Papers of John Adams, volume 20
r.
th.June. 1790.
I have to acknowledge the Rect. of your
esteem’d favor of the 20 Ulto. Our Genl. Assembly are now in Session.1
their Conduct thus farr has been perfectly Fœderal, how long it may continue is
uncertain. I am sorry that the assuming the State Debts & funding the Continental
Debt are so long delay’d. so long as we are kept in suspence we are a prey to
Speculators as most of our circulating Cash is employ’d in trading in paper.— ’till the
Debt is fix’d but very little other Business can be carr’d on.— I do not find in the
funding Bill any provision made for the New Emission Money, which runs on Interest &
which Congress pledg’d their Faith to redeem & pay the Interest annually, provided
the States neglected to make provision.2
One Years Interest only has been paid. I have a
considerable sum in this kind belonging to my father’s Estate, which has lain for a
number of Years.—3 Our Court has given up
the Light Houses in this State to Congress, it will be necessary for Congress, soon to
make the Law regulating Pilots. &c at present the Pilots of this port are under no
controul. shou’d this Law be bro’t forward, the Marine Society of this port, wou’d be
happy to render their services to put the Pilots on a proper footing.4
Mrs. Smith joins me in respects to Mrs. A— & yourself.—
Yrs. Most Respectfully
m.Smith.
RC (Adams Papers); addressed: “The Vice-President / of the United States /
New-York.”; endorsed: “Mr W. Smith / 12. June 1790.”
The Mass. General Court met from 26 May to 25 June (Mass., Acts
and Laws
, 1790–1791, p. 91; Stockbridge, Mass., Western Star, 6 July).
On 18 March 1780 Congress replaced Continental currency with a
“new emission” that was guaranteed as national legal tender and earned 5 percent
interest (Ferguson, Power of the Purse
, p. 51).
Isaac Smith Sr., who died three years earlier, had suffered
several financial setbacks from the depreciation of public securities and the loss of
two merchant ships (
AFC
, 8:196, 210).
The Mass. General Court passed an act on 10 June 1790
transferring all ownership deeds and maintenance duties of several public lighthouses
to the U.S. government. Federal oversight, however, remained murky. The Lighthouse Act
of 7 Aug. 1789 stipulated that pilots would be supervised by the states until Congress
made new legislation. Although Congress amended the Lighthouse Act on 19 July 1790,
and George Washington signed it into law three days later, it contained no guidelines
for pilot regulation (Mass., Acts and Laws
, 1790–1791, p. 7–9;
U.S. Statutes
at Large
, 1:53–54, 137;
First Fed. Cong.
,
1:422, 440).