1630-1798; ca. 1900-1949
Guide to the Collection
Restrictions on Access
The bulk of the Samuel Chester Clough research materials are stored offsite and must be requested at least two business days in advance via Portal1791. Researchers needing more than six items from offsite storage should provide additional advance notice. If you have questions about requesting materials from offsite storage, please contact the reference desk at 617-646-0532 or reference@masshist.org.
Abstract
This collection consists of research materials collected by Samuel Chester Clough for his unfinished topographical history of property in Boston from settlement through 1798, including a series of property-ownership reconstruction maps for selected years within that period.
Biographical Sketch
Samuel Chester Clough was born in East Boston, Mass. in 1873. He graduated from Roxbury High School in 1892 and became a draftsman for the Boston Edison Company, where he worked until 1936. After leaving Boston Edison, he worked for the Boston Navy Yard in Charlestown. He married Johnina Johnson, and they had one daughter, Priscilla Clough. He died in Roxbury, Mass. on 1 Sep. 1949.
Collection Description
The Samuel Chester Clough collection consists of research materials collected by Samuel Chester Clough for his unfinished topographical history of Boston from settlement through 1798, and a series of property-ownership reconstruction maps for selected years within that period. Included in the research materials are draft tracings, city block reconstruction, manuscript, printed, and finished plate maps of areas of Boston; printed material; indexes; copies of Suffolk County deeds; and other reference materials.
Arrangement
Because of the complexity of the Clough papers, this section serves as a brief overview of Clough's research process in order to help users make the best use of the collection.
With the exception of Series I.A-C that contains secondary material created by Samuel C. Clough, the date ranges assigned to the components in this collection are based on the date of the primary materials transcribed or mapped by Clough, rather than the date he compiled or created them.
The most finished products of Clough's work--his 1798 atlas of Boston and his maps for 1633, 1638, 1648, 1676, and 1798--are located in Series I. Maps and Atlases. This series also includes his unfinished topographical history of Boston and an explanation of his numbering system.
In order to reach his goal of publishing the atlas and plate maps, Clough began by transcribing property information from records of the colony, town, registry of deeds, Suffolk probate, Supreme Judicial Court, and Book of Possessions. He also used John Winthrop's journal, Thomas Lechford's notebook, and William Aspinwall's notes and city surveys. He entered this information in his research notebooks, located in Series II. Property Records.
Clough then copied the information in his research notebooks onto index cards. It was at this time that he developed his block numbering system. Clough created his system to give each piece of property a number that would remain consistent throughout the project. He numbered the blocks 100-5600 and the properties within each block 1-99. Property number 2512, for example, is property 12 in block 25. (See Series I for Clough's explanation of his numbering system.) Clough then transferred the information found on the index cards into his land title summaries.
Clough then began the process of transferring the information he had gathered on properties onto map tracings and numbered street charts. These block reconstruction materials are located in Series II. Property Records.
Series III. Biographical/Genealogical Material and Series IV. Research Material contain additional background material gathered by Clough for use in reconstructing properties.
Series V. Personal Account Book contains the only papers of a personal nature in the entire collection. Volume 4 (Clough's Blue Book), located in Series IV. Research Material, also contains information on the ownership history of Clough family property.
The collection is roughly arranged from his most finished products (maps, atlases, and land title summaries) to his most raw research materials (research notebooks).
Acquisition Information
Main collection acquired by purchase, 1952. Additional materials given by Sidvin Frank Tucker, May 1976.
Restrictions on Access
The bulk of the Samuel Chester Clough research materials are stored offsite and must be requested at least two business days in advance via Portal1791. Researchers needing more than six items from offsite storage should provide additional advance notice. If you have questions about requesting materials from offsite storage, please contact the reference desk at 617-646-0532 or reference@masshist.org.
Detailed Description of the Collection
Note: With the exception of Series I.A-C that contains secondary material created by Samuel C. Clough, the date ranges assigned to the components in this collection are based on the date of the primary materials transcribed or mapped by Clough, rather than the date he compiled or created them.
I. Maps and Atlases, 1633-1798, ca. 1930-1940
A. Topographical History of Boston, ca. 1930-1940
This box contains a brief preface by Clough detailing the intentions of his project, an explanation of Clough's map numbering system, a brief biography of Clough, and a note by former MHS director Louis L. Tucker regarding the source of the material. Also included are four chapters of the unfinished manuscript on the history of Boston. Chapter 1 describes the Shawmut Peninsula at the time of settlement. Chapter 2 identifies settlers of Boston with brief biographies to 1633. There is a description of owners in 1633 keyed to the completed plate maps of the period. Chapter 3, 1633-1638, identifies residents based on church, colony, and town records. Chapter 4 is an incomplete description of Boston based on finished plate maps.
B. Explanation of Map Numbering System, ca. 1930-1940
This volume contains Clough's explanation of the indexes, research notebooks, card index files, tax lists, census records for 1631-1634, and his history of Boston. Clough re-used a volume that contained accounts for the Antelope and Gold Mining Company, August 1880-June 1882.
C. Atlas of Boston neighborhoods based on the Direct Tax Census of 1798
Clough's atlas contains 60 pages depicting maps of 55 blocks of Boston neighborhoods with each map representing a block section showing property ownership in Boston based on the Direct Tax Census of 1798. The disbound volume also includes two studies of the accuracy of the 1722 Bonner map of Boston and a 1674 map of a North End neighborhood (block 100) based on the tax list of 1674.
Available on microfilm P-357, 1 reel. Reduced-size reference copies of the 55 block maps are also located in the reading room.
Web presentation available here (60-page atlas and overview map).
D. Plate Maps, 1633-1798
1. Base Map Tracings, 1633 and 1638
Included are base map tracings of the city of Boston for the years 1633 and 1638.
Tracing 1: 1633 and 1638 (North End and West End)
Tracing 2: 1633 and 1638 (State Street and Town Dock)
Tracing 3: 1633 and 1638 (North End)
Tracing 4: 1633 and 1638 (Fort Hill area)
Tracing 5: 1633 and 1638 (South east of neck)
Tracing 6: 1633 and 1638 (Neck)
2. Clough's atlas 1798: property owners of the town of Boston
Included are 13 leaves (in 11 folders) of Clough's Boston property atlas based on the Direct Tax Census of 1798. Folders 1-5 contain colored plate maps; the maps in folders 6-11 are not colored. The atlas was never bound.
Photocopies of the 13 leaves are also located in the reading room.
Long Wharf
Web presentation available here (image no. 4 of the sequence).
State Street and Long Wharf area (Wards 8 and 9)
Web presentation available here (image no. 3 of the sequence).
Index to Clough's atlas - Plate II
Web presentation available here (image no. 5 of the sequence).
Northern part of the North End (Ward 1)
Web presentation available here (image no. 1 of the sequence).
Central waterfront area near North Street
Web presentation available here (image no. 2 of the sequence).
Court Street area (Wards 6, 8, and 9)
Web presentation available here (image no. 2 of the sequence).
Bowdoin Street to Charles River area
Web presentation available here (image no. 2 of the sequence).
Statehouse area (Ward 9)
Web presentation available here (image no. 3 of the sequence).
Cambridge Street area (tissue map)
This map has more detail than the linen map in the same folder.
Web presentation available here (image no. 1 of the sequence).
Cambridge Street area (linen-backed map)
This map shows the same blocks, but has less detail than the tissue map in the same folder.
Central waterfront area (Fleet to Mill Street and Middle Street)
Web presentation available here (image no. 4 of the sequence).
Beacon Hill development to the Charles River (Ward 7)
Web presentation available here (image no. 1 of the sequence).
North End from Bennet Street to Cross Street
Web presentation available here (image no. 3 of the sequence).
3. Maps of the town of Boston 1648 and 1676
Included are two maps of the town of Boston for the years 1648 and 1676 compiled as property owners' maps by Clough from the records of the colony, town, registry of deeds, Suffolk probate, and Supreme Judicial Court, Book of Possessions, Winthrop Journal, Lechford's notebook, and Aspinwall's notes and city surveys. These plate maps have been encapsulated in Mylar.
Map of the town of Boston, 1648
Map of the town of Boston, 1676
II. Property Records, 1630-1798
A. Land Title Summaries, 1630-1798
This subseries contains Boston property notes or land title summaries arranged by block, from 100-4900, usually with a new lot beginning at the top of each page. The deeds for each lot are then arranged chronologically from the 1630s to 1798. For each deed recorded, the original Suffolk County deeds volume and page number is listed on the left side of the sheet, the date of the transaction and the names of the grantor and grantee in the center of the page, and a sketch of the lot with dimensions and abutters noted, to the right.
Blocks 100-1800
Blocks 1900-4200
Blocks 4300-4900
B. Block Reconstruction Research Material
Box 5 and 6 contain block reconstruction research material for blocks numbered 300-4000. The research material consists of map tracings, numbered street charts, background research information, and reconstruction maps. The materials located in boxes 5 and 6 appear to be smaller renditions of the larger tracings located in the drawers 2-5. See block reconstruction maps (drawers 2-5) for more materials relating to specific blocks.
Blocks 300-3000
Blocks 3100-4000
Blocks 100-1900
Included are block reconstruction maps, base maps, and map tracings for blocks 100-1900. This block section is the area that currently makes up part of the North End. Also includes a folder with block index maps.
Index
Block 100
Multi-block maps 100-900
Block 200
Block 400
Block 400
Block 600
Multi-block maps 1000-1500
Block 1400
Block 1500
Block 1600
Block 1700
Block 1700
Block 1800
Block 1900
Blocks 2000-3900
Included are block reconstruction maps, base maps, and map tracings for blocks 2000-3900. Blocks 2000-2900 is the section of Boston between the Mill Pond and the Common, now Beacon Hill. Blocks 3000-3900 is the section of Boston that includes the Town Dock, Dock Square, Merchants' Row area.
Multi-block maps 2000-2900
Block 2000
Block 2100
Block 2200
Block 2300
Block 2400
Block 2900
Multi-block maps 3000-3900
Block 3100
Block 3300
Block 3500
Block 3600
Block 3700
Block 3800
Block 3900
Blocks 4000-4900
Included are block reconstruction maps, base maps, and map tracings for blocks 4000-4900.
Multi-block maps 4000-4900
Block 4000
Block 4100
Block 4200
Block 4300
Block 4400
Block 4500
Block 4600
Block 4800
Block 4900
Blocks 5000-5500
Included are block reconstruction maps, base maps, and map tracings for blocks 5000-5500. This section of Boston was the narrow spit of land called Boston Neck, now the area on either side of Washington Street.
Multi-block maps 5000-5500
Block 5000
Block 5100
Block 5200
Block 5400
Block 5500
C. Numbered Street Charts
This subseries contains an index of long numbered sheet charts, arranged by street name, where Clough collated the information from deeds and other written sources with cartographic information to create his property ownership reconstructions. The long sheets use the street frontage as their horizontal dimension and specific property lots as their vertical dimension. Vertical lots are plotted based on their researched frontage dimension. The narrow vertical dimension of the sheets represent time, deed summary based on the date of transfer, grantor, grantee, and dimensions. Also see drawers 2-5 as numerous numbered street charts can be found there, filed by block number. Not every block is represented by a numbered street chart.
D. Index Card Boxes
This subseries contains the second round of indexing that Clough performed. The land title summary information from these cards was transcribed onto larger sheets, which can be found in boxes 2-4 (arranged by lot, then chronologically). Index card boxes 1-10 contain an index of property owners arranged alphabetically by surname. Boxes 11-22 contain an index of property block and lots arranged by lot number but not necessarily in chronological order.
B-Bru
Bu-Com
Con-Ed
El-Gr
Green-Hop
Hu-Lov
Low-Now
O-Ris
Ro-Swa
T-Yo
Street list
100-900
1000-2000
22-48
3900-4300
4400-4500
4600-4700
4800-5000
5100
5200-5300
5400-5500
Miscellaneous
E. Research Notebooks, 1634-1766
This subseries contains notebooks where Clough recorded his notes and transcriptions from books and repositories where he conducted his research. The majority of the volumes contain Clough's deed abstracts copied from the Suffolk County volumes. Several volumes are labeled "Town Dock" for years 1634-1656, 1661-1734, and 1743-1766, reflecting a different note-taking scheme, which Clough began, but later abandoned. The town dock information and property transfers are arranged chronologically and contain alphabetical lists of persons with biographical notes. The information in the volumes appears to have been copied onto index cards (IC boxes 1-22) and then onto larger paper, which can be found in Series II.A. Land Title Summaries (boxes 2-4).
Vols. 1-5, 7-24, 26-31, and Town Dock records
Vols. 35-37, 40, 42-64
Vols. 65-105
Vols. 106-146
III. Biographical/Genealogical Material, 1630-1798
A. Index of Boston Inhabitants, 1630-1798
This subseries contains an index to Boston inhabitants, 1630-1798, prepared by Clough for the purpose of keeping genealogical and biographical information on the first settlers of Boston from 1630 onward. The numbers in green located next to the names, mentioned in volume 4 (Clough's blue book), note the first settlers.
B. Index of Families and Family Heads of Boston from 1630
This subseries contains an index of every known resident in Boston from 1630. The numbers in green represent residents who lived in Boston prior to 1655 (there are about 1200 of these). The figures in fraction form (i.e. 116/4) represent the page and volume where the information was found in the Suffolk County deeds, with the top number representing the page and the bottom number representing the volume. Also included is the first known date the person was cited in the Suffolk County deeds.
C. First Church Records, 1636-1755
This subseries contains records of the First Church of Boston, 1636-1755, copied by Clough, consisting of a list of church members and three corresponding numbers (green, black, and red). The green numbers represent citizens of Boston prior to 1655. The red and black numbers appear to be a count of residents listed in the volume.
IV. Research Material, 1630-1841
A. Miscellaneous Research Notes
This subseries contains miscellaneous research notes and notebooks. These include an alphabetical list of property owners; volume 1 of the Massachusetts Bay Colony records; a notebook entitled "Miscellaneous B" containing property notes and possibly taken from Suffolk County deed or Colony records; a notebook entitled "O" containing descriptive information about places in Boston, listed alphabetically; "Notebook 1" containing Clough family genealogy; "Book 29" containing an alphabetical list of property owners with two sets of unidentifiable index numbers; "Notes" containing research material with street names, property numbers, owners, and years of ownership; notebook fragments containing research materials for blocks 100-600 and miscellaneous research material. In a notebook containing information on people buried at King's Chapel in Boston, Mass., Clough notes the shapes of some gravestones, person interred, life dates, age, and the burial plot number, which correlates to a small map of King's Chapel in the notebook. Also contains a folder titled "Notes on Lynn Street" and a newspaper clipping with genealogical queries.
B. Miscellaneous Maps, 1722-1841
This subseries contains miscellaneous maps drawn and collected by Clough for his research.
Town Dock and Dock Square reconstruction and base maps
Old State House, Faneuil Hall, and Market Square area
This area is comprised of many blocks that are not in the same numbering section and therefore was given a subject-oriented designation rather than numerical.
Manuscript base map tracings of portions of Boston
Manuscript base map tracings of the entire peninsula of Boston
Unidentifiable map tracings of Boston
Commonwealth Avenue
Summer Street sewer plan, 1841; Cambridge Street (on reverse)
South Street (Boston), ca. 1805; Rowe's, Harris's, and Foster's Wharves, 1816
1722/1798 - King Street/State Street
Printed maps
Printed maps
Miscellaneous Boston blueprints
Book of Possessions
C. Printed Material, 1634-1798
This subseries includes Clough's annotated volumes of the Boston Record Commissioners publications, which contain Boston Records, 1634-1701, the Books of Possessions, Suffolk Deeds, Direct Tax of 1798, and the U.S. Census of 1790.
D. Clough's Boston Blue Book, 1699-1823
Clough's blue book contains an index of property lots with owner's name, index page number, valuation, and description of land for plates 1-11 of his 1798 atlas (located in oversize drawers). The volume also includes a list of children baptized, 1699-1733, and the ownership history of Clough family property, 1744-1823.
E. Index of Names
This subseries contains an index of property owners with plot numbers and of ownership.
F. Index of Deeds
This subseries contains an index of deeds copied in four volumes as they appear in the volumes of the Suffolk Registry. The first column of red figures indicates the corresponding notebook and page number where the property abstract can be found in boxes 8-11. The second column of figures indicates the property numbers on the text maps or plates drawn by Clough.
G. Miscellaneous Deed Research from 1630
This subseries contains a miscellaneous notebook (formerly "order book") of preliminary work on the history of Boston estates and the inhabitants of Boston from 1630. There is no discernible order to this list of names, dates, biographical information, estate information, and copied notes from Boston and Suffolk County registers of deeds.
H. Miscellaneous Notes
This subseries contains a miscellaneous notebook of approximately 3300 names, organized alphabetically. Each name has two different sets of unidentifiable index numbers.
V. Personal Account Book, 1880-1886, 1924-1933
This series contains Samuel Chester Clough's personal account book of financial information, including lists of accounts and stocks, with monies paid and received, 1880-1886; and yearly expense and tax estimates, 1885 and 1924-1933.
Preferred Citation
Samuel Chester Clough research materials toward a topographical history of Boston, Massachusetts Historical Society.
Access Terms
This collection is indexed under the following headings in ABIGAIL, the online catalog of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Researchers desiring materials about related persons, organizations, or subjects should search the catalog using these headings.