Papers of John Adams, volume 19
nd:1788.
Permit an old friend to congratulate you upon your safe arrival in your native country. I rejoiced in reading, of the respectful manner in which you were received by your fellow Citizens.1 you serve a grateful & enlightned people. may you long continue to enjoy their Confidence, & may they long—very long continue to enjoy the benefits of your patriotism & knowledge.—
I have to thank you for many short letters during your Absence from America, but I owe more than I can express to you, for your excellent Volumes upon goverment. They shall be the Alcoran2 of my boys upon the great Subject of political happiness.— You have laid
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the world & posterity under great Obligations by your researches. I am not more satisfied of the truth of the first axioms any one proposition in Euclid than I am of the truth of your leading propositions in goverment.— Go on my dear friend in removing the rubbish of ignorance & prejudice from the Minds of your fellow Citizens. We live in an important Æra, and in a new Country. Much good may be done by individuals, & that too in a short time.
America has ever appeared to me to be the theatre in which human nature will receive its greatest civil & literary—and religious honors.— Now is the time to sow the Seeds of each of them. Providence seems to have intended you to have a material hand in this business. your labors for your country are only beginning. I hope—I expect—nay more—I am satisfied I shall see you in One of the first posts of the new goverment.— The Citizens of Pennsylvania will joyfully concur in this measure, especially if the southern & Eastern states should gratify them by fixing the Seat of Congress on the Delaware.3 This must be the compensation for their placing a citizen of Virginia in the Presidents Chair, and a citizen of New England in the Chair of the Senate.
The new goverment will demolish our Balloon Constitution. If it had no Other merit, this would be eno’ with me.— But it has a thousand other things to recommend it. It makes us a Nation. It rescues us from Anarchy—& Slavery.— It revives Agriculture & commerce. It checks moral & political iniquity. In a word, it makes a man both willing to live, & to die.— To live, because it opens to him fair prospects of great public & private happiness. To die, because it ensures peace—[and] order— Safety—& prosperity to his children.
Your letter, enclosing one from the German Chaplain of the king of Britain came safe to hand. The packet of this day will carry and Answer to Mr Milhoff enclosing Vouchers of the life &c of the german lady After whom he enquires.—4
My dear Mrs Rush joins me in most [res]pectful Compliments & congratulations to Mrs Adams.— We count five living, out of eight Children. Our Eldest boy will act the part of a young Midshipman on board the Ship Union which is to make a distinguished part of our procession in honor of the establishment of the new goverment.5
With every possible mark of respect and esteem, I am dear Sir your / Affectionate Old friend / & humble Servant
nRush.
RC (Adams Papers); addressed: “The honble: / John Adams Esqr: / Boston”; endorsed: “Dr Rush. July 2. Ansd / Decr. 2. 1788.” Some loss of text where the seal was removed.
For JA’s celebrated return to Boston, see John Hancock’s 7 May letter, and note 1, above.
That is, the Koran.
On 2 July Congress appointed a committee for “putting the said constitution into operation in pursuance of the resolutions of the late federal Convention.” On the 28th, Congress took up the question of where to locate the seat of the new federal government. The dispute over the temporary capital raged for two months as several sites were considered, including Philadelphia, New York City, Lancaster, Penn., Baltimore, Annapolis, Md., and Wilmington, Del. Finally, on 13 Sept. Congress resolved that its “present seat”—New York City—would serve as the location for “commencing proceedings under the said constitution” (
JCC
, 34:281, 358–360, 367–368, 383–385, 393–394, 456–457, 487–488, 521–523).
See JA’s letter of 28 Feb., and note 2, above.
Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush’s eldest son, John (1777–1837), was one of four young men invited to ride on a float “in the character of Midshipman; the duties of which station you are faithfully and diligently to perform” during a Philadelphia parade held to celebrate the Fourth of July and the ratification of the U.S. Constitution (
AFC
, 13:315, 500; Rush, Letters
, 1:lvii, 112; Whitfield J. Bell Jr., “The Federal Processions of 1788,” NYHS, Quart.
, 46:20 [Jan. 1962]).
I congratulate you my dear Sir! most cordially on your Return to your native Country, and am greatly pleased with the Reception you have met with— You deserve well of your country, and I am happy to find that the acknowledgment of your Services is not left solely to Posterity.
our convention is still sitting. The opposers of the Constitution have proposed many amendments. As yet we proceed with much Temper and moderation— I am not without Hopes of an Accommodation, altho’ my Expectations of it are not sanguine.1
Be pleased to present my Compliments & congratulations to Mrs. Adams, and believe me to be with sincere Esteem and Regard / Dr. Sir / your affecte. Friend & Servt
RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “The Hon’ble John Adams Esqr.”
For a summary of the states’ ratification, see Samuel Allyne Otis’ 7 July letter, and note 1, below. The New York State ratification convention met in Poughkeepsie on 17 June. The 65 delegates’ discussion centered on questions of representation and taxation, and the Antifederalists proposed numerous amendments. The New York delegates moved slowly through their debates, hampered by the complexity of the issues, the number of proposed amendments, and their limited daily meeting hours. On 26 July they ratified in a 30 to 27 vote, recommending over thirty amendments, mainly put forth by Gov. George Clinton’s Antifederalist bloc. Their proposals included a six-week limit on the use of the New York militia outside the state, a call for Congress to requisition the states for any direct taxes, and the drafting of a bill of rights. Caught between warring groups—with the Antifederalists in tight control of the assembly and the state senate dominated by Federalists—New York finally sent representatives to the House and Senate in April and July, respectively (Maier, Ratification
, p. 344, 348, 354–372, 395, 396–397;
AFC
, 8:272, 326).