Thomas Hancock (1703-1764)

Thomas Hancock was a wealthy Boston merchant and the uncle of John Hancock (1737-1793). After early successes as a bookseller, publisher, and paper maker, he became an influential overseas merchant, importing manufactured goods and exporting rum, whale oil, and fish. His fortune grew during international hostilities in the 1740s when he tapped into several lucrative overseas markets, and profitable contracts supplying British forces during King George's War and the French and Indian War made him one of the richest men in Boston. He owned real estate in Boston and northern New England and was elected to the Massachusetts Council in 1758.

John Hancock (1737-1793)

John Hancock was a Revolutionary patriot, merchant, and politician. The son of Rev. John Hancock (1702-1744), minister of Braintree, he moved to Boston after the death of his father and was educated by his uncle Thomas Hancock (1703-1764). In 1754, he graduated from Harvard and joined his uncle's merchant business, taking over when Thomas Hancock died in 1764. Initially moderate, John Hancock's politics became more radical as British policies became more severe, and British attempts to raise revenue in the colonies, such as the Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765, were disastrous for his business.

Hancock's wealth and social standing made him very influential in the patriot cause. He was a Boston selectman from 1765 to 1774 and a member of the Massachusetts General Court from 1766 to 1774. When his sloop Liberty was seized by customs officers in May 1768 on charges of smuggling, a riot ensued. On 5 March 1774, he delivered a stirring oration commemorating the Boston Massacre four years before. Hancock was elected president of the Provincial Congress in October 1774, delegate to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia in December 1774, and finally (by unanimous vote) president of the Congress, a position he held from May 1775 to October 1777. He presided over the debate on the Declaration of Independence and was the first to sign it in 1776.

In 1780, the citizens of Massachusetts approved a state constitution, and Hancock was elected the first governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. A popular governor, he served from 1780 to 1785 and then again from 1787 until his death. In May 1787, the Constitutional Convention convened to replace the Articles of Confederation with a federal constitution, and Hancock was named as president in January 1788. He favored ratification, but with changes that would curb some of the powers of the federal government. It was largely due to Hancock's support that the Constitution was finally ratified by a vote of 187 to 168.

John Hancock married Dorothy Quincy (1747-1830) in 1775, and the couple had two children, neither of whom lived to adulthood.