COLLECTION GUIDES

1665-1959; bulk: 1810-1930

Guide to the Collection


Collection Summary

Abstract

This collection contains the papers of the Jackson family of Newburyport, Boston, and Beverly, Mass., primarily those of Patrick Tracy Jackson (1780-1847), Patrick Tracy Jackson (1818-1891), Patrick Tracy Jackson (1844-1918), and Charles Loring Jackson (1847-1945), as well as those of the related Russel, Cabot, Tracy, Gardner, Loring, Lee, Lowell, and Smoot families. It includes family correspondence, personal and professional papers, business and financial records, Civil War papers, and estate administration records.

Biographical Sketch

These brief biographical sketches highlight the individuals most prominently represented within the collection. They are arranged chronologically.

Patrick Tracy Jackson (1780-1847) (PTJ I) was born in Newburyport, Mass. on 14 Aug. 1780, the youngest son of Jonathan Jackson (1743-1810) and his second wife, Hannah Tracy Jackson (1755-1797). After studying at Dummer Academy, PTJ I was apprenticed to Newburyport merchant William Bartlett at age 15. He began a career at sea on behalf of both Bartlett and his elder brother Henry Jackson from 1799 to 1808, then established himself in Boston as a merchant specializing in the East and West Indies trade. When the War of 1812 depressed shipping, PTJ I collaborated with his brother-in-law Francis Cabot Lowell (1775-1817) to establish a textile factory in Waltham and with a group of wealthy mercantile families known as the Boston Associates, founded the Boston Manufacturing Company in 1813. The Waltham factory was the first to gather all the steps of converting raw wool into cloth as one operation.

By 1820, PTJ I and the Boston Associates established the Merrimack Manufacturing Company, with additional cotton factories along the Merrimack River, and the city of Lowell, named for Francis Cabot Lowell. In 1830, to improve transportation between Boston and the mills, PTJ I oversaw the construction of the Boston & Lowell Railroad, the first railroad to receive a charter from the Massachusetts General Court. He also served as president of the Lycoming Coal Company in Farrandsville, Pa. and as designer and developer of Boston's Pemberton Square, projects in which he invested heavily but lost a large amount of money. To support his family in his later years, he accepted positions as president of the Concord Railroad of Concord, N.H., agent of the Proprietors of Locks and Canals on the Merrimack River, and agent of the Great Falls Manufacturing Co. in Somersworth, N.H.

PTJ I married Lydia Cabot (1787–1869) in November 1810 and the couple had nine children: Anna Cabot Jackson Lowell (1811-1874), Sarah Cabot Jackson Russel (1813-1844), Susan Cabot Jackson (1817-1826), Patrick Tracy Jackson (1818-1891), Hannah Lowell Jackson Cabot (1820-1879), Catherine Cabot Jackson Stone (1822-1877), Sophia Jackson (1826-1835), Edward Jackson (1830-1850), and Eleanor Jackson (d. 1895). He died in Beverly in Sept. 1847.

Patrick Tracy Jackson (1818-1891) (PTJ II)was born in Watertown, Mass. on 5 Nov. 1818, the son of textile manufacturer Patrick Tracy Jackson (1780-1847) and Lydia Cabot Jackson (1787-1869). He grew up in Boston and summered in Waltham. At Harvard, PTJ II specialized in mineralogy and helped to found the Harvard Natural History Society, graduating in 1838. He learned the cotton manufacturing business with the firm of James K. Mills and Co. (later Charles H. Mills and Co.) as a junior partner, and between 1850 and 1857, built the Hampden Mills at Holyoke with financing from the Loring family. He was treasurer of the New England Emigrant Aid Society, also known as the Massachusetts State Kansas Committee, which sent arms to the Free Soil Settlers in Kansas and financed the work of John Brown. After the Hampden Mills business failed in 1875, PTJ II became a cotton buyer and from 1877 to 1879, worked as director and treasurer of the Automatic Signal and Telegraph Company of Boston. He also served as director of the Bank of Commerce, examiner of the Suffolk Savings Bank, and treasurer of the Eastern Yacht Club.

In March 1843, PTJ II married Susan Mary Loring, and the couple lived in Boston where they had four children: Patrick Tracy Jackson (1844-1918); Charles Loring Jackson (1847-1935); Anna Pierce Jackson (1855-1922); and Ernest Jackson (1857-1913). They summered in Beverly, where Susan's father owned a farm at Pride's Crossing. PTJ II suffered a stroke and died on 10 November 1891.

Patrick Tracy Jackson (1844-1918) (PTJ III) known to his family as Tracy, was born in Boston to Patrick Tracy Jackson II and Susan Loring Jackson (1823-1905) on 19 Dec. 1844. He entered Harvard College in 1861 but soon left to join the Union Army. From 1863 to 1865 he served as second lieutenant in the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment and captain of the 5th Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment, the third Black regiment raised in Massachusetts. He received his A.B. from Harvard in 1865, and from 1868 to 1869 was employed in the Hampden Mills in Holyoke. He then worked in the dry goods commission business in Boston, and later was a cotton buyer with his son, Arthur Loring Jackson, as P.T. Jackson and Co. He also served as the treasurer of the Boston Provident Association. PTJ III married Eleanor Baker Gray (1847-1930), the daughter of Rev. Frederick Turell Gray and Elizabeth Phillips Chapman Gray, in 1871. The couple had four children: Patrick Tracy Jackson (1871-1959); Arthur Loring Jackson (1874-1924); Susan Loring Jackson Noble (1879-1951); and Frederick Gray Jackson (b. 1882). The family lived in Cambridge and summered at Pride's Crossing in Beverly.

Charles Loring Jackson (1847-1935) was born in Boston on 4 April 1845, the son of Patrick Tracy Jackson II and Susan Loring Jackson (1823-1905). He graduated from Harvard College in 1867, shortly thereafter joining Harvard's chemistry department, becoming an assistant professor by the age of 21. In 1873, Charles traveled to Germany to study under Robert Bunsen and August von Hoffman, and was among the first to bring the study of organic chemistry to the United States, a field that he taught at Harvard for forty years. Charles was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. After his retirement, he spent his time at his estate in Beverly, where he enjoyed gardening, amateur theatre, and poetry. In 1926, he published The Gold Point, a collection of science fiction and fantasy stories. Charles died on 31 October 1935.

Collection Description

The Patrick Tracy Jackson family papers consist of 14 document boxes and 14 cased volumes of manuscripts and printed material. They are arranged into five series that document the Jackson family of Newburyport, Boston, and Beverly, Mass., including family correspondence, personal and professional papers, account books, business and financial records, Civil War papers, and estate administration records. Also included are papers of the related Cabot, Tracy, Lee, Loring, Gardner, Russel, Lowell and Smoot families.

Family correspondence comprises a large part of the collection, including the letters of Patrick Tracy Jackson I (1780-1847); his son Patrick Tracy Jackson II (1818-1891); his grandchildren Patrick Tracy Jackson III (1844-1918), Charles Loring Jackson, and Anna Pierce Jackson; and his great-grandson, Patrick Tracy Jackson IV (1871-1959). Other family correspondents include Susan Loring Jackson, William Channing Russel, Henry Lee, Samuel Gardner, Charles Greely Loring, Cornelia Loring, Anna Smoot Jackson, Mary Head Smoot, Lucy and Sophia Russel, and Anna Jackson Stevenson. Correspondence describes the family's various business pursuits, largely in the textile industry; finances; family news; daily life; travels; and social activities in Boston and Beverly.

Early papers include records of the Dorchester and Milton nail manufacturing mills of Jonathan Jackson (1672-1736) and his son Edward Jackson; records of the Newburyport mercantile businesses of Jonathan Jackson (1743-1810); records of the French and Indian War privateer Bethel and the Revolutionary War privateers Game Cock and Oliver Cromwell; and the Revolutionary War recollections of Mary Turell of Boston, written in 1821.

The papers of PTJ I contain a small number of records pertaining to the Waltham and Lowell textile mills of the Boston and Merrimack Manufacturing Companies, including property deeds and a volume of manufacturing statistics. More fully documented is PTJ I's service as chairman of Boston's Rope Walk Committee, his development of the Lycoming Coal Company in Farrandsville, Pa. to mine coal and construct a blast furnace for producing iron; his real estate investments in Boston's Pemberton Square; and his management of the Concord Railroad of Concord, N.H. Correspondents include civil engineers William Gibbs McNeill and George W. Whistler, textile manufacturer Kirk Boott, publisher Ebenezer Andrews, and Boston mayor Josiah Quincy.

The papers of PTJ II are related to his involvement as a Harvard student and alumnus, his work as president of the Hampden Mills in Holyoke, and his positions as treasurer and director of the Automatic Signal and Telegraph Co. of Boston. They also contain a travel journal describing his trip through New York State in the summer of 1836.

PTJ III's Civil War letters document his service from April 1863 through March 1864 with the 1st Mass. Cavalry, and from March 1864 to October 1865 as captain of the 5th Mass. Cavalry, an African American regiment. His letters describe action at the Battle of Aldie (Va.) in June 1863, where a large part of his regiment was killed; his decision to join the Massachusetts 5th; his impressions of African American soldiers; his experiences guarding Confederate prisoners of war at Point Lookout, Md.; the march into Richmond on 3 Apr. 1865; and his service in Clarkesville, Tex. from July to October 1865. PTJ III's reminiscences of his Civil War service, written in 1895, include detailed descriptions of his experiences. Other papers include those related to PTJ III's cotton buying firm, P.T. Jackson and Co., and to his service as treasurer of the Perkins Institution for the Blind, including a letter from Helen Keller.

Also of interest are several letters written by Cabot Jackson Russel, who was killed in the assault on Fort Wagner in July 1863, describing his Civil War experiences with the 44th and 54th Infantry Regiments, the latter under Robert Gould Shaw. The papers of Harvard chemistry professor Charles Loring Jackson include correspondence with professors at universities throughout the Midwest establishing new chemistry departments, as well as researchers interested in Jackson's work in organic chemistry. The collection also contains estate administration papers, guardianship records, bankruptcy settlements, and multi-generational family trust accounts of the extended Jackson family, for which PTJ II, PTJ III, and PTJ IV served as executors and administrators.

Acquisition Information

Gift of Patrick Tracy Jackson, November 2009.

Detailed Description of the Collection

Expand all

II. Personal, business, and military papers, 1710-1940

This series contains the papers of PTJ I; his son PTJ II; his grandchildren, PTJ III, Charles Loring Jackson, and Anna Pierce Jackson; PTJ IV and his wife, Anna Smoot Jackson; and their son, PTJ V. A small amount of papers are related to earlier Jackson family members, including PTJ I's father, Jonathan Jackson; his grandfathers, Edward Jackson and Patrick Tracy; and his great grandfather, Jonathan Jackson. Related papers include those of the Cabot, Lee, Turell, Loring, and Russel families. Papers document the family's businesses in shipping and trade, privateering, and manufacturing, particularly the cotton and textile industry; PTJ III's Civil War service with the 1st and 5th Massachusetts Cavalry Regiments; and Charles Loring Jackson's academic career in organic chemistry. Also included is personal correspondence, diaries and memoirs, and financial papers.

Close II. Personal, business, and military papers, 1710-1940

III. Family estate and trust records, 1665-1919

This series contains the estate administration papers, guardianship records, bankruptcy settlements, and family trust accounts of the extended Jackson family, including members of the Cabot, Lowell, Russel, Gardner, Chandler, Stone, and Gray families.

Close III. Family estate and trust records, 1665-1919

IV. Miscellaneous papers, 1755-1931

Close IV. Miscellaneous papers, 1755-1931

Preferred Citation

Patrick Tracy Jackson family papers, Massachusetts Historical Society.

Access Terms

This collection is indexed under the following headings in ABIGAIL, the online catalog of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Researchers desiring materials about related persons, organizations, or subjects should search the catalog using these headings.

Persons:

Andrews, Ebenezer Turrell, 1766-1851
Boott, Kirk, 1790-1837
Gardner, Samuel Pickering, 1767-1843
Jackson, Anna Pierce, 1855-1922
Jackson, Anne Smoot, 1871-1956
Jackson, Charles Loring, 1847-1935
Jackson, Jonathan, 1672-1736
Jackson, Jonathan, 1743-1810
Jackson, Patrick Tracy, 1818-1891
Jackson, Patrick Tracy, 1844-1918
Jackson, Patrick Tracy, 1871-1959
Jackson, Susan Loring, 1823-1905
Keller, Helen, 1880-1968.
Lee, Henry, 1817-1898.
Loring, Charles G. (Charles Greely), 1794-1867.
Lowell, Anna C. (Anna Cabot), 1811-1874.
Lowell, Charles Russell, 1807-1870.
McNeill, William Gibbs, 1801-1853.
Quincy, Josiah, 1772-1864.
Russel, Cabot Jackson, 1844-1863.
Russel, William C. (William Channing), 1814-1896.
Shaw, Robert Gould, 1837-1863.
Stevenson, Anna Jackson.
Turell, Mary Morey, 1739-1831
Whistler, George W., 1800-1849
Cabot family.
Gardner family.
Jackson family.
Lee family.
Lowell family.
Russel family.
Smoot family.
Tracy family.

Organizations:

Harvard University--Alumni and alumnae.
Harvard University--Faculty.
Harvard University--Students.
Perkins School for the Blind.
United States. Army--Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment, 1st (1861-1865)--Personal narratives.
United States. Army--Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment, 5th (1864-1865)--Personal narratives.
United States. Army--Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 44th (1862-1863).
United States. Army--Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865).
Automatic Signal and Telegraph Company of Boston.
Bay State Cotton Company (Boston, Mass.)
Bethel (Ship.)
City of Boston--Rope Walk Committee.
Concord Railroad Corporation.
Jackson & Bromfield
Jackson, Tracy, & Tracy
Lycoming Coal Co. (Farrandsville, Pa.)
Oliver Cromwell (Brig.)
P.T. Jackson and Company (Boston, Mass.)

Subjects:

Account books, 1710-1940
Aldie (Va.), Battle of, 1863
Blast furnaces--Pennsylvania--Farrandsville.
Capitalists and financiers.
Chemists--Massachusetts--Cambridge.
Coal mines and mining--Pennsylvania.
Cotton manufacture--Massachusetts.
Estates (Law).
Executors and administrators--Massachusetts.
Family history, 1800-1849
Family history, 1850-1899
Family history, 1900-1949
Merchants--Massachusetts--Boston.
Merchants--Massachusetts--Newburyport.
Nails and spikes.
Prisoners of war.
Privateering.
Textile industry--Massachusetts.
Textile manufacturers.
Trusts and trustees--Massachusetts--Boston.
Beverly (Mass.)--Social life and customs.
Boston (Mass.) -- Social life and customs.
New York (State)--Description and travel.
Pemberton Square (Boston, Mass.)
Point Lookout (Md.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865.
Texas--History--Civil War, 1861-1865.
United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Participation, African American.
United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal narratives.
United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--Economic aspects.
United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--Regimental histories--Massachusetts Cavalry, 5th.

Materials Removed from the Collection

Photographs from this collection have been removed to the MHS Photo. Archives

Printed material from this collection has been removed and cataloged separately.

Click the description headings to expand their contents, and click the red REQUEST buttons to add items to your request.

Click here to cancel