind favour of the 10th: instt: with the letter that
accompanied, and thank you for the care of it—1 I lament to hear that your health continued so
feeble and infirm, but I hope as the Spring advances, you will find yourself better— I
approve much of your intention to wean John, and rejoyce at the information that he has
recovered.
I have been into Boston only once since my return home; and that
was the day, when I wrote you last—2 I
was to have gone this day; to a public entertainment given Mr: Gore, on his return from Europe; but the weather which has been these three
days and continues stormy, confines me to the house—3 I saw Mr: Gore, when
I was in Boston— He has reduced himself by his diet and regimen, more than any man I
ever knew. You will scarcely credit me, when I tell you he is at least as thin as Mr: Hellen— His appearance is so much altered, that it was
sometime before I recognized his features— He says however that he is in very good
health—
The Spring here is so late and so much in arrear, that I have yet
scarcely began my career as a farmer— But I have set out an Orchard of nearly an hundred
trees; which will I hope one day produce fruit for our children— Mr: Whitney quits the house the first of next month— If I can find a tenant, I
shall let it for another year— At least I shall not go to expence to fit it up for your
reception, untill I determine to make it my own continual abode— It is not and never can
be made such a place as I could wish to provide for your residence; but it may prove a
shelter hereafter, and supply means of subsistence, to ourselves and our children, when
we shall find none else— My situation and circumstances since we married, have very
materially declined— As the alteration affects myself, I would not waste a thought upon
it; but as it has taken from me the means, of contributing every comfort and enjoyment
that your heart could wish, it is a perpetual source of concern, and anxiety to me— It
is with extreme difficulty that I now find the means of defraying our necessary expences
as they rise, without intrenching upon the little property which helps to support us—
Additional expence, without any prospect of additional income, would infallibly lead to
my ruin; and what would be to me ten thousand times worse, to the greatest distress to
you and our children— These considerations alone have induced me to wish that you could
have reconciled your mind to this place, and to so humble a residence as that house— As
however you cannot, you shall at all events reside where you yourself choose— I will
bear the charge, as long as I have the means, and trust to Providence for future
support.
Mrs: Charles Adams left us last
Saturday, on her return to Newark; with her youngest daughter— Susan remains here.
I suppose Mr: Hellen still receives one
of our Boston newspapers, from which you will find that Governor Strong has again been
elected— The opposition made against him however is greater than it has before been for
three years— Mr: Sullivan runs up in numbers at no great
distance from him—4 In New-Hampshire, it
is probable the present governor Gilman has lost his election, and Mr: Langdon chosen in his stead— From New-York, I suppose you
will hear before this reaches you.5
Give my affectionate remembrance to your Mamma, Mr: & Mrs: Hellen—your brother
and Sisters—not forgetting all the children— Et pour Monsieur George, Papa s’attend
qu’il parlera bien Français quand il reviendra—6
Your’s ever faithfully
RC (Adams Papers).
LCA wrote to JQA on 10 April, enclosing an unidentified letter and reporting that their children were well and she would soon wean JA2 (Adams Papers).
JQA wrote to LCA on 15 April, reporting his arrival in Quincy, where he found AA “somewhat infirm.” SSA and her children were in Quincy, he wrote, adding that the absence of LCA and their children had left him feeling, “to use a vulgar phrase, like a fish out of water” (Adams Papers).
On 24 Feb. Christopher Gore completed nearly eight years of
service in London on the Anglo-American claims commission established under Art. 7 of
the Jay Treaty, for which see vol. 11:385. On 11 April Gore and his family reached Boston on the ship Minerva, Capt. Clement, from London. A Boston meeting of
merchants approved a resolution on 20 April lauding Gore for his “sacrifices” and
“devotion.” A dinner was held in Gore’s honor at the Boston Concert Hall on 24 April
(New-England Palladium, 13 April; Boston Columbian Centinel, 25 April).
Caleb Strong’s reelection as Massachusetts governor was reported
in the Boston Columbian Centinel, 21 April. The newspaper
reported a preliminary margin of fewer than 4,000 votes separating him from challenger
James Sullivan, a gap that grew to over 5,000 in the final tally. In the elections of
1801, 1802, and 1803, Strong won with margins of more than 5,000, 10,000, and 16,000
votes, respectively (A New Nation
Votes).
New Hampshire governor John Taylor Gilman was in a tight election
race against challenger John Langdon (1741–1819), who represented the state in the
U.S. Senate from 1789 until 1801. The Portsmouth New Hampshire
Gazette, 17 April 1804, speculated that Langdon would win based on the returns
to that point, a claim repeated in other papers, but Gilman ultimately won reelection
by a margin of 103 votes. Langdon was elected governor the following year (vol. 11:92;
Biog. Dir. Cong.
; A New Nation Votes; Boston Independent Chronicle, 23 April). For the New York
gubernatorial election, see
JQA to LCA, 9 April, and note 4, above.
And for Mr. George, Papa expects that he will speak French well when he returns.