Papers of John Adams, volume 16

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To Wilhem & Jan Willink, Nicolaas & Jacobvan Staphorst, and De la Lande & Fynje

xxxvii Editorial Method

Guide to Editorial Apparatus

The first three sections (1–3) of this guide list, respectively, the arbitrary devices used for clarifying the text, the code names for prominent members of the Adams family, and the symbols that are employed throughout The Adams Papers, in all its series and parts, for various kinds of manuscript sources. The final three sections (4–6) list, respectively, the symbols for institutions holding original materials, the various abbreviations and conventional terms, and the short titles of books and other works that occur in volume 16 of the Papers of John Adams.

1. TEXTUAL DEVICES

The following devices will be used throughout The Adams Papers to clarify the presentation of the text.

[. . .]	One word missing or illegible.
[. . . .]	Two words missing or illegible.
[. . . .]1	More than two words missing or illegible; subjoined footnote estimates amount of missing matter.
[]	Number or part of a number missing or illegible. Amount of blank space inside brackets approximates the number of missing or illegible digits.
[roman]	Conjectural reading for missing or illegible matter. A question mark is inserted before the closing bracket if the conjectural reading is seriously doubtful.
~~roman~~	Canceled matter.
[italic]	Editorial insertion.
{roman}	Text editorially decoded or deciphered.

2. ADAMS FAMILY CODE NAMES

First Generation
JA	John Adams (1735–1826)
AA	Abigail Adams (1744–1818), m. JA 1764

Second Generation
AA2	Abigail Adams (1765–1813), daughter of JA and AA, m. WSS 1786
WSS	William Stephens Smith (1755–1816), brother of SSA
JQA	John Quincy Adams (1767–1848), son of JA and AA
LCA	Louisa Catherine Johnson (1775–1852), m. JQA 1797
xxxviii
CA	Charles Adams (1770–1800), son of JA and AA
SSA	Sarah Smith (1769–1828), sister of WSS, m. CA 1795
TBA	Thomas Boylston Adams (1772–1832), son of JA and AA
AHA	Ann Harrod (1774–1845), m. TBA 1805

Third Generation
GWA	George Washington Adams (1801–1829), son of JQA and LCA
JA2	John Adams (1803–1834), son of JQA and LCA
MCHA	Mary Catherine Hellen (1806–1870), m. JA2 1828
CFA	Charles Francis Adams (1807–1886), son of JQA and LCA
ABA	Abigail Brown Brooks (1808–1889), m. CFA 1829
ECA	Elizabeth Coombs Adams (1808–1903), daughter of TBA and AHA

Fourth Generation
LCA2	Louisa Catherine Adams (1831–1870), daughter of CFA and ABA, m. Charles Kuhn 1854
JQA2	John Quincy Adams (1833–1894), son of CFA and ABA
CFA2	Charles Francis Adams (1835–1915), son of CFA and ABA
HA	Henry Adams (1838–1918), son of CFA and ABA
MHA	Marian Hooper (1842–1885), m. HA 1872
MA	Mary Adams (1845–1928), daughter of CFA and ABA, m. Henry Parker Quincy 1877
BA	Brooks Adams (1848–1927), son of CFA and ABA

Fifth Generation
CFA3	Charles Francis Adams (1866–1954), son of JQA2
HA2	Henry Adams (1875–1951), son of CFA2
JA3	John Adams (1875–1964), son of CFA2

3. DESCRIPTIVE SYMBOLS

The following symbols are employed throughout The Adams Papers to describe or identify the various kinds of manuscript originals.

D	Diary (Used only to designate a diary written by a member of the Adams family and always in combination with the short form of the writer’s name and a serial number, as follows: D/JA/23, i.e., the twenty-third fascicle or volume of John Adams’ manuscript Diary.)
Dft	draft
Dupl	duplicate
FC	file copy (A copy of a letter retained by a correspondent other than an Adams, no matter the form of the retained copy; a copy of a letter retained by an Adams other than a Letterbook or letterpress copy.)
FC-Pr	a letterpress copy retained by an Adams as the file copy
IRC	intended recipient’s copy (Generally the original version but received after a duplicate, triplicate, or other version of a letter.)
Lb	Letterbook (Used only to designate an Adams Letterbook and always in combination with the short form of the writer’s name xxxix and a serial number, as follows: Lb/JQA/29, i.e., the twenty-ninth volume of John Quincy Adams’ Letterbooks.)
LbC	Letterbook copy (Used only to designate an Adams Letterbook copy. Letterbook copies are normally unsigned, but any such copy is assumed to be in the hand of the person responsible for the text unless it is otherwise described.)
LbC-Tr	Letterbook copy-transcript (A transcript of an official letter or document copied into a volume of transcripts created for JA by Benjamin Franklin’s secretary Jean L’Air de Lamotte, APM Reel 103.)
M	Miscellany (Used only to designate materials in the section of the Adams Papers known as the “Miscellanies” and always in combination with the short form of the writer’s name and a serial number, as follows: M/CFA/31, i.e., the thirty-first volume of the Charles Francis Adams Miscellanies—a ledger volume mainly containing transcripts made by CFA in 1833 of selections from the family papers.)
MS, MSS	manuscript, manuscripts
RC	recipient’s copy (A recipient’s copy is assumed to be in the hand of the signer unless it is otherwise described.)
Tr	transcript (A copy, handwritten or typewritten, made substantially later than the original or later than other copies—such as duplicates, file copies, or Letterbook copies—that were made contemporaneously.)
Tripl	triplicate

4. LOCATION SYMBOLS

CSmH	Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens
DLC	Library of Congress
DNA	National Archives and Records Administration
MB	Boston Public Library
MH-Ar	Harvard University Archives
MHi	Massachusetts Historical Society
MaSaPEM	Peabody Essex Museum
NHi	New-York Historical Society
NN	New York Public Library
NNC	Columbia University
NNMus	Museum of the City of New York
PHC	Haverford College
PHi	Historical Society of Pennsylvania
PPAmP	American Philosophical Society
PU	University of Pennsylvania
ScCoAH	South Carolina Department of Archives and History

5. OTHER ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONAL TERMS

Adams Papers Manuscripts and other materials, 1639–1889, in the Adams Manuscript Trust collection given to the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1956 xl and enlarged by a few additions of family papers since then. Citations in the present edition are simply by date of the original document if the original is in the main chronological series of the Papers and therefore readily found in the microfilm edition of the Adams Papers (see below). The Adams Papers The present edition in letterpress, published by The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. References to earlier volumes of any given unit take this form: vol. 2:146. Since there is no overall volume numbering for the edition, references from one series, or unit of a series, to another are by writer, title, volume, and page, for example, JA, D&A , 4:205. Adams Papers Editorial Files Other materials in the Adams Papers editorial office, Massachusetts Historical Society. These include photocopied documents (normally cited by the location of the originals), photographs, correspondence, and bibliographical and other aids compiled and accumulated by the editorial staff. APM Formerly, Adams Papers, Microfilms. The corpus of the Adams Papers, 1639–1889, as published on microfilm by the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1954–1959, in 608 reels. Cited in the present work, when necessary, by reel number. Available in research libraries throughout the United States and in a few libraries in Canada, Europe, and New Zealand. AVPR Arkhiv vneshnei politiki Rossii, Moscow. Nationaal Archief Nationaal Archief, The Hague. For details on the Dumas Papers microfilm edition, see JA, D&A , 3:9–10. PCC Papers of the Continental Congress. Originals in the National Archives: Record Group 360. Microfilm edition in 204 reels. Usually cited in the present work from the microfilms, but according to the original series and volume numbering devised in the State Department in the early nineteenth century; for example, PCC, No. 93, III, i.e., the third volume of series 93. PRO National Archives of the United Kingdom, London. Formerly Public Record Office. Records of the States: Mass. Records of the States of the United States of America: [Massachusetts], comp. and ed. William Sumner Jenkins, Washington, D.C., 1949–1951. Originals in the Massachusetts Archives and other repositories in the state. Library of Congress microfilm edition in 111 reels. Cited in the present work by class and part, reel number, unit, and original volume and page number. xli

6. SHORT TITLES OF WORKS FREQUENTLY CITED

AA2, Jour. and Corr.

Journal and Correspondence of Miss Adams, Daughter of John Adams, … Edited by Her Daughter [Caroline Amelia (Smith) de Windt], New York and London, 1841–[1849]; 3 vols.

Note: Vol. [1], unnumbered, has title and date: Journal and Correspondence of Miss Adams, 1841; vol. 2 has title, volume number, and date: Correspondence of Miss Adams … Vol. II, 1842; vol. [3] has title, volume number, and date: Correspondence of Miss Adams … Vol. II, 1842, i.e., same as vol. 2, but preface is signed “April 3d, 1849,” and the volume contains as “Part II” a complete reprinting, from same type and with same pagination, of vol. 2, above, originally issued in 1842.

Adams, Writings The Writings of Samuel Adams, ed. Harry Alonzo Cushing, New York, 1904–1908; 4 vols. AFC Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender, Richard Alan Ryerson, Margaret A. Hogan, and others, Cambridge, 1963– . Allen, Mass. Privateers Gardner Weld Allen, Massachusetts Privateers of the Revolution (Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections, vol. 77), Boston, 1927. Amer. Hist. Assoc., Ann. Rpt. for [year] American Historical Association, Annual Report, 1889– . Bemis, Diplomacy of the Amer. Revolution Samuel Flagg Bemis, The Diplomacy of the American Revolution: The Foundations of American Diplomacy, 1775–1823, New York and London, 1935. Biog. Dir. Cong. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–1989, Washington, D.C., 1989. Boston, [vol. no.] Report City of Boston, Record Commissioners, Reports, Boston, 1876–1909; 39 vols. Burnett, Letters of Members Edmund C. Burnett, ed., Letters of Members of the Continental Congress, Washington, D.C., 1921–1936; 8 vols. Cambridge Modern Hist. The Cambridge Modern History, Cambridge, Eng., 1902–1911; repr. New York, 1969; 13 vols. Cannon, Fox-North Coalition John Cannon, The Fox-North Coalition: Crisis of the Constitution, 1782–4, London, 1969. Catalogue of JA’s Library Catalogue of the John Adams Library in the Public Library of the City of Boston, Boston, 1917. CFA, Diary Diary of Charles Francis Adams, ed. Aïda DiPace Donald, David Donald, Marc Friedlaender, L. H. Butterfield, and others, Cambridge, 1964– . xlii DAB Allen Johnson, Dumas Malone, and others, eds., Dictionary of American Biography, New York, 1928–1936; repr. New York, 1955–1980; 10 vols. plus index and supplements. Dipl. Corr., 1783–1789 The Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States of America, from … 1783, to … 1789, [ed. William A. Weaver], repr., Washington, D.C., 1837 [actually 1855]; 3 vols. DNB Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee, eds., The Dictionary of National Biography, New York and London, 1885–1901; repr. Oxford, 1959–1960; 21 vols. plus supplements. Dull, French Navy and Amer. Independence Jonathan R. Dull, The French Navy and American Independence: A Study of Arms and Diplomacy, 1774–1787, Princeton, 1975. Evans Charles Evans and others, American Bibliography: A Chronological Dictionary of All Books, Pamphlets and Periodical Publications Printed in the United States of America [1639–1800], Chicago and Worcester, 1903–1959; 14 vols. Ferguson, Power of the Purse E. James Ferguson, The Power of the Purse: A History of American Public Finance, 1776–1790, Chapel Hill, N.C., 1961. Fowler, Baron of Beacon Hill William M. Fowler Jr., The Baron of Beacon Hill: A Biography of John Hancock, Boston, 1980. Franklin, Papers The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, ed. Leonard W. Labaree, William B. Willcox, Claude A. Lopez, Barbara B. Oberg, Ellen R. Cohn, and others, New Haven, 1959– . Franklin, Writings The Writings of Benjamin Franklin, ed. Albert Henry Smyth, New York and London, 1905–1907; 10 vols. Heitman, Register Continental Army Francis B. Heitman, Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army during the War of the Revolution, rev. edn., Washington, D.C., 1914. Hoefer, Nouv. biog. générale Jean Chrétien Ferdinand Hoefer, ed., Nouvelle biographie générale depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu’à nos jours, Paris, 1852–1866; 46 vols. JA, D&A Diary and Autobiography of John Adams, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1961; 4 vols. JA, Defence of the Const. John Adams, A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, London, 1787–1788; repr. New York, 1971; 3 vols. JA, Earliest Diary The Earliest Diary of John Adams, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1966. xliii JA, Legal Papers Legal Papers of John Adams, ed. L. Kinvin Wroth and Hiller B. Zobel, Cambridge, 1965; 3 vols. JA, Papers Papers of John Adams, ed. Robert J. Taylor, Gregg L. Lint, and others, Cambridge, 1977– . JA, Works The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States: with a Life of the Author, ed. Charles Francis Adams, Boston, 1850–1856; 10 vols. Jay, Unpublished Papers John Jay: Unpublished Papers, ed. Richard B. Morris, New York, 1975–1980; 2 vols. JCC Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789, ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford, Gaillard Hunt, John C. Fitzpatrick, Roscoe R. Hill, and others, Washington, D.C., 1904–1937; 34 vols. Jefferson, Papers The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Julian P. Boyd, Charles T. Cullen, John Catanzariti, Barbara B. Oberg, and others, Princeton, 1950– . JQA, Diary Diary of John Quincy Adams, ed. David Grayson Allen, Robert J. Taylor, and others, Cambridge, 1981– . Lafayette, Papers Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, ed. Stanley J. Idzerda and others, Ithaca, N.Y., 1977–1983; 5 vols. Laurens, Papers The Papers of Henry Laurens, ed. Philip M. Hamer, George C. Rogers Jr., David R. Chesnutt, C. James Taylor, and others, Columbia, S.C., 1968–2003; 16 vols. Mass., Acts and Laws Acts and Laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts [1780–1805], Boston, 1890–1898; 13 vols. Miller, Treaties Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America, ed. Hunter Miller, Washington, D.C., 1931–1948; 8 vols. Morris, Papers The Papers of Robert Morris, 1781–1784, ed. E. James Ferguson, John Catanzariti, Elizabeth M. Nuxoll, Mary A. Gallagher, and others, Pittsburgh, 1973–1999; 9 vols. Morris, Peacemakers Richard B. Morris, The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence, New York, 1965. Myers, Liberty without Anarchy Minor Myers Jr., Liberty without Anarchy: A History of the Society of the Cincinnati, Charlottesville, Va., 1983. Namier and Brooke, House of Commons Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke, eds., The House of Commons, 1754–1790, London, 1964; 3 vols. xliv NEQ New England Quarterly. Nieuw Ned. Biog. Woordenboek P. C. Molhuysen and others, eds., Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek, Leyden, 1911–1937; 10 vols. OED The Oxford English Dictionary, 2d edn., Oxford, 1989; 20 vols. Oliver, Portraits of JA and AA Andrew Oliver, Portraits of John and Abigail Adams, Cambridge, 1967. Oliver, Portraits of JQA and LCA Andrew Oliver, Portraits of John Quincy Adams and His Wife, Cambridge, 1970. Parliamentary Hist. The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803, London, 1806–1820; 36 vols. PMHB Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Repertorium Ludwig Bittner and others, eds., Repertorium der diplomatischen Vertreter aller Länder seit dem Westfälischen Frieden (1648), Oldenburg, 1936–1965; 3 vols. Ritcheson, Aftermath of Revolution Charles R. Ritcheson, Aftermath of Revolution: British Policy toward the United States, 1783–1795, Dallas, 1969. Roberts and Roberts, Thomas Barclay Priscilla H. Roberts and Richard S. Roberts, Thomas Barclay (1728–1793): Consul in France, Diplomat in Barbary, Bethlehem, Penn., 2008. Sibley’s Harvard Graduates John Langdon Sibley, Clifford K. Shipton, Conrad Edick Wright, Edward W. Hanson, and others, Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Cambridge and Boston, 1873– . Smith, Letters of Delegates Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774–1789, ed. Paul H. Smith and others, Washington, D.C., 1976–2000; 26 vols. Trumbull, Autobiography The Autobiography of Colonel John Trumbull, Patriot-Artist, 1756–1843, ed. Theodore Sizer, New Haven, 1953. U.S. and Russia The United States and Russia: The Beginning of Relations, 1765–1815, ed. Nina N. Bashkina and others, Washington, D.C., 1980. U.S. Statutes at Large The Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America, 1789–, Boston and Washington, D.C., 1845– . Washington, Papers, Confederation Series The Papers of George Washington: Confederation Series, ed. W. W. Abbot and others, Charlottesville, Va., 1992–1997; 6 vols. xlv Washington, Writings, ed. Fitzpatrick The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799, ed. John C. Fitzpatrick, Washington, D.C., 1931–1944; 39 vols. Wharton, Dipl. Corr. Amer. Rev. The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, ed. Francis Wharton, Washington, D.C., 1889; 6 vols. Winter, Amer. Finance and Dutch Investment Pieter J. van Winter and James C. Riley, American Finance and Dutch Investment, 1780–1805, New York, 1977; 2 vols. Young, Night Thoughts Edward Young, The Complaint; or, Night Thoughts on Life, Death, and Immortality: In Nine Nights.