Papers of John Adams, volume 16
to the American Commissioners
r.24
th.1784.
I transmitted without loss of time to the Marquis of Carmarthen, His Majesty’s Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Copies of the two Letters which you had done me the honor of addressing to me;1 and am in consequence authorized to assure you, on the part of His Majesty’s Ministers, of their readiness to take into consideration any proposals coming from the United States that can tend to the establishing a system of mutual & permanent advantage to the two Countries; for the more ready accomplishment of which, I am instructed to notify to you, Gentlemen, the previous stipulation proposed by my Court that the United States should send a Person properly authorized and invested with the necessary powers to London, as more suitable to the dignity of either Power, than would be the carrying on at any third Place a negotiation of so great importance.
I have not yet receiv’d any instructions upon the subject of your Letter stating certain Propositions in regard to particular Articles of the Preliminaries of Peace, between England & France, signed on the 20th. of Janry: 1783, and acceded to by the Ministers of the United States, but I have every reason to believe that a full & candid discussion of those points will be enter’d into by my Court, with the sincere view, I can venture to say, of effecting a fair & equitable adjustment of the several matters offer’d for consideration, and from an earnest desire of promoting a friendly & confidential intercourse between Great Britain & America.
I have the honor to be, / with great truth & regard, / Gentlemen, / Your most obedient humble Servant
RC (PCC, No. 86, f. 69–72); internal address: “Messrs. Adams, Franklin, & Jefferson / American Ministers Plenipotentiary / &c &c &c—”; endorsed: “Paris Novr 24th / 1784 / from / The Duke of Dorset.” FC (Adams Papers).
See the commissioners’ two letters to Dorset
We apply to your Excellencÿ in behalf of an unfortunate young man, being a Citizen of Massechusetts New England called Sir Jonas Hartwell, who was gone to Spain to settle his affairs, and had received for his account from Boston the Brig remittance Cap: John Ashton loaded chiefly with a cargo of tobacco to the consignation by his absence of Mss. Widow Birmingham, at its arrival Mr. Hartwell came from Bordeaux to Bayonne, went to Bilbao on a business, and was taken by the Inquisitors and carried in to Logroño, all his effects were seised on by this tribunal & Mss. Birmingham compelled to deliver upon oath all his propertÿ, even that she remained creditor to a large sum, his crime should consist, in having been Roman Catholic, he recanted & became a Protestant, this was related to us bÿ Cap: Ashton, who very fortunately sett of, and is arrived here with his ship, we were so struck by this relation, that we directly thought it incumbent to our dutÿ to advice your Excellency thereof, because we could not conceive, how a free Citizen to the united States was liable to be taken as a Subject by His Roman Catholic Majesty’s inquisitors for the Cause of Religion, & this American having no person there, who can claim him, and therefore stranger to every bodÿ should be forced or to forsake his religion, or perhaps suffer death, convinced as we are of your good heart, we dare Confide, your Excellency shall not permit this hardship to one of your Countrÿmen and neighbours, & shall interest himself as He will think most adapted to his situation, we should rejoice, that we had been the cause of his deliverÿ, & that we had contributed to the benefit of one of the subjects to the united States.1
We hope to hear from your Excellencÿ on the subject & that he’ll permit us to remain constantely, / Sir. / Your most Ob: Humble / Servants.
RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “John Adams Esqr. / Paris.”
Jonas Hartwell, a Massachusetts merchant who had long resided in Spain and France, was arrested by the Inquisition at Bilbao, imprisoned, and stripped of his
437
property, including $30,000 from the sale of the cargo of tobacco, for speaking contemptuously of Catholicism. Friends of Hartwell alerted the American commissioners to his seizure, and on 15 Oct. Benjamin Franklin wrote to William Carmichael on behalf of JA, Thomas Jefferson, and himself to ask the American chargé d’affaires at Madrid to intercede with Spanish officials to gain Hartwell’s release and the restoration of his effects. Carmichael, who had already begun making inquiries into Hartwell’s situation, used Franklin’s letter as the basis of a memorandum that he addressed to José de Moñino y Redondo, Conde de Floridablanca, Spanish prime minister and foreign minister. Although Carmichael pressed the matter with Floridablanca for months, the Inquisition was not to be rushed. Hartwell died early in the spring of 1785 still in custody (
Dipl. Corr., 1783–1789
, 3:285–287, 294–295; Franklin, Writings
, 9:275–276; Carmichael to Franklin, 4 April 1785, PPAmP:Franklin Papers).
JA replied on 11 Dec. 1784 (LbC, APM Reel 107), thanking the Willinks for the information about Hartwell and advising them that the commissioners had already acted on his behalf and expected his release soon. JA further remarked of Hartwell’s difficulties, “it is to be hoped that his Example will deter other Americans from rash Conversions, and then they will be in no Danger of the Indignation of the Inquisition for Supposed Apostacies.”