Adams Family Correspondence, volume 14
N
o16
y25
st:April 1800
Since the date of my last, I have received none from you, though we are in expectation of arrivals from Hamburg, which we think must bring Some tidings of or from you.
I wrote a letter to Messrs:
Marks & Co. very soon after the receipt of
the papers of Mr: Engel, and in the course of a
few days after, got an answer copy of which I now enclose.— I have put the
business into the hands of Mr: Malcom, formerly
Secretary to the P——t, who is in the practice of Law at New York, and who
thinks something may in time be recovered, by a sale of the lands, though he
could not say how much— He informed me that the affairs of Messrs: Marks & C°.
have for some time been considered desperate, and thinks nothing more than
the provision made for the German Creditors, could be secured by further
process. Mr: Malcom has conversed with Messrs: Marks & also with their Attorney, who
assured him that the tract of land was capable of division by the terms of
reservation & the title Deeds are lodged in the hands of a very
respectable Gentleman at N York for the benefit of the concern, in
Trust.1
Congress are still in Session—nothing but hot weather
will drive them off the ground. Measures of great importance have been
agitated towards the close of the season, and some have been adopted, though not without a struggle— Such, for
example, was the Bankrupt Bill, which long labored in the house &
finally passed by the Speaker’s vote, though a majority of the Members would
have voted 188 for it, had they been in the house
when the question was taken. In Senate, Gentlemen were much divided, as you
will see by the votes— it was not altogether a party question, but the
Mercantile interest was generally unfriendly to the measure, because it will
limit in a degree their hitherto boundless propensity to over trade, which
has been attended with consequences of a most destructive nature to the
Commercial prosperity of the Country. The Exports from the U.S. for the last
year, exceed $70 millions whereas the Imports fell short of former years— A
deficiency of revenue is the consequence & the Government must again
borrow four or five millions for the service of the current year— If this
state of things were to exist for any considerable time, we should have a
debt to hang about our necks as the English have, though I believe sincerely
it is not so much to be deprecated as it often has been—2 A Government certainly strengthens
itself much by being in debt to the people it protects, rather than by their
being much in arrear with it, so that I am tolerably sure, that the best
& only policy of a Government like ours, is not to be oversolicitous to
avoid borrowing from the public; however, to avow sentiments like these,
would be at all times extreemly disgusting and odious to our sovereigns—not
less so than to advocate a National consolidation of Government—both of
which, in the opinions of many, are very desirable objects to be
realized.
The Bill reported in Congress for improving the Judiciary
System, has met with great opposition— It will not pass as reported, though
a modification of it may— Consolidation of the States, is the bug bear so
much dreaded, and private views in some instances got the better of devotion
to the public cause—this is neither a new thing or an extraordinary
one—though I think it grows more rapidly than heretofore— Nevertheless as
much harmony & liberality have prevailed during this Session of
Congress, as any I remember— The Demo’s have made two desperate attempts to
rouse popular clamor—to interest the passions of the vulgar and persuade
them that their dearest rights & liberties are on the verge of
destruction, &ca: but with all their
efforts, they were able, very seldom to get a full Gallery in Congress—
The Senate of the U.S. instituted process a few days
since against Duane the Editor of the Aurora,
for a contempt of their body breach of
privilege, in publishing a Bill then before them, as having already passed,
and making some false & scandalous remarks upon the same, with other
representations of their proceedings, equally false & malicious— A
Resolution was first brought forward to ascertain 189 who was the Actual Editor of the
Aurora—which being done, other resolutions were proposed and passed, for
bringing the said Editor before them— He was accordingly summoned to appear,
on a given day—(Monday the 24th: March) which he
did—the accusation being read to him, he addressed the Senate in a few
words, the purport of which was, that he was no Lawyer & being fearful
that his ignorance of forms, might establish a precedent unfriendly to the
liberties of his fellow citizens, he beg’d
to be heard by Counsel— This the Senate did not refuse, but judged proper to
prescribe the terms on which his Counsel should be admitted to defend
him—viz, not to question the jurisdiction of that tribunal, nor to justify
the offence— Dallas & Cooper, who were both applied to, would not
undertake the defence on such conditions— Of course he did not appear at the
day assigned for his hearing— The Senate then proceeded to other steps for
the purpose of securing his person, for a contempt, and passed the necessary
resolve—obliging their President to issue his Warrant for apprehending the
said Duane—which has been done, but the Culprit has seen fit to skulk &
has either secreted himself in his house in the City, or fled from it, for
the time being.3
The impudence of the jacobin faction, is almost beyond human patience to endure—it increases every hour in this state, which is beyond a doubt the focus of sedition. Our Legislature have adjourned without passing a law on the subject of Electors, which will oblige their being again convoked in the Summer, but no expectations are entertained that any mode will be agreed upon— There is more political trimming in this State than I believed possible to exist—the powers that be, carry all, like a torrent with them; only a few, will not bow the knee to Baal—4
I have done but little business of a professional nature hitherto, but yet more than I looked for— When I begin to grow hungry, it will be time enough to sell myself for a mess of potage—5
Our parents are well and have been so, generally, all the
Season. As soon as Congress rise, they will leave me once more to bask in
all the effulgence of a Philadelphia Summer, and all the tedium of cheerless
celibacy— I may add however by way of
consolation, with all the liberty of that
condition—
We have passed a very pleasant & comfortable winter
here, and you will believe me, when I assert, though perhaps reluctantly
enough, that all the winters I spent abroad were not worth a week at home,
though my personal anxiety & concern were much less then than now. The
charm of self importance was unknown to me, ’till since I 190 began to retail the law to the few
casual applicants at my Office—it taught me to think more & better of
myself than I was wont, and you know what a
fascination there is in this.
Farewell— I did not think to write more than a dozen lines, when I began; / Your’s
RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “J
Q Adams Esqr:”; endorsed: “16. / T. B.
Adams. 1. April 1800. / 1. June 1800 recd: /
10. do: Ansd:.”
The enclosure has not been found. On 7 and 17 Nov.
1799 JQA wrote to TBA (LbC’s,
APM Reel 134),
detailing his efforts to assist with the U.S. interests of a German,
Carl August Engel, who was pursuing a claim against Jacob Mark & Co.
of New York, for which see vol. 13:460. The 7 Nov. letter listed five enclosures
relating to the dispute, and the second letter enclosed duplicates of
the same documents. The company’s attorney was probably John Ferrers (d.
1813), a New York lawyer who was appointed by Mark and his partner, John
Speyer, prior to 11 July to pursue a claim in Europe. On 2 Dec. Mark and
Speyer transferred 64,000 acres of land in Clinton County, N.Y., to New
York banker John Murray “in trust, for certain of their German creditors” (vol. 13:460; William
Johnson, Reports of Cases Argued and Determined
in the Supreme Court of Judicature … in the State of New-York,
3d edn., 20 vols., N.Y., 1859–1873, 3:71–72; New York Commercial Advertiser, 14 Sept. 1813; French Spoliations: Report of the Secretary of
State Relative to … Spoliations Prior to July 31, 1801,
Washington, D.C., 1886, p. 18; John Caldwell and Oswaldo Rodriguez
Roque, American Paintings in the Metropolitan
Museum of Art, 3 vols., Princeton, N.J., 1994, 1:220).
TBA accurately summarized the state of
the U.S. economy at the turn of the century. In 1799 the nation exported
$79 million in goods and imported the same amount. In 1800 exports
totaled $71 million while imports stood at $91 million. Government
revenue in 1799 was just over $7.5 million but spending was in excess of
$9.6 million; the resulting deficit was the largest to date. Revenue and
expenditures were nearly balanced in 1800, however, with a surplus of
$63,000. Annual surpluses continued until 1809. The national debt and
trade imbalance were the subject of congressional debates printed in the
New York Commercial Advertiser, 27 March
1800 (Susan B. Carter and others, eds., Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Times to the
Present, 5 vols., N.Y., 2006, rev. edn., hsus.cambridge.org,
5:80, 498, tables Ea584–586, Ee365, 368, 371).
On 27 March the Senate resolved that William Duane
was guilty of contempt for having failed to appear the previous day, and
it requested a warrant for his arrest. The issue arose after Duane
printed in his Aurora General Advertiser,
19 Feb., a Senate bill regarding procedures that would entrust the
outcome of a disputed presidential election to a committee of thirteen,
comprising the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, six congressmen,
and six senators. Since Federalists controlled both houses of Congress
and had appointed all members of the Supreme Court, the choice of
president would rest with the majority party. The House and Senate
failed to agree on a joint version of the bill, and it was tabled at the
end of the session, but in March Democratic-Republicans leaked a draft
to Duane, who printed it as the product of “the party hostile to the
popular interests.” Connecticut senator Uriah Tracy seized on an error
made by Duane in claiming the bill had already passed the Senate and
proposed a resolution to investigate whether the report was seditious.
During the resulting debate opponents claimed that passage would place
Senate investigators in the untenable position of trying to determine
authorship, but on 19 March the resolution passed. Duane appeared before
the Senate on 24 March, requesting legal counsel, and on the 25th
Alexander James Dallas and Thomas Cooper declined to represent him
because of Senate restrictions on defense counsel. Duane then failed to
appear the following day. While in hiding he continued to publish the
Aurora. He was still free when Congress
adjourned on 14 May, and it was not until 17 Oct. that the Senate charge
was heard in U.S. Circuit Court, for which see also vol. 13:535. The
government’s move to Washington delayed 191 the case, however, and it was
finally dropped early in the Jefferson administration (
Annals
of Congress
, 6th Cong., 1st sess., p. 63, 84,
112–115, 117–119, 121–124, 184; Smith, Freedom’s
Fetters
, 288–289, 294–298, 301–305; Jefferson, Papers
, 31:547–548).
Romans, 11:4.
Genesis, 25:30–34.