COLLECTION GUIDES

1842-2011

Guide to the Collection

Restrictions on Access

Record Group II of the Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia records is stored offsite and must be requested at least two business days in advance via Portal1791. Researchers needing more than six items from offsite storage should provide additional advance notice. If you have questions about requesting materials from offsite storage, please contact the reference desk at 617-646-0532 or reference@masshist.org.


Collection Summary

Abstract

This collection consists of the records of the Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia, 1842-2011, pertaining to the activities of the organization whose mission was to build and maintain a college or university in Liberia.

Historical Information

Historical Sketch

The Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia (Trustees of Donations) was founded by Massachusetts Colonization Society president Simon Greenleaf and secretary Joseph Tracy in 1848, about 25 years after the first group of Liberian American colonists settled on the northeastern coast of Africa, and one year after Liberia had declared itself an independent nation. The Massachusetts Colonization Society, a local branch of the American Colonization Society, was founded in 1841 to support the emigration of free-born African Americans and formerly enslaved people from the United States, specifically Massachusetts, to Liberia.

Liberia had a public school system in place by 1848, but they did not have an established college or university, leaving most of their citizens with limited educational opportunities. Concerned that without educated men to run Liberia, the newly formed nation would not succeed, Greenleaf and Tracy wrote to the American Colonization Society to describe their idea. After much discussion and planning, an act was passed in the Massachusetts General Court on 19 Mar. 1850 incorporating Simon Greenleaf, George N. Briggs, Joel Giles, and their associates and successors as the Trustees of Donations with the power to manage funds to be used to promote education in Liberia. With the help of Liberia's first president, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, the Liberian Legislature passed an act on 24 Dec. 1851 establishing a charter for Liberia College and incorporating the Liberia College Board of Trustees.

The cornerstone of Liberia College was laid at Cape Mesurado, within the city limits of Monrovia, Liberia, on 25 Jan. 1858. Over the next few years, the Liberian Legislature passed a series of acts granting 20 acres of land in Monrovia as a site for the college and an additional 1,000 acres within the four counties of the republic to the Trustees of the College. In 1861, the Trustees of Donations appointed Liberia College's first three faculty members: Joseph Jenkins Roberts as President and Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law, Alexander Crummell as Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and of the English Language and Literature, and Edward W. Blynden as Professor of Greek and Latin Language and Literature. On 23 Jan. 1862, Liberia College was incorporated. A year later, on 2 Feb. 1863, the doors of Liberia College were opened to their first seven students, and subsequently to the Preparatory Department a few months later. In 1864, The Laws of Liberia College, Enacted by the Board of Trustees was published, and in the annual report of the Trustees of Donations that year, it was recorded, "Thus, after so many years of patient, careful, hopeful labor, after overcoming such obstacles and discouragement, Liberia College is established and in successful operation."

As the interest in Liberia waned over the next 80 years, the Trustees of Donations struggled unsuccessfully to raise the funds necessary for the growing expenses at Liberia College. Repeated difficulties with the staff and faculty, frequent turnovers in the college president's position, and a low number of interested or qualified students also threatened the future of the college. By the mid-20th century, the role of the Trustees of Donations evolved from their initial hands-on management of the college to a more philanthropic role.

In 1951, Liberia College became the University of Liberia, still supported by the Trustees of Donations today.

Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia list of officers

Presidents

1850-1855
George Nixon Briggs
1855-1875
Albert Fearing
1876-1885
Andrew Preston Peabody
1885-1895
Joseph Samuel Ropes
1896-1906
Judson Smith
1907-1923
Daniel Dulany Addison
1924-1927
Charles Knowles Bolton
1928-1936
Daniel Dulany Addison
1937-1944
Gardner Weld Allen
1945-1963
Frederic A. Turner
1963-ca. 1969
William Hathaway Forbes
ca. 1969-
John Otis Brew

Vice Presidents

1853
Simon Greenleaf
1854-1855
Albert Fearing
1855-1869
William Ropes
1885-1896
Judson Smith
1896-1907
Daniel Dulany Addison
1907-1912
Elnathan Ellsworth Strong
1912-1923
Charles Knowles Bolton
1924-1927
James Melville Hunnewell
1928-1929
Charles Knowles Bolton
1930-1937
William Marshall Warren
1938-1944
Charles E. Goodspeed
1945-1958
Theodore Eaton
1958-ca. 1969
John Otis Brew
ca. 1969-1977
Ernest Stanley Dodge
1977-1983
William Bradford Osgood
1983-
Charles Dunn

Secretaries

1850-1874
Joseph Tracy
1874-1909
James Chandler Braman
1910-1914
Francis Everett Blake
1914-1923
Charles Knowles Bolton
1924-1927
Gardner Weld Allen
1927-1944
George G. Wolkins
1945-1956
Stanwood K. Bolton
1956-1973
Walter Muir Whitehill
1973-
Rodney Armstrong

Treasurers

1850-1862
Stephen Fairbanks
1862
Charles Peter Clark
1862-1899
Charles Edward Stevens
1899-1906
George Moulton Adams
1906-1914
Francis Everett Blake
1914-1939
James Melville Hunnewell
1940-1961
Robert Jackson Cram
1961-1969
Alfred P. Putnam
1969-
Giles M. S. Tod

Liberia College Presidents

1856-1877
Joseph Jenkins Roberts
1878-1879
John B. Pinney
1880-1884
Edward Wilmot Blyden
1885-1889
Martin H. Freeman (pro tem until 1888)
1890-1894
Garretson W. Gibson
1895-1899
Orator F. Cook
1900-1901
Garretson W. Gibson (second term)
1902-1912
Robert B. Richardson
1913
James J. Dossen
1914-1917
Arthur Barclay
1918-ca. 1940
Nathaniel H.B. Cassell
ca. 1940-1950
T. Ebenezer Ward
1950-1954
J. Max Bond
1955-1958
Kermit C. King
1959-1971
Rocheforte L. Weeks
1972-ca. 1975
Advertus A. Hoff
ca. 1975-1978
J. Bernard Blamo
1978-1984
Mary Antoinette Brown Sherman
1984-
Joseph G. Morris

Sources

Allen, Gardner W. The Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia: A Story of Philanthropic Endeavor, 1850-1923. Boston: Thomas Todd, 1923.

Collection Description

The bulk of this collection consists of letters written and received by the officers of the organization. The incoming correspondence and retained copies of outgoing correspondence (letterpress books and later carbon copies) reflect the relationships between the Trustees of Donations and the Liberian government; the faculty, staff, and board at Liberia College; and the American Colonization Society, among other like-minded organizations. The correspondence also reflects the continual challenges faced by the Trustees of Donations: fundraising, the building and maintenance of the college, the high turnover rate of president and faculty positions, the lack of eligible students, and the general unrest in Liberia. Of special interest is a letter, dated 14 Apr. 1848, written by Joseph Tracy, secretary of the Massachusetts Colonization Society and future secretary of the Trustees of Donations, to the American Colonization Society, describing his and Massachusetts Colonization Society president Simon Greenleaf's idea for the creation of a college or university in Liberia.

Administrative records include, but are not limited to, meeting minutes, Trustees of Donations president and secretary reports, various addresses, records created at Liberia College, records pertaining to wills and endowments, and other legal documents. Of special interest is a draft of the Constitution of the Trustees of Donations written in 1850.

In addition to correspondence and administrative records, the collection also includes financial records and printed materials. Financial records include annual reports from the treasurers and accountants, account books, bills, and bank statements. Printed materials include Liberian newspapers, clippings, ephemera, and bound publications pertaining to and created by the Trustees of Donations, Liberia College, and the country of Liberia.

Arrangement Note

This collection consists of two record groups acquired at two different times from the Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia. The two record groups are arranged and stored separately, but contain some overlap in names, dates, and subjects. Record Group I is stored onsite at Ms. N-1777. Record Group II is stored offsite and must be requested at least two business days in advance.

Acquisition Information

Record Group I deposited by Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia, ca. 1970. Record Group II deposited by Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia, February 2012.

Restrictions on Access

Record Group II of the Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia records is stored offsite and must be requested at least two business days in advance via Portal1791. Researchers needing more than six items from offsite storage should provide additional advance notice. If you have questions about requesting materials from offsite storage, please contact the reference desk at 617-646-0532 or reference@masshist.org.

Detailed Description of Record Group I

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I. Correspondence, 1844-1939

This series contains letters received by the Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia from 1844-1939 and letterpress books containing retained copies of outgoing correspondence written from 1853-1906 by secretaries Joseph Tracy (1850-1974), James Chandler Braman (1874-1909), Francis Everett Blake (1910-1914), and Charles Knowles Bolton (1914-1923). The correspondence relates to all facets of the Trustees' activities, including the founding and membership of the organization; obtaining donations for education in Liberia; and the founding, staffing, and maintenance of the facilities of Liberia College. Correspondents includes Liberian officials and countrymen; Liberia College presidents, faculty, and staff; officials and members of the American Colonization Society, New York Colonization Society, and other like-minded organizations; donors and supporters; financial institutions; and tradesmen, among many others. The series also includes letters received and sent by Trustee presidents and treasurers, and related reports and accounts.

For additional correspondence, 1924-1997, see Record Group II, Series I.

Close I. Correspondence, 1844-1939

II. Administrative records, 1842-1927

See also I.A. Loose correspondence.

Close II. Administrative records, 1842-1927

III. Financial records, 1842-1936

Close III. Financial records, 1842-1936

IV. Printed materials, 1850-1936

Close IV. Printed materials, 1850-1936

Detailed Description of Record Group II

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II. Administrative records, 1905-1991

This series consists of records documenting the business of the Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia, including meeting minutes, reports, and addresses, as well as papers related to the facilities and curriculum of Liberia College.

Close II. Administrative records, 1905-1991

III. Financial records, 1899-1989

This series consists of annual treasurers' reports, annual accountants' reports, auditors' reports, and two account books (1899-1956, 1961-1975) documenting the financial activities of the Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia. The series also contains several years of tax documents, including federal tax returns, Massachusetts tax returns, and Massachusetts Division of Public Charities annual reports.

Close III. Financial records, 1899-1989

IV. Printed materials, 1916-2011

This series consists of printed materials related to Liberia College, Liberia, and Africa generally. Included are college catalogs, yearbooks (including the school's first yearbook in 1952), newsletters, programs, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, journals, magazines, books, and miscellaneous cards and flyers.

Close IV. Printed materials, 1916-2011

Photographs Removed from the Collection

Photographs from this collection were removed to the Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia visual materials collection, ca. 1885-1951. Photo. Coll. 49.

Preferred Citation

Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia records, Massachusetts Historical Society.

Access Terms

This collection is indexed under the following headings in ABIGAIL, the online catalog of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Researchers desiring materials about related persons, organizations, or subjects should search the catalog using these headings.

Persons:

Greenleaf, Simon, 1783-1853.
Tracy, Joseph, 1793?-1874.

Organizations:

Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia.
University of Liberia.
American Colonization Society.
Massachusetts Colonization Society.
New York Colonization Society.

Subjects:

African Americans--Colonization.
Colonization--Societies, etc.
Education--Liberia.
Education, Higher--Liberia.
Educational assistance, American--Liberia.
Universities and colleges--Liberia.
Africa--Colonization.
Liberia--Colonization.
Liberia--Economic conditions.
Liberia--History--19th century.
Liberia--History--20th century.
Liberia--Politics and government.
Liberia--Social life and customs.

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