Adams Family Correspondence, volume 10

Thomas Boylston Adams to Abigail Adams, 22 January 1794 Adams, Thomas Boylston Adams, Abigail
Thomas Boylston Adams to Abigail Adams
My dear Mother Philadelphia Jany: 22d: —94.

your favor of the 6th: Instt: has been received—1 The expressions of tendeness & Maternal affection which it contains on my behalf, deserve a grateful return. It is true I commenced my career at the Bar, as the Prosecutor of a Female— The cause was of such a nature, that there was no necessity for personal or general remarks in the manner you allude to;

I took occasion to remark to the Jury on the evil tendency of Disorderly houses—that they were a common nuisance in the Neighborhood where they existed, & a general evil, by the effects of them upon the Manners & Morals of the Citizens. That the Evil was rapidly increasing, and the frequency of complaints upon this subject was the best evidence that they called for suppression— The testimony was insufficient to convince the Jury that the person Indicted really did keep a house of the above description and therefore they found a verdict of Not Guilty. As to business—I except a long time will intervene, in which the crhristian virtue of Patience will need to be exercised— But I shall not despond so long as I can think, that I shall find employment some time or other—

I suppose my Father entertains you with a dish of Politicks every week; & I can scarce hope to afford any thing new upon the subject; Congress has been occupied eight days, upon the Discriminating Resolutions of Mr: Madison—2 There has been a display of Commercial & Political information, not often exhibited in Legislative Bodies— Mr: Dexter has done himself much honor by a very able, & Eloquent Speech; & seems to have answered the expectations formed of him— It is not possible that the Printers can do justice to 50 the Speech he delivered—3 I wish something would induce him to furnish the public a correct Copy. There is not much probability that these Resolutions will be carried— Much more has been said against, than for them, but there is no saying with certainty what will be the result from this circumstance. Many think them ill timed & unseasonable—rather than improper; that they should rather be the conclusion of unsuccessful negotiations, than the commencement of a System, having for its object—favorable terms of trade. They are thought to wear the appearance of coersion, rather than to speak the language of persuasion; and tho’ some proud spirits may think it derogatory to that independence, the boast & glory of the American character, to ask that as a favor which we ought to demand as a right, yet I think it will be found more beneficial to sacrifice a portion of this false delicacy, till we are in a situation to assert our true dignity & importance, not in words only, but in ability & action. Most of the Gentle men who have taken a share in the debate of these Resolutions, have taken occasion, by way of digression, to pass encomiums upon France and violent Philipic’s upon England. Regu[la]tions of Commerce have been made the in[stru]ment, by which the long harbored accrimo[ny of] National prejudice has been called i[. . . .] Since it is so fashionable to make profess[ion of] […]cal creed, I will give you mine among th[. . . .] I belive then, that the interests of our own Co[untry] should be the end and aim of all legislative regulations; that we ought to consider the relative situation of all other Nations to ours, no further than as an intimacy with them may prove advantageous or prejudicial— and let their Government be of what form it will— our intercourse should be most familiar with that Nation from whom we derive most benefit. National Gratitude is a virtue, plausible in theory, but it never can be practised but in aid of National interest.

Your affectionate son

Thomas B Adams 26th: Jany

PS— We flattered ourselves for a day or two with a report by Mr Otis Junr that Cheesman had returned to Boston; but advices have been since received from his consignors that he has not been heared of.4 Mr Deblois thinks The Vessel has gone to the west Indies, as Cheesman intended to sell her and was the chief owner of the Ca[rgo.] His discretionary powers were therefore greater than Captains usually have Your friends desire to be remembered to you.

TBA—5
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RC (Adams Papers); addressed: “Mrs: Abigail Adams / Quincy / near / Boston”; internal address: “Mrs A Adams”; endorsed: “Thomas Adams / Janry 26 1794.” Some loss of text where the seal was removed.

1.

Not found.

2.

On 3 Jan. James Madison proposed seven resolutions based on Thomas Jefferson’s Dec. 1793 proposals for commercial reciprocity. The intent was to punish foreign powers—particularly Britain—for discriminatory trade rules. Madison hoped to limit American dependence on British trade and perhaps assist the French, but opponents of the resolutions believed these measures could embroil the United States in the European war. Despite extensive debate, the resolutions never came to a vote in the House (Madison, Papers, Congressional Series, 15:147–150, 167–171).

3.

Samuel Dexter (1761–1816), Harvard 1781, represented Massachusetts in Congress from 1793 to 1795 and again as a senator from 1799 to 1800. He later served as secretary of war, then secretary of the treasury. On 23 Jan., Dexter spoke in the House of Representatives on Madison’s resolutions, arguing that Britain treated the United States no differently than other countries in its trade policies, and “he could not see what advantage America was to reap by restricting the navigation and manufactures of one foreign nation, merely to favor those of another.” Dexter also believed that forcing Americans to buy more expensive non-British goods amounted to a tax on the American people ( Biog. Dir. Cong. ; Annals of Congress, 3d Cong., 1st sess., p. 272–274).

4.

Samuel Allyne Otis Jr. (1768–1814) had been a plantation owner in Haiti until forced out by the revolution there. He eventually resettled in Newburyport (John J. Waters Jr., The Otis Family in Provincial and Revolutionary Massachusetts, Chapel Hill, N.C., 1968, p. 207).

5.

The postscript was written vertically in the margin between the second and third pages of the manuscript.

Abigail Adams to John Adams, 24 January 1794 Adams, Abigail Adams, John
Abigail Adams to John Adams
my dearest Friend Quincy Janry 24. 1794

We have had four days and Nights of Rain an old fashiond rain. if there had been upon the Ground a Body of snow, the flood of Rain, would have carried away all our Mills and Bridges it has laid our fenses in the meddow below the House flat the water is a foot above the bridge at mr Blacks, and over the Top of his wall which he built last Summer. till this Rain we have not had water to Grind with in Town, & the wells were very low. I expect a Fe’bry. winter.

The news of last Evening is that the duke of yorks Army with himself are captured and Toulon retaken with every ship, this in a hand Bill from Genet, who seems out of Breath for Joy, as he represents the whole city of Philadelphia he says the News arrived by a vessel from France which was sent there by the President, “and that Congress could not stay in their sitting”1

if I thought such an event would accelerate an Honorable Peace in Europe and enable France to Govern themselves, I could most sincerely unite in acclamations and congratulation’s but such is the state of wild Frenzy which possesses that devoted Nation, that they 52 will instanly invade England if in their power, possess themselves of Spain, & over turn every Throne, which they have ability to assault. Brissot and 14 others have follow’d the Queen in quick succession. Houchard we are told is also Goullitened,2 if it was not treating a subject so melancholy, with too much levity; one might advise any future general, whom the Convention may be disposed to invest with the Chief command, to send them such an answer, as it is said Harry the 8th of England received from a Foreign Lady to whom in the latter part of his Reign, he signified that it was his pleasure to marry her. to which she replied, [“]I am highly sensible of the honor your Majesty intends me, and if I had more Heads than one, should be proud of the Alliance, but as I have not, I must beg leave to decline the connexion”3

I hope tomorrows post will bring us more particulars, than Genets hasty hand Bill. I am some times almost tempted to wish that I was as ignorant of the Affairs of my Country, as those who are busied in a Round of dissipation. I should at least be free from the constant anxiety and solicitude which at present occupies all my thoughts, if by it, I could render any Service to my country, I should receive some compensation. I want to hear every day from you. I want to sit down and converse with you. every evening, I sit here alone and Brood over probabilities and conjectures. The Democratick Societys might more properly be termd Genetian. the resolves publishd in yesterdays paper of that society in Philadelphia, are rather more assuming than their Boston Brethren.4 they are not yet sufficiently powerfull to carry their measures into effect. Swift says that [“]Man is so much of the Nature of a sheep, that whoever is bold enough to give the first great Leap over the Heads of those about him, tho he be the worst of the flock, shall be quickly followd by the rest, besides when Parties are once formd, the Stragglers look so ridiculous and become so insignificant, that they have no other way but to run into the herd, which at least will hide and protect them, and where to be much considerd requires only to be very voilent.”5 from these causes I dare say do the Numbers in these Societyes increase, for the People are happy are contented Satisfyed with the Government and those who administer it. all those who wish to disturb it, will be found like Jarvis Austin Morten when weighd in the balance, wanting—wanting office wanting property or wanting morals—

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Thus do I run on, merely for the sake of saying something to you, which may perhaps be as much to the purpose, as somethings which you hear in the assembly over which you preside, and if it should not, why then I can relinquish my right to a terms so long hackned that I am almost tempted never to claim it again, except it is to assure

You that my Heart bears an equal degree of affection and tenderness towards you with that expressd by your own, for your

A Adams

Mrs Brisler was well this evening

Love to son Thomas—

RC (Adams Papers); addressed by JQA: “The Vice-President of the United States / Philadelphia.”; endorsed: “Mrs A. Jan. 24. / ansd Feb. 4. 1794.”

1.

The Boston American Apollo, 23 Jan., reprinted an express from Edmond Genet to the French consul at New York exulting over an apparent French victory: “The Duke of York is taken, with his whole army; Toulon is re-taken, with every ship in the harbour. All this, my dear fellow-citizen, has been communicated to the Congress, not officially, but as certain: The Congress could not stay in their sitting—the whole people in Philadelphia are in the greatest joy; and compliments and salutations are coming to me from every part. … Let our friends know this news—and let us cry out together, Vive la Republique!”

Genet’s information was only partially correct. Frederick Augustus Prince Frederick , Duke of York and Albany (1763–1827), King George III’s second son, led the British portion of the combined armies against France. While the British Army was eventually pushed back from Belgium later in 1794, the French never captured the duke or his soldiers. The French Army successfully broke the siege of Toulon in mid-Dec. 1793, with Napoleon Bonaparte playing a decisive role in his first significant military victory. And the U.S. Congress adjourned an hour early on 14 Jan. 1794, “owing to the sensation which the receipt of an account of the recapture of Toulon and capture of the Duke of York and his army, produced” ( DNB ; Bosher, French Rev., p. 199–200, 203; Cambridge Modern Hist., 8:352; Philadelphia General Advertiser, 15 Jan.).

2.

Jacques Pierre Brissot de Warville was executed on 31 Oct. 1793 and Gen. Jean Nicolas Houchard (b. 1740) on 15 Nov. (Bosher, French Rev., p. xxvii, 204; Hoefer, Nouv. biog. générale ).

3.

The quotation is attributed to Christiana of Denmark, Duchess of Milan (1522–1590), in Horace Walpole, Anecdotes of Painting in England, 4th edn., 5 vols., London, 1786, 1:113–114.

4.

At a 9 Jan. 1794 meeting of the Democratic Society of Pennsylvania, its members passed a series of fourteen resolves outlining an extensive agenda including the protection of the right of free association, defense of France against all of its enemies, promotion of the Franco-American alliance, support for French representatives and their activities within the United States, and opposition to British impressment of American sailors, among other issues. By contrast, the Massachusetts Constitutional Society, which met on 13 Jan. in Boston, published a more general declaration in support of the French Revolution and “the cause of Liberty” (Boston Independent Chronicle, 16, 23 Jan.).

5.

Jonathan Swift, “A Discourse of the Contests and Dissensions between the Nobles and the Commons in Athens and Rome,” in The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, D.D., ed. John Nichols, 24 vols., N.Y., 1812, 2:322.