Papers of John Adams, volume 20
th.May ’90
Sir, You did me the honor the winter before last to subscribe to a
little Astronomical essay of mine and on my presenting the work I was honor’d by your
invitation at Braintree, which gain’d me access 362 to your Excellency:
when on your understanding that I had been some many years in the East Indies, Your
Excellency was pleas’d to intimate that you would present to your friends in Congress a
memorial if I prepar’d one pointing out the eligibility of the Ameicans establishing
factories in the East Indies, and of striking up Commercial treaties with the Indostan,
and other Asiatic powers: a sufficient inducement for me to have digested into a
Narrative the materials in my possession and the India matters I had then in
speculation; and propos’d within my self to have effected this work, as soon as I should
have received the profits of my little litarary undertaking, but disappointed therein by
my having intrusted a man with my list of Subscribers and a second Edition of my Work
who laying himself in with Edes the Printer at Boston and my Engraver; both equally
dispos’d to wrong me, under the colour of Partnership, sequester’d the work out of my
hands, and left me in a very ridiculous position at Boston, depriving me of all the
advantages I expected to have reap’d from it; when in order to retrieve my self I set
about composing and protracting a Sett of Charts of the Coast of America which are all
now engraved, & publish’d in Boston;1
a laborious peice of work that I compleated under very disadvantageous circumstances:
when after having run my self in debt, in originating it, and bringing it forward by
obtaining the patronage of the Honorable Mr. Bowdoin, Mr. Tommy Russel, Major Covin &c. &c; oblig’d to give
it up and leave unpaid these demands, and forfeit my Engagements with the Public, or
surrender it up to an artful fellow upon very disadvantageous terms I choos’d the
latter, which man disappointing me in every shape, thro’ out the series of the whole
business, at the latter end I found my self, and family (remov’d by this time by me to
Boston) in sudden extremity in a severe season of the year, and finally reduc’d to the
alternative of being beholden to some four or five Honorable Gentlemen for assistance,
or of seeing my wife, & three Children suffer; for however dispos’d to stoop to any
thing for their support Gentlemen, and Merchants, on the one hand; to whom I was known,
averse to employ a person in a low station, who had been in company and conversation
with them, and with men of rank, and was; as they were pleas’d to say calculated for
something better; added to my having been considerably incapacitated from getting a
Livelyhood by daily labour, by reason of a shot—ie. or large iron ball, I received in
India that enter’d my breast, and pass’d thro’ my shoulder blade, in seising on an
English ship in the Gulph of Gugzerat while in the service of Gillumnabby the Prince of
Sinde;2 and men who had been a 363 long time in the line of Tuihin bendes the number
of Newcomers acting in that sphere leaving no opening for my succeeding that way on the
other hand and our furniture and things dispos’d of to buy bread; not resolution enough
to snatch my self from my family immers’d in such distress, and go farther afield for
their releif however expedient the step— in this provoking situation I remaind ’till
about the middle of this month, when rather than leave my family so situated, by going
to India at this time of life without securing to them some aid in my absence as some
had advis’d me to do I form’d the resolution of gaining this Metropolis where was the
seat of Government and where your Excellency residing something perhaps might be hop’d
for, for the meliorating my condition, at least if any countenance could be given to any
plan I might adopt for that purpose, that at the same time should have a tendency to
national utility, and induc’d by these hopes, and urg’d by the above motives I came here
and publish’d last Thursday the accompany’d Proposals: your Excellency’s patronage to
which, can I but obtain, by your honoring me with your name thereto, and the illustrious
Presidents name to crown my endeavours, it will most undoubtedly answer my most sanguine
expectations as it will be the means of not only bringing about a temporary assistance
for me, but enable me to open a private Marine Academy for the improvement, and
instruction of the Seafaring line in general, and a Marine Intelligence Office at the
same time, where when Captains of Vessels of all denominations should be supply’d with
Charts, and nautical directions and naval, and commercial information adapted to their
Voyages from the most modern and authentic authorities to any part of the World, and
enable me to prepare materials for an Edetion of large Terraqueous Globes, and the
Superfices for Engraving; a business I am thoroughly acquainted with which would have a
Tendency towards promoting useful Knowledge in this Empire, and of reestablishing my
self again in life. Then please your Excellency being my Ultimatum should I not with the
benevolent disposition you inherit succeed in this application I should conclude that
some fatality must attend my proceedings that defeats all my attempts in these parts
however honest my endeavours and despair of succeeding on the Continent of America! But
reflect then please your Excellency on the situation of mind that dictated these
sentiments and I should have hopes that this intrusion on your hours; to your self &
the world of such importance, and of my particulars might plead you to pardon the
liberty I have taken and to pay some little attention to my request begging leave to
subscribe myself with the greatest respect, May it 364 please Your
Excellency Your Excellency’s most Obedient & / devoted humble servant
RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “The Honorable John Adames Esquire / L.L.D. Vice President of the United States &c.”
Bartholomew Burges (ca. 1740–1807) taught navigation, surveying,
and astronomy in Ipswich, Mass. He wrote A Short Account of
the Solar System, and of Comets in General, Boston, 1789, Evans, No. 21722. His most
recent publication was A Series of Indostan Letters,
N.Y., 1790, Evans, No. 22380,
which he advertised in the New-York Packet, 27 May. Along
with engraver John Norman (ca. 1750–1817) and auctioneer Matthew Clark (ca.
1747–1798), Burges produced A Complete Chart of the Coast of
America, from Cape Breton into the Gulf of Mexico, Boston, 1790, Evans, No. 21738.
Several prominent authors, including David Ramsay and Jedidiah
Morse, joined Burges in petitioning Congress for copyright protection. On 23 June 1789
Benjamin Huntington of Connecticut introduced a bill in the House of Representatives
“to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing to authors and
inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.” Members
of the House postponed debate on the bill until the next session, presenting a revised
proposal “securing the copyright of books” on 28 Jan. 1790. One month later, Elias
Boudinot made another key change, expanding the privilege to maps, charts, and other
writings. Congress then passed the Copyright Act, which secured authors’ rights for
fourteen years, and George Washington signed it into law on 31 May (David Bosse,
“Matthew Clark and the Beginnings of Chart Publishing in the United States,” Imago Mundi, 63:22, 24, 26 [Jan. 2011];
First Fed.
Cong.
, 1:723, 728; 3:22 56–57, 94, 306; New York Gazette of the United States, 5 June). See also Richard Cranch’s 22 Jan. letter,
and note 1, above.
Fom 1757 to 1772, Ghulam Shah Kalhora ruled Hyderabad, located in
present-day Pakistan’s Sindh province (James Wynbrandt, A
Brief History of Pakistan, N.Y., 2009, p. 100).