Papers of John Adams, volume 17
]15–11 October 1785
To all to whom these Presents shall come or, be may be made known.
Whereas the United States of America in Congress Assembled, reposing special trust & confidence in the integrity prudence & ability of their trusty & well-beloved the Honble John Adams late one of their Ministers Plenipotentiary for negotiating a peace, and heretofore a Delegate in Congress from the State of Massachusetts & chief Justice of the Sd. State: the Honble Doctr. Benjamin Franklin their Minister Plenipotentiary at the court of Versailles & late another of their Ministers Plenipotentiary for negotiating a peace: and the Honble Thomas Jefferson a Delegate in Congress from the State of Virginia & late Governor of the sd State, did by their Commission under the seal of the United States & the signature of their then President, bearing date the twelfth day of May in the year of our Lord Christ one thousand seven hundred & eighty four, constitute & appoint the said John Adams Benjamin Franklin & Thomas Jefferson their Ministers Plenipotentiary, giving to them or a majority of them full powers & authority for the sd United States & in their name to confer, treat and negotiate with the Ambassador, Minister or Commissioner of His Majesty the Emperor of Morocco, vested with full & sufficient powers of & concerning a Treaty of Amity & Commerce as the case might be, to make & receive propositions for such a Treaty, & to conclude & sign the same transmitting it to the United States in Congress Assembled for their final ratification. And as it might so happen that the great and various affairs which the said United States had committed to the care & management of their sd. Ministers Plenipotentiary, might not admit of their meeting the Minister or Commissioner of which His Majesty the Emperor of Morocco might appoint to treat with them, of & concerning such Treaty, at a time & place that might otherwise be most convenient. 450Therefore The said United States in Congress Assembled, did on the eleventh day of March in the year of our Lord Christ one thousand seven hundred & eighty five, by their Commission under their seal & the signature of their President, authorize & empower their said three Ministers Plenipotentiary and the majority of them, by writing under their hands & seals to appoint & employ, and at pleasure to remove, such Agent in the said business as they, or the majority of them might think proper, which said Agent should have authority under directions & instructions of their said Ministers, to commence & prosecute negotiations & conferences for the said Treaty, with such person or persons on the part of His Majesty the Emperor of Morocco as to their said Ministers, or the majority of them should appear proper. Provided always that the Treaty in question should be signed by the said Ministers, but that preliminary articles thereto, might if previously approved by their said Ministers, or the majority of them be signed by the said Agent.2 And whereas Dr Benjamin Franklin one of the Ministers Plenipotentiary aforesaid is since returned to America.
Now know ye, that we John Adams Minister Plenipoten[tiary] of the United States of America at the court of Great Britain and Thomas Jeffer[son] Minister Plenipotentiary of the said States at the court of France, two of the Ministers Plenipotentiary aforesaid & a majority of them, reposing special trust & confi[dence] in the integrity, prudence & ability of the Honble. Thomas Barclay Esqr Consul General of the United States in France, have constituted, appointed & employed, and do by these presents constitute appoint & employ him the said Thomas Barclay, as Agent in the business aforesaid, hereby giving him full authority under our direc[tions] and instructions, to commence & prosecute negotiations & conferences for the said Treaty with such person or persons on the part of the Emperor of Morocco, as His Majesty shall appoint & empower for that purpose. Provided always that the Treaty in question shall be signed by us, but that preliminary articles thereto may if previously approved by us, be signed by the said Agent.
In testimony whereof we have hereto set our hands & seals
| London Octr. 5. 1785 | Paris 11 Otober 1785 |
| John Adams L.S. | Ths Jefferson L.S.3
|
FC in David Humphreys’ hand (PCC, No. 87, I, f. 137–138). Dft (Adams Papers); filmed at 5 October. Text lost due to a torn manuscript has been supplied from the Dft.
In the 5 Oct. postscript to his 2 Oct. letter to Thomas Jefferson, below, JA indicates that he had drafted four commissions, Thomas Barclay’s to Morocco and John Lamb’s to Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis, and was enclosing fair copies of them for Jefferson’s signature. In the Adams Papers, in addition to Barclay’s draft commission to Morocco, there is a LbC of Lamb’s commission to Tunis (LbC, APM Reel 111), also dated 5 Oct., that presumably was intended as an example of the commissions drafted by JA for Lamb. A note immediately following the LbC indicates that it was transcribed on 6 Oct. by Paul R. Randall, Lamb’s secretary.
To this point the commission is a close rendering of the commissioners’ 11 March commissions to negotiate with the Barbary States, except that the pronouns have been altered to make clear that Barclay’s commission is being issued by the commissioners rather than Congress. The wording of the remainder of the commission is JA’s. For the text of the joint commission to negotiate with Morocco, see vol. 16:563–564.
Immediately following the signatures, David Humphreys wrote, “N.B. The Commission to John Lamb Esqr Agent to the Dey & Government of Algiers is of the same tenor & date.”
n.
thOc
r.1785
On the other Leaf of this Sheet you have Copy of a Resolution of Congress of fourtenth of Feby. last. You will please to hold this Money in readiness to be transmitted to London as I shall have occasion for it, to pay Bills of Exchange which are to be drawn upon me & which I shall accept payable at the House of Messrs. C & R: Puller in London or at your Firm in Amsterdam as occasion may be. I shall have time to give you advice from time to time, as the Bills will be drawn at one or two usances, so that there will be no necessity to transmit much of this Money here at present—it is to be hoped the exchange will be more favorable the longer the delay
Your friend & sert.—
LbC in David Franks’ hand (Adams Papers); internal address: “Mr: M: Wilhem & Jan Willink / Nicholas & Jacob vanstaphorsts / Amsterdam”; notation: “SECRET & CONFIDENTIAL”; APM Reel 111.
Compare this letter with the commissioners’ earlier letter to the consortium of 12 Sept. (No. III, above). For the decision to draft a new letter and to have Thomas Barclay and John Lamb draw directly on JA for funds, see Barclay’s letter of credit, No. XII, below.
r6.[
–11] 1785
The United States of America in Congress Assembled on the 14th day of Febry. last resolved, that the Ministers of the United States who are directed to form Treaties with the Emperor of Morocco and 452the Regencees of Algiers Tunis & Tripoli be empowered to apply any Money in Europe belonging to the United States to that use: As you are appointed to proceed to Morocco as Agent for forming such Treaty with the Emperor you are hereby authorized & empowered to draw Bills of Exchange to the amount of a sum not exceeding twenty thousand Dollars, at one or two usances, upon “John Adams Esqr. Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America at the court of Great Britain, residing in Grosvenor Square, at the corner between Duke Street & Brook Street,” who will regularly accept & pay the same either at the house of R & C Puller in London or of Wilhem & Jan Willink & Nicholas & Jacob Staphorst at Amsterdam.1 Your Bills are however to be always accompanied with a letter of Advice in your own hand writing to Mr Adams, a duplicate of which you will also send by some other conveyance.
With great respect / We have the honour to be / Sir / Your affectionate friends & / humble Servants
r.6. 1785
r.11. 1785
Th
sJefferson.2
FC in David Humphreys’ hand (PCC, No. 87, I, f. 151–152); internal address: “The Honble / Thos Barclay Esqr. / Agent of the Emporer of Morocco.” LbC (Adams Papers); APM Reel 111.
JA may have drafted this letter, and that to John Lamb, on 5 October. In a postscript of that date to his 2 Oct. letter to Thomas Jefferson, below, JA reports drafting letters of credit for Barclay and Lamb and that he is sending fair copies of them for Jefferson’s signature. This required a change in the commissioners’ earlier letter to the loan consortium (No. III, above). For the new letter, this time only from JA, see No. XI, above. Jefferson informed Barclay of the commissioners’ decision in his letter of 26 Sept. (Jefferson, Papers
, 8:552), which Barclay enclosed in his to JA of 1 Oct. (Adams Papers).
Below the signatures David Humphreys wrote, “N. B. A letter of Credit of the same tenor, is also given to John Lamb Esqr. Agent to the Dey & Government of Algiers—sub stituting ‘forty thousand’ instead of ‘twenty thousand Dolls’ & adding after the passage ‘with a letter of Advice’ ‘and as your hand writing is wholly unknown to Mr Adams, these letters of advice are always to be in the hand writing of Paul R. Randal Esqr. who accompanies you, whose hand writing is left in the custody of Mr Adams as a check & a proof by comparison. The letters however as to be subscribed by you.’” In the Adams Papers, there is a LbC of the letter of credit issued to Lamb, in which the language indicated by Humphreys appears. That LbC, like the one of Barclay’s letter of credit, is in Paul R. Randall’s hand and presumably was intended as an exemplar of Randall’s hand when Lamb’s bills reached JA.