Adams Family Correspondence, volume 13
th.March 1799.
Since I invited you to a correspondence, and you have not declined
it, I should think repentance in the very threshold of the undertaking an unfair
desertion from a cause in which I embarked as a volunteer. The offer to contribute by
some occasional communications to the supply of the farmers Museum was rather an
evidence of my zeal for its success, than of any ability to afford the nourishment
requisite for its vigorous support.1
Distance is one, and the principal obstacle to a frequent communication; avocations of
business and the want of materials at hand are others—yet I do not despair of sending
you from time to time, something original or borrowed from some European periodical
works, worthy a corner in your journal. As to politics, I will none of it. It is, next to “wishing” the worst of all employments. My
situation has compelled me to mingle with & hear more in this line than in any
other. I am not therefore enamoured of it. My prospects
lead me to a settlement in Philadelphia, as a limb of the Law, and unless the pestilence
should overtake me or compel my flight, I shall endeavor at a permanent establishment in
the State of Pennsylvania. I venerate the spot of my nativity, but having once been
transplanted it would not be easy for me to take root afresh in the same soil.
I have noticed your occasional addresses to the public, extorted by
the indifference or apathy of our Countrymen to works of genius and publications for the
promotion of literature & Science. The reproach is just in my opinion, but it is not
destitute of a palliative, namely our infancy our very childhood in literary
acquirements. We do not want for taste in this Country, but we want scientific
curiosity. For this we must wait until time & the regular progress of society among
us, bring with them a just respect & encouragement for literature. I perceive in the
Massachusetts Mercury of the 15th: (yesterday) which has
come to hand this moment, a sort of attack upon the Editor of the farmers weekly Museum,
for “his remarks on the 441 literature of our Country” &ca: The writer undertakes to say that “Every American who
peruses such sentiments as these, (unless he be a Jacobin) will resent the insult
offered to himself as a member of the community thus wantonly stigmatized.” &ca:
I do not think myself to be “a Jacobin,” and yet I have not felt insulted by the Editors remarks & complaints on the score of our literary character as a nation. Mortified & degraded I have felt, that so much unpleasant truth could be advanced on this topic. Whether “reform is to be expected” from what A.B. calls “abuse,” I know not, but I have often observed a soreness in this spot, especially among our Clergy, who have pretentions more than any other class of our fellow citizens, to the cultivation of literature.2 They feel themselves, a greater share of the reproach on this account, and their means of encouragement towards public undertakings on scientific ground are usually less than those of their bretheren in other professions.
I was, not long since present, in Boston, at the table of a great officer in the State Government, where allusion was
accidentally made in conversation, to the review which
lately issued from “the shop of Messers: Colon &
Spondee.” A young Lawyer compared something to the “abridgments of Geography, newly
abridged,” advertized in the review. A Judge, (all the Supreme Court bench being
present) remarked thereupon; “That paper, (the Museum,) was once taken in my family, but
the Editor has grown so intolerably abusive and saucy of late, that I would not have it
any longer in my house.” A Country Parson who sat next me at table seemed disposed to
join in this opinion & to enlarge upon it. I listened to what he said and then asked
him, if he thought there was no foundation for the complaints & strictures of that
Editor. “Perhaps there is,[”] replied he, & then proceeded with some remarks bearing
much resemblance to those of A.B. in the Mercury. “We have all of us, continued he, to
work & labor for a living in this Country. The Lawyer must attend the Courts; a
physician his patients, a Minister must write Sermons, and the Merchant must Ship off
& receive cargo’s.— All these necessary occupations interfere with an attention to
and patronage of learning & learned men—our Country is not yet ripe for them.” All
very just, said I, but it is this truth, that is complained of and which will starve the
man of letters, or at least keep him lean all the days of
his life. The conversation stopped here, and I have only detailed it to you, because you
were implicated in it.3
I am directed to ask you for your account against the President of
442 the U.S. for the Museum, during the period it has
hitherto been supplied. Two setts have constantly been sent, and it is wished they may
be continued. It is not known precisely at what period they were first received; your
account accompanied with directions to whom it may be paid in Boston, will receive due
honor. As I shall not be many days longer in this part of the Country, you had better
enclose the Account to “M rs: Abigail
Adams, Quincy, near Boston.”
With many good wishes for your welfare & prosperity I am / Dear
Sir / Your very obedt: Servant
RC (MH-H:MS Am 715 [56]); internal address: “Mr: Dennie.”
For Dennie and his Walpole, N.H., Farmer’s Weekly Museum, see vol. 12:114.
An essay by A. B. in the Massachusetts
Mercury, 15 March, complained of the “carping” condemnation of American
literature put forward in an installment by “Mess. Colon & Spondee,” a satirical
column written by Dennie and Royall Tyler from 1794 until 1811. Appearing in the Farmer’s Weekly Museum, 14 Jan. 1799, the column declared,
“No discoverer or improver of useful arts; no cultivator of the liberal; no poet; no
painter, no philosopher, no author, either of the brilliant or the solid class, dreams
of being noticed or rewarded at home” (The Prose of Royall
Tyler, ed. Marius B. Péladeau, Rutland, Vt., 1972, p. 191).
On 28 Feb. TBA dined in Boston with Mass. Supreme
Judicial Court justices Francis Dana, Robert Treat Paine, Theophilus Bradbury, Nathan
Cushing, and Thomas Dawes Jr., as well as Gov. Increase Sumner, Lt. Gov. Moses Gill,
and other prominent Bostonians. The diners discussed the Farmer’s Weekly Museum, 18 Feb., in which another column by “Mess. Colon &
Spondee” lamented the condensing of works of science and literature “down to the
meanest capacity and purse.” Of the dinner TBA noted, “We had some mirth,
some wit, an excellent dinner, but some small beer” (TBA, Diary, 1798–1799).
th.1799
I have received two letters from you, & suppose you wonder
that you have not heard from me much oftener.— we have
eight Children in the house all under 14 years age— They are as good as any; but they
keep me fully employed; they play hard, & tear their
Cloaths so that it is almost impossible to keep them whole.— If it was not the belief, that I am promoting the cause of Literature,
instilling into their tender minds a love of Order, the
moral, & christian virtues, as far as it is in my power, I should be very
unwilling to exert myself as I now do; but in this way I can do more good, perhaps,
better answer the end of Creation, & be more extensively useful to my
fellow-creatures, than by living a more quiet, & retired life— But if our 443 Boarders were persons of taste, of more years,
& more knowledge, I should enjoy life much better, but then I might not do so much
good—so I comfort myself, & bear it— But every thing seems a burden since your
dear Sisters death. While she was well & smiling by my side, my work was easy— she made every burden light, & pleasant.— She was
young, & had been moved from place to place—& it is a great satisfaction to me
that those who knew her best, loved her most. She never turned a scornful, or an
averted Eye upon the poor, & needy—but wept—that she could relieve no more—
Fortitude, & quick sensibility were in her, happily blended—her mind was honest as
light—& artless, as pure.
fairthat courtesy which flows
sincere!”1
I think (but I may be mistaken) that I have lost your Sister, at a time when I could not have wanted, or missed her more— I know I am very wrong & some might say very foolish to shed so many unavailing tears— But I cannot help it— It now seems as if the opening year, with all its vernal fragrance could have no charm for me—neither the sweet breath of morn, nor song of earliest Bird—Such is the disspirited state of my mind— I try—soar for a while, & then down I sink— What has added greatly to my grief, & anxiety has been the ill state of my dear little Abby— My mind had no sooner got relieved concerning her arm, than she was taken with a slow fever about eight weeks ago, from which she has not yet fully recovered— She has no pain, but sometimes in her head, nor any cough—but yet the fever cannot be quelled—her fever returns every few hours, yet she has a stomack to her food, & is almost as alert as usual—at first she was hoarse with a cold, & in her head— I wish if you could, you would mention her case to Dr Rush— I think it is strange her fever should continue—
What have you done with the Lounger you took out of Haverhill
Library? Mr Tucker has called upon me for it— But I have not seen it since you left
us—2 Did you not leave it at Mr
Abbots?— Mr Abbot is blessed with the birth of a second Daughter— He was so polite as
to present me with one of his Thansgiving Sermons—& I think with you, that it has
considerable merit.
3 your mode of expression exactly conveys my
Idea of the Book. The political sentiments I presume, procured its publication— Some
honour is due to the Subscribers, 444 as well as to the
Author, because it evinces a spirit of true federalism in them, as well as
discernment, & just esteem of their Minister— In this performance there are some
beautiful flights of fancy, well expressed— And we find them in all his compositions,
But for One who has studied rhetorick, & had so great advantages, I could not but
be surprized to see a number of flat sentences, ending with superfluous
monosyllibles—such, as “to us—it”—&cce— Such errors
in this enlightened age, ought to be avoided even in common conversation—& no
publication should be presented to the world, in a dishabille—
Did you hear my Son that Apollo had mistaken the heights of
Atkinson for Parnassus?— We can patronize the Muses— The
gentle Belinda’s notes, are in perfect Unison with his
Lyre— I will send you two of our Haverhill Papers— I think you, & your honoured
Uncle, in the hour of relaxation, will be pleased, especially with the piece upon the
present Juncture of Affairs4 Your Aunt
Adams was so good as to send me a letter of yours, written to her— I was glad to see
any improvement in hand writing— I wish you to be very careful of your address & the manner of your closing a letter—every dutiful expression, is particularly due to Your Aunt—both in speaking & writing your stile should
be very respectful—no one was ever faulted for this—5 Read the letters of J.Q.A— & T.BA— &
observe the respect, the dutiful regard visible through the whole— King Soloman when
he rose from his throne, at the presence of his Mother,—did not discover more filial,
affection, & true politeness, & decency of manners than is to seen in their
writings—6
William, & John A. Smith have enjoyed a good state of health this winter— Last week our Family attended one of the academic exhibitions— Mr Vose has written a Play called Independance Triumphant, or French reception in America—which appeared very well, as performed by his Scholars The play closed with Eulogies, & Benedictions—To those who had been the Instruments of Peace—&cc— I will transcribe a few words—
Maj.) Thanks to the time taught Washinton. Fame on her gilded page shall write the veteran hero’s name.—
Mrs Moreland) Thanks to the sage,
Immortal Adams. His praise shall echo from each
distant Shore; Myriads, now unborn shall clap their plaudits as he wafts in future
years. till his Name be borne aloft beyond the reach of time—
Col.) Thanks to the guardian powers above. May the symphonies of
earth mingle with cherubic anthems in the realms of heaven, & 445 one general glow of grateful acclamation make the
Universe Resound.—
What a priviledge do our Children enjoy? in being placed at such
seminaries of Literature? where they may be trained up to fill with dignity the most
important Stations— John spoke Adams & Liberty with
energy, & William a part of Mr Otis’s speech in Congress— They will both make
admirable Speakers— They send their duty to there Grandpapa—
I am happy to hear by a letter from Mr Bartlet to his Wife, that
your conduct is approved of, he spoke of you in very flattering terms— It was a sweet
cordial to me, you may be assured a mothers heart would
glow with pleasure— But do you think he is a critical
discerner? He is an excellent Man, but is he not partial to a Haverhill Youth?— I have not yet seen Mr Thomas Adams— I
want to much— The roads are bad now & will be, for there never was so cold, &
long a winter since my remembrance— I hope you will escape the Rheumatism, &
return before you will imbibe any of the pestilential air of the southward— Mrs Foster
was well, & contentedly happy the last time I heard from her— Miss Nancy Harrod
One of the lovliest of her sex, has been tarrying with her, & at your Aunts at Quincy for several weeks— On certain
unforeseen contingencies hangs the fate of future life— I am no Prophetess, or
Sibyl—So I shall not predict—7 You
mention the Ladies in Philadelphia as having excellent educations, & highly
improved.— I am thankful if any where, the means of obtaining knowledge is upon a more
equal scale, for my Sex have been cruelly injured, in the unjust niggardly
[distructive?] mode of Education.— Perhaps there is not any thing more pleasing, or
truly beneficial to a Youth, than the society & friendship of a virtuous circle,
of refined, well accomplished Ladies— But my Son ought you not to be very discreet,
& circumspect? &
meto explain
You enquire after Mr & Mrs Webster, & I have the pleasure
of telling you they came here the last of January & tarried with us a month— They
appeared very happy & well satisfied with each other— She makes an excellent wife.
She studies “household good—which is the female’s dignity & praise”—9 They enquired after you, & were glad you
were in so good a situation for improvement— They got home 446 well, we have had letters from them since their
return— Capt Webster, & all his family have moved to Landoff, & went up with
them, & for the present will live in the same house—10 Mr Josiah Webster is yet here;—he will I doubt
not make a very useful Judicious minster—11 It is of the utmost Consequence to have men of
Science, & uncorrupted hearts in this profession— The political Wheel, never moved
easy under any government, without their aid— In the revolution, & establishment
of the present system, they have been powerful Instruments— Take care of thyself my Son, & much is implied in this
Injunction12 / by thy Mother
Mr Peabody, Vose, Lydia, & thy little Sister send Love
RC (DLC:Shaw Family Papers); docketed: “1799 March 20.”
William Shenstone, “A Pastoral Ode, to the Hon. Sir Richard Lyttleton,” lines 100–102.
Peabody was possibly referring to Jeremiah Whitaker Newman, The Lounger’s Common-Place Book; or, Alphabetical Arrangement of
Miscellaneous Anecdotes, 2 vols., London, 1792–1793. The Haverhill Library
Society was a proprietary lending library founded in 1796 (Rules and Regulations of Haverhill Library, Newburyport, [1796], Evans, No. 47800). For Ichabod
Tucker, see vol. 11:36.
Rev. Abiel Abbot delivered his thanksgiving sermon in Haverhill,
Mass., on 29 Nov. 1798. In it, he described JA as “our guardian genius,
in a moment when singular talents and virtues are needed.” Abbot also applauded
JA’s religious beliefs and criticized the French Revolution. Abbot’s
daughter Emily was born on 4 Feb. 1799 (Abbot, A Memorial of
Divine Benefits, Haverhill, Mass., 1798, p. 17, Evans, No. 33262; Edward Franklin Everett, Descendants of Richard Everett of Dedham, Mass., Boston,
1902, p. 119).
From February to August Elizabeth Palmer penned seven poems for
the Haverhill Federal Gazette under the pseudonym
Belinda. Each appeared under the heading “Apollo’s Lyre,” and in the poem published on
15 March, Palmer argued for recognition of women’s role in the event of war against
France: “If for your fortunes, friends, and lives you dare / The various horrors of
the doubtful war; / Have we not husbands, children, parents too, / Must we not die,
must we not bleed with you? … I grant we shine in the domestic sphere, / The female
zenith of perfection’s there. / Yet own, presuming man, that we have pow’rs / If
call’d to action, that are great as yours” (Megan Marshall, The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism, Boston,
2005, p. 43–45, 472).
Shaw’s first letter to AA of 5 Feb., for which see his second of the same date, note 4, above, was closed, “In very great haste.”
1 Kings, 2:19.
AA shared Peabody’s good opinion of AHA: “I think her a very amiable accomplishd Girl, and was much pleased with her the week she spent here.” After socializing with “Miss H” several times in Boston in mid-February, including a trip to the theater, TBA brought AHA “to pass a few days at Quincy” on 26 Feb., and she remained until 9 March (AA to Peabody, 9 April, DLC:Shaw Family Papers; TBA, Diary, 1798–1799, 18, 22, 26 Feb., 9 March).
William Shenstone, “A Pastoral Ballad, in Four Parts,” Part 4, lines 21–24.
A possible conflation of Milton, Paradise
Lost, Book IX, line 233, and James Thomson, “Autumn,” line 603.
Possibly Capt. David Webster, who was the high sheriff of Grafton
Co., N.H. (J. Q. Bittinger, History of Haverhill, N.H.,
Haverhill, N.H., 1888, p. 110–111).
Josiah Webster (1772–1837), Dartmouth 1798, was studying theology
under Rev. Stephen Peabody. In November he was ordained as minister of the Second
Church of Ipswich, Mass.; Reverend Peabody delivered the ordination sermon (Joseph
Dow, “Complete List of Congregational Ministers in the Eastern 447 Part of Rockingham County, New Hampshire,”
NEHGR
, 1:331 [Oct. 1947]; Stephen Peabody, A
Sermon, Delivered at the Ordination of the Rev. Josiah Webster, to the Pastoral Care
of the Second Church, in Ipswich, November 13th, 1799, Haverhill, Mass.,
[1799], Evans, No.
36050).
The remainder of the letter was written vertically in the left margin.